16 U.S.C. § 1535 — Cooperation with States
submitted 53 years ago by Pub. L. 93-205 to r/title-16-CONSERVATION · 2,185 words · no verdicts yet
The Secretary must cooperate with States on endangered- and threatened-species conservation and may make management and cooperative agreements. The section sets State-program requirements, Federal funding, conflicts between laws, transition rules, regulations, and a conservation fund.
(a) The Secretary* must cooperate with States as much as practicable in carrying out this chapter, including consulting affected States before acquiring land, water, or an interest in either for conservation*. (b) The Secretary may agree with a State* on administering and managing a conservation area; revenue from that administration follows 16 U.S.C. § 715s. (c) The Secretary may make cooperative agreements with States that maintain adequate, active programs for endangered and threatened animals or plants. Within 120 days after receiving a certified proposed program, he must decide whether it follows this chapter and, unless it does not, enter an agreement to help carry it out. For fish and wildlife, the Secretary must find and annually reconfirm that the State agency* can conserve* resident species* identified as endangered or threatened; has acceptable conservation programs and supplies their details and data; can investigate species status and survival needs; can establish conservation programs including acquiring habitat; and allows public participation in listing resident species. Alternatively, the State may satisfy the investigation, habitat-program, and public-participation requirements and have plans for immediate attention to species the Secretary and State agency agree most urgently need conservation. Such an agreement does not change applicable taking prohibitions. Comparable rules apply to plant* programs, except the listed requirements concern plants and do not include the fish-and-wildlife habitat-acquisition requirement. (d) The Secretary may give financial assistance through a State agency with an agreement for conservation programs and for monitoring candidate and recovered species. Annual funds must be allocated considering U.S. international commitments, State readiness, numbers of listed species, restoration potential, urgency, and the importance of monitoring candidate and recovered species. Unobligated funds may remain available to the State through the next fiscal year, and then may be used by the Secretary. Agreements must state the actions, expected conservation benefits, estimated costs, and Federal and State shares. The Federal share may not exceed 75 percent, or 90 percent when two or more States jointly cooperate on species with a common interest. The Secretary may advance the Federal share. The non-Federal share may be money or real property valued by the Secretary, whose decision is final. (e) Secretary actions are subject to review at intervals no longer than one year. (f) State laws on import*, export, or interstate or foreign commerce* are void to the extent they permit what this chapter or its rules prohibit or prohibit what an exemption or permit authorizes. Other conservation laws remain valid. State taking rules may be stricter than Federal exemptions or permits but not less strict than Federal prohibitions. (g) “Establishment period” means, for a State, the period beginning December 28, 1973, and ending at the earlier of 120 days after adjournment of its first regular legislative session beginning after that date or 15 months after that date. During the transition, the prohibitions in, or authorized under, 16 U.S.C. § 1533(d) and § 1538(a)(1)(B) do not apply to taking a resident endangered or threatened species* in a State, except for a species listed in Appendix I to the Convention* or specifically covered by another treaty or Federal law, if that State is then a party to a cooperative agreement with the Secretary, except to the extent the taking violates that State’s law. For any other State, the prohibitions also do not apply except during the establishment period when the Secretary applies the prohibition at the State’s request, or when the Secretary applies it after finding and publishing that an emergency exists that poses a significant risk to the species’ well-being and that the prohibition must be applied to protect it. The Secretary may make and publish that finding without following the public-hearing or comment rules in 5 U.S.C. § 553 or any other provision of this chapter. The prohibition expires 90 days after it is imposed unless the Secretary extends it by publishing notice and a statement explaining the extension. (h) The Secretary may issue regulations needed for the financial-assistance provisions. (i) For fiscal years after September 30, 1988, five percent of the combined amounts covered into the Federal aid to wildlife restoration fund and credited to the Sport Fishing Restoration Account must be deposited into the Secretary-administered cooperative endangered species* conservation fund. Those amounts may be appropriated each year and allocated under (d).
In carrying out the program authorized by this chapter, the Secretary* shall cooperate to the maximum extent practicable with the States. Such cooperation shall include consultation with the States concerned before acquiring any land or water, or interest therein, for the purpose of conserving* any endangered species* or threatened species*.
The Secretary may enter into agreements with any State* for the administration and management of any area established for the conservation* of endangered species* or threatened species. Any revenues derived from the administration of such areas under these agreements shall be subject to the provisions of section 715s of this title.
In furtherance of the purposes of this chapter, the Secretary is authorized to enter into a cooperative agreement in accordance with this section with any State which establishes and maintains an adequate and active program for the conservation of endangered species and threatened species. Within one hundred and twenty days after the Secretary receives a certified copy of such a proposed State program, he shall make a determination whether such program is in accordance with this chapter. Unless he determines, pursuant to this paragraph, that the State program is not in accordance with this chapter, he shall enter into a cooperative agreement with the State for the purpose of assisting in implementation of the State program. In order for a State program to be deemed an adequate and active program for the conservation of endangered species and threatened species, the Secretary must find, and annually thereafter reconfirm such finding, that under the State program—
authority resides in the State agency* to conserve* resident species of fish or wildlife* determined by the State agency or the Secretary to be endangered or threatened;
the State agency has established acceptable conservation programs, consistent with the purposes and policies of this chapter, for all resident species of fish or wildlife in the State which are deemed by the Secretary to be endangered or threatened, and has furnished a copy of such plan and program together with all pertinent details, information, and data requested to the Secretary;
the State agency is authorized to conduct investigations to determine the status and requirements for survival of resident species of fish and wildlife;
the State agency is authorized to establish programs, including the acquisition of land or aquatic habitat or interests therein, for the conservation of resident endangered or threatened species of fish or wildlife; and
provision is made for public participation in designating resident species of fish or wildlife as endangered or threatened; or
that under the State program—
the requirements set forth in subparagraphs (C), (D), and (E) of this paragraph are complied with, and
plans are included under which immediate attention will be given to those resident species of fish and wildlife which are determined by the Secretary or the State agency to be endangered or threatened and which the Secretary and the State agency agree are most urgently in need of conservation programs; except that a cooperative agreement entered into with a State whose program is deemed adequate and active pursuant to clause (i) and this clause shall not affect the applicability of prohibitions set forth in or authorized pursuant to section 1533(d) of this title or section 1538(a)(1) of this title with respect to the taking of any resident endangered or threatened species.
In furtherance of the purposes of this chapter the Secretary is authorized to enter into a cooperative agreement in accordance with this section with any State which establishes and maintains an adequate and active program for the conservation of endangered species and threatened species of plants. Within one hundred and twenty days after the Secretary receives a certified copy of such a proposed State program, he shall make a determination whether such program is in accordance with this chapter. Unless he determines, pursuant to this paragraph, that the State program is not in accordance with this chapter, he shall enter into a cooperative agreement with the State for the purpose of assisting in implementation of the State program. In order for a State program to be deemed an adequate and active program for the conservation of endangered species of plants and threatened species of plants, the Secretary must find, and annually thereafter reconfirm such finding, that under the State program—
authority resides in the State agency to conserve resident species of plants determined by the State agency or the Secretary to be endangered or threatened;
the State agency has established acceptable conservation programs, consistent with the purposes and policies of this chapter, for all resident species of plants in the State which are deemed by the Secretary to be endangered or threatened, and has furnished a copy of such plan and program together with all pertinent details, information, and data requested to the Secretary;
the State agency is authorized to conduct investigations to determine the status and requirements for survival of resident species of plants; and
provision is made for public participation in designating resident species of plants as endangered or threatened; or
that under the State program—
the requirements set forth in subparagraphs (C) and (D) of this paragraph are complied with, and
plans are included under which immediate attention will be given to those resident species of plants which are determined by the Secretary or the State agency to be endangered or threatened and which the Secretary and the State agency agree are most urgently in need of conservation programs; except that a cooperative agreement entered into with a State whose program is deemed adequate and active pursuant to clause (i) and this clause shall not affect the applicability of prohibitions set forth in or authorized pursuant to section 1533(d) or section 1538(a)(1) of this title with respect to the taking of any resident endangered or threatened species.
The Secretary is authorized to provide financial assistance to any State, through its respective State agency, which has entered into a cooperative agreement pursuant to subsection (c) of this section to assist in development of programs for the conservation of endangered and threatened species or to assist in monitoring the status of candidate species pursuant to subparagraph (C) of section 1533(b)(3) of this title and recovered species pursuant to section 1533(g) of this title. The Secretary shall allocate each annual appropriation made in accordance with the provisions of subsection (i) of this section to such States based on consideration of—
the international commitments of the United States to protect endangered species or threatened species;
the readiness of a State to proceed with a conservation program consistent with the objectives and purposes of this chapter;
the number of endangered species and threatened species within a State;
the potential for restoring endangered species and threatened species within a State;
the relative urgency to initiate a program to restore and protect an endangered species or threatened species in terms of survival of the species;
the importance of monitoring the status of candidate species within a State to prevent a significant risk to the well being of any such species; and
the importance of monitoring the status of recovered species within a State to assure that such species do not return to the point at which the measures provided pursuant to this chapter are again necessary.
So much of the annual appropriation made in accordance with provisions of subsection (i) of this section allocated for obligation to any State for any fiscal year as remains unobligated at the close thereof is authorized to be made available to that State until the close of the succeeding fiscal year. Any amount allocated to any State which is unobligated at the end of the period during which it is available for expenditure is authorized to be made available for expenditure by the Secretary in conducting programs under this section.
Such cooperative agreements shall provide for (A) the actions to be taken by the Secretary and the States; (B) the benefits that are expected to be derived in connection with the conservation of endangered or threatened species; (C) the estimated cost of these actions; and (D) the share of such costs to be borne by the Federal Government and by the States; except that—
the Federal share of such program costs shall not exceed 75 percent of the estimated program cost stated in the agreement; and
the Federal share may be increased to 90 percent whenever two or more States having a common interest in one or more endangered or threatened species, the conservation of which may be enhanced by cooperation of such States, enter jointly into an agreement with the Secretary.
The Secretary may, in his discretion, and under such rules and regulations as he may prescribe, advance funds to the State for financing the United States pro rata share agreed upon in the cooperative agreement. For the purposes of this section, the non-Federal share may, in the discretion of the Secretary, be in the form of money or real property, the value of which will be determined by the Secretary, whose decision shall be final.
Any action taken by the Secretary under this section shall be subject to his periodic review at no greater than annual intervals.
Any State law or regulation which applies with respect to the importation or exportation of, or interstate or foreign commerce* in, endangered species or threatened species is void to the extent that it may effectively (1) permit what is prohibited by this chapter or by any regulation which implements this chapter, or (2) prohibit what is authorized pursuant to an exemption or permit provided for in this chapter or in any regulation which implements this chapter. This chapter shall not otherwise be construed to void any State law or regulation which is intended to conserve migratory, resident, or introduced fish or wildlife, or to permit or prohibit sale of such fish or wildlife. Any State law or regulation respecting the taking of an endangered species or threatened species may be more restrictive than the exemptions or permits provided for in this chapter or in any regulation which implements this chapter but not less restrictive than the prohibitions so defined.
For purposes of this subsection, the term “establishment period” means, with respect to any State, the period beginning on December 28, 1973, and ending on whichever of the following dates first occurs: (A) the date of the close of the 120-day period following the adjournment of the first regular session of the legislature of such State which commences after December 28, 1973, or (B) the date of the close of the 15-month period following December 28, 1973.
The prohibitions set forth in or authorized pursuant to sections 1533(d) and 1538(a)(1)(B) of this title shall not apply with respect to the taking of any resident endangered species or threatened species (other than species listed in Appendix I to the Convention* or otherwise specifically covered by any other treaty or Federal law) within any State—
which is then a party to a cooperative agreement with the Secretary pursuant to subsection (c) of this section (except to the extent that the taking of any such species is contrary to the law of such State); or
except for any time within the establishment period when—
the Secretary applies such prohibition to such species at the request of the State, or
the Secretary applies such prohibition after he finds, and publishes his finding, that an emergency exists posing a significant risk to the well-being of such species and that the prohibition must be applied to protect such species. The Secretary’s finding and publication may be made without regard to the public hearing or comment provisions of section 553 of title 5 or any other provision of this chapter; but such prohibition shall expire 90 days after the date of its imposition unless the Secretary further extends such prohibition by publishing notice and a statement of justification of such extension.
The Secretary is authorized to promulgate such regulations as may be appropriate to carry out the provisions of this section relating to financial assistance to States.
To carry out the provisions of this section for fiscal years after September 30, 1988, there shall be deposited into a special fund known as the cooperative endangered species conservation fund, to be administered by the Secretary, an amount equal to 5 percent of the combined amounts covered each fiscal year into the Federal aid to wildlife restoration fund under section 669b of this title, and paid, transferred, or otherwise credited each fiscal year to the Sport Fishing Restoration Account established under 1016 of the Act of July 18, 1984.
Amounts deposited into the special fund are authorized to be appropriated annually and allocated in accordance with subsection (d) of this section.
Source credit: (Pub. L. 93–205, § 6, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 889; Pub. L. 95–212, Dec. 19, 1977, 91 Stat. 1493; Pub. L. 95–632, § 10, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3762; Pub. L. 96–246, May 23, 1980, 94 Stat. 348; Pub. L. 97–304, §§ 3, 8(b), Oct. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1416, 1426; Pub. L. 100–478, title I, § 1005, Oct. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 2307.)
- 1973Enacted · Pub. L. 93-205 · 87 Stat. 889
- 1977Amended · Pub. L. 95-212 · 91 Stat. 1493
- 1978Amended · Pub. L. 95-632 · 92 Stat. 3762
- 1980Amended · Pub. L. 96-246 · 94 Stat. 348
- 1982Amended · Pub. L. 97-304 · 96 Stat. 1416, 1426
- 1988Amended · Pub. L. 100-478 · 102 Stat. 2307
A history note hasn’t been published yet. The record shows enactment by Pub. L. 93-205 on 1973-12-28.
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