49 U.S.C. § 5309 — Fixed guideway capital investment grants
submitted 32 years ago by Pub. L. 103-272 to r/title-49-TRANSPORTATION · 8,607 words · no verdicts yet
The Secretary may provide capital-investment grants for new fixed-guideway, small-start, and core-capacity projects. The section sets eligibility, planning and rating stages, financing and matching rules, grant agreements, reporting, and public dashboard requirements.
(a) Definitions. An applicant is a State or local authority applying for a grant. A core-capacity project is a substantial corridor investment in an existing fixed-guideway system that increases capacity at least 10 percent, excluding state-of-good-repair elements. A corridor-based bus rapid-transit project is a small-start bus investment in a defined corridor with rail-like stations, signal priority, short-headway two-way service for a substantial part of weekdays, or other Secretary-approved features, while most of it is not in a separated right-of-way at peak times. A fixed-guideway bus rapid-transit project mostly uses a separated peak-period right-of-way, substantially invests in one defined route, and has the listed rail-like features, including short-headway bidirectional service for a substantial part of weekdays and weekend days. A new fixed-guideway project is a minimum operable segment or extension of a fixed-guideway or bus rapid-transit system. A small-start project is a new fixed-guideway or corridor-based bus project with Federal assistance under $150 million and net capital cost under $400 million. (b) The Secretary may grant money for advanced development or engineering of new and small-start projects, including property, initial rolling stock, rights-of-way, and relocation, and for core-capacity improvements including property, rights-of-way, double tracking, signals, electrification, larger platforms, related rolling stock, infill stations, and other capacity work. Core-capacity projects exclude general station facilities, parking, and rolling stock alone. (c) Grants require an approved transportation plan; legal, financial, technical, safety, and security capacity; control of equipment and facilities; maintenance capacity; and progress toward section 5326(c)(2) targets. Listed section 5307 certifications may supply sufficient information. Recently successful applicants with results meeting projections and continuing staff and resources receive expedited technical review. Recipients must follow all necessary terms. (d) A new project enters development after the applicant’s descriptive request, start of National Environmental Policy Act work, the Secretary’s written response within 45 days, and congressional notice. The applicant must develop justification and local-finance information, complete rating work within two years unless granted an extension based on a plan and estimate, and may enter engineering after environmental completion only if it is the locally preferred alternative, in the metropolitan plan, justified by mobility, environmental, congestion, economic-development, land-use, and cost-per-rider factors, and supported by stable local financing. The Secretary considers forecast reliability, density, and current ridership. (e) Core-capacity projects follow the same entry and timing process. To enter engineering they must meet the environmental, planning, locally preferred, capacity, justification, and local-finance requirements; the corridor must be at or above capacity or projected to be so within ten years without temporary measures. The Secretary considers forecast reliability, at least 10-percent capacity gain, interconnection, and environmental outcomes. (f) Local financing must include reasonable contingencies; stable, reliable, timely capital and operating sources; and resources to maintain and operate the whole existing and proposed system, including essential feeder service, without reducing existing service. The Secretary considers forecast reliability, grant commitments, dedication of sources, debt, excess local commitment, and private contributions and risk-sharing. (g) A project cannot advance between phases unless it meets requirements and is likely to continue doing so. The Secretary rates the whole project high, medium-high, medium, medium-low, or low, and separately rates the applicable criteria with comparable but not necessarily equal weights. The Secretary may not require any single project-justification criterion to meet or exceed a “medium” rating for the project to advance from one phase to another. Special warrants must be used when practical for a project whose Federal share is no more than 50 percent, if requested by an applicant that certifies its system is in good repair and meets other requirements. For medium-or-better projects, the Secretary must, when practical, issue letters of intent and early-work agreements after the environmental decision. The Secretary must issue guidance within the stated deadlines and rules establishing the rating processes, and may permit re-entry into a phase. (h) Small-start projects. (1) A small-start project is subject to this subsection. (2) A new small-start project enters project development when the applicant sends the Secretary a letter describing the project and requesting entry, begins the required National Environmental Policy Act activities, and the Secretary responds in writing within 45 days about whether the information is sufficient, including any needed explanation of deficiencies, while giving concurrent notice to the Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee and the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. During project development, the applicant must develop enough information for the Secretary to decide project justification, policies and land-use patterns that promote public transportation, and local financial commitment. (3) The Secretary may provide Federal assistance only if the project is the locally preferred alternative in the metropolitan transportation plan, is based on the benefit analysis in paragraph (4), and has an acceptable degree of local financial commitment. (4) Compared with taking no action, the Secretary must analyze mobility improvements, environmental benefits, congestion relief, economic-development effects, policies and land-use patterns supporting public transportation, and cost-effectiveness measured by cost per rider. (5) Each proposed local capital and operating financing source must be stable, reliable, and available within the proposed project timetable. (6) The Secretary must rate the project on a five-point scale—high, medium-high, medium, medium-low, or low—based on project benefits compared with the Federal assistance and the degree of local financial commitment. The Secretary must also give individual ratings for each criterion and give comparable, though not necessarily equal, numerical weight to the project’s benefits when calculating the overall rating. At the sponsor’s request, the Secretary must evaluate and rate the project after the National Environmental Policy Act analysis is complete. (7) To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary must provide the assistance in one grant. If that is not possible, the Secretary may use an expedited grant agreement committing to future-year funding. That agreement may include terms similar to those in subsection (k)(2). At least 10 days before making the grant or entering the expedited agreement, the Secretary must notify in writing the specified House and Senate committees and include the proposed grant or agreement and the project’s evaluations and ratings. (i) The Secretary may bundle interrelated projects. A bundle must identify projects, costs, schedules, shares, and completion plans; each project must meet applicable evaluation criteria and show resources to maintain the system; bundling must improve the applicant’s or region’s system or capacity and streamline procurement or save time or cost. Future bundling may receive a non-obligating letter of intent after the first agreement, sufficient for an operable segment and conditioned on later criteria. Immediate bundling requires simultaneous readiness, metropolitan-plan inclusion, one sponsor, project shares meeting the statute, and the same evaluation rules. A combined agreement may contain only ready projects and must use the required full-funding, expedited, or small-start agreement; bundling does not waive criteria. The Secretary may seek public comment and later streamline criteria by rule or guidance. (j) The development rules do not apply to projects with the listed pre-2012 letter, final-design approval, full-funding agreement, or construction agreement. (k) A letter of intent may announce future funding up to the stated Federal participation and is not an obligation. New and core-capacity projects use full-funding agreements for projects rated high through medium. Those agreements set participation, maximum assistance, completion period, and management terms; may contain non-obligating contingent future commitments; allow favorable financing costs with applicant certification; and must fund an operable segment. Applicants must provide an information plan covering current service and ridership, origins, destinations, access, purposes, rider traits, predicted scope and costs, post-opening data after two years, as-built costs, and forecast-versus-result analysis, and must collect current data before construction. An early-work agreement may reimburse preliminary work after an environmental decision when a full agreement is likely and it will save time or cost; it may cover land, specified systems, other management work, future commitments, suitable periods, and favorable financing costs. If the applicant’s controllable failure prevents the project, it repays all Federal grants plus permitted interest and penalties; returned principal goes to its original account. Obligations require appropriations. The Secretary must notify the specified congressional committees 15 days before letters or agreements and provide the document, evaluations, and ratings. (l) The Secretary estimates net capital cost from engineering, economic feasibility, and expected use. A grant for a new fixed-guideway capital project* may not exceed 80 percent of net capital cost. A full-funding grant agreement for a new fixed-guideway capital project may include no more than a 60-percent share from this section. A grant for a core-capacity improvement project may not exceed 80 percent of the net capital cost of the incremental cost to increase corridor capacity. A grant for a small-start project may not exceed 80 percent of net capital costs. Remaining costs come from non-Government cash, advertising and concessions, surplus, reserves, or new capital. The Secretary may adjust cost for eligible omitted work after substantial under-budget completion and may increase the share if cost is within 10 percent of the engineering estimate and ridership is at least 90 percent of estimate. No required non-Federal commitment may exceed 20 percent. Previously bought rolling stock may count for an extension only under the stated non-Government-funding and intended-use conditions, with proportional refund rules. The subsection does not apply to pre-2012 agreements. For up to three fixed-guideway bus projects yearly, the Government share is at least 80 percent and the local-finance rating cannot be lowered for that reason. (m) The Secretary may reimburse an authority advancing a project without Government money after application, approval, and pre-work plan approval. Eligible bond interest is limited to the most favorable available terms and requires certification. (n) Appropriated project money remains available for four fiscal years; then unobligated money, and any deobligated money, may be used for any purpose under this section. (o) Each year by the first Monday in February the Secretary must report proposed allocations, required ratings and evaluations, and recommendations based on ratings, commitments, and expected three-year funding. Every two years the Comptroller General reviews the evaluation and rating system, Secretary implementation, post-opening service and ridership effects, predicted versus actual innovative-delivery benefits and costs, and reasons for differences, using applicant plans, and reports by May 31. (p) For subsection (d) or (e) cost-effectiveness calculations, art and nonfunctional landscaping capital costs may not be reduced or removed. (q) The Secretary may fund projects providing public transportation and intercity passenger rail. Eligible cost is only the attributable public-transportation net capital cost based on projected use, excluding state-of-good-repair elements. Evaluation uses that cost and the non-section share in the unified finance plan. The Secretary estimates it from engineering, economic feasibility, expected use, and attributable costs. The Government share is no more than 80 percent; the remainder comes from surplus, reserves, or new capital. (r) The Secretary must publish and monthly update an identifiable website dashboard for each project seeking an agreement. It must list the project and sponsor, location, type and mode, length and stops, anticipated total cost and section share, environmental compliance and phase dates, Letter of No Prejudice dates, ratings dates, non-Federal matching status, and anticipated agreement date. Project profiles must continue to be publicly available in the prior manner.
In this section, the following definitions shall apply:
The term “applicant” means a State or local governmental authority that applies for a grant under this section.
The term “core capacity improvement project” means a substantial corridor-based capital investment in an existing fixed guideway* system that increases the capacity of a corridor by not less than 10 percent. The term does not include project elements designed to maintain a state of good repair of the existing fixed guideway system.
The term “corridor-based bus rapid transit project” means a small start project utilizing buses in which the project represents a substantial investment in a defined corridor as demonstrated by features that emulate the services provided by rail fixed guideway public transportation systems, including defined stations; traffic signal priority for public transportation vehicles; short headway bidirectional services for a substantial part of weekdays; and any other features the Secretary may determine support a long-term corridor investment, but the majority of which does not operate in a separated right-of-way dedicated for public transportation use during peak periods.
The term “fixed guideway bus rapid transit project” means a bus capital project*—
in which the majority of the project operates in a separated right-of-way dedicated for public transportation use during peak periods;
that represents a substantial investment in a single route in a defined corridor or subarea; and
that includes features that emulate the services provided by rail fixed guideway public transportation systems, including—
defined stations;
traffic signal priority for public transportation vehicles;
short headway bidirectional services for a substantial part of weekdays and weekend days; and
any other features the Secretary may determine are necessary to produce high-quality public transportation services that emulate the services provided by rail fixed guideway public transportation systems.
The term “new fixed guideway capital project” means—
a new fixed guideway project that is a minimum operable segment or extension to an existing fixed guideway system; or
a fixed guideway bus rapid transit project that is a minimum operable segment or an extension to an existing bus rapid transit system*.
The term “small start project” means a new fixed guideway capital project or corridor-based bus rapid transit project for which—
the Federal assistance provided or to be provided under this section is less than $150,000,000; and
the total estimated net capital cost is less than $400,000,000.
The Secretary may make grants under this section to State and local governmental authorities to assist in financing—
new fixed guideway capital projects or small start projects, including the acquisition of real property, the initial acquisition of rolling stock for the system, the acquisition of rights-of-way, and relocation, for fixed guideway corridor development for projects in the advanced stages of project development or engineering; and
core capacity improvement projects, including the acquisition of real property, the acquisition of rights-of-way, double tracking, signalization improvements, electrification, expanding system platforms, acquisition of rolling stock associated with corridor improvements increasing capacity, construction of infill stations, and such other capacity improvement projects as the Secretary determines are appropriate to increase the capacity of an existing fixed guideway system corridor by at least 10 percent. Core capacity improvement projects do not include elements to improve general station facilities or parking, or acquisition of rolling stock alone.
The Secretary may make a grant under this section for new fixed guideway capital projects, small start projects, or core capacity improvement projects, if the Secretary determines that—
the project is part of an approved transportation plan required under sections 5303 and 5304;
the applicant has, or will have—
the legal, financial, and technical capacity to carry out the project, including the safety and security aspects of the project;
satisfactory continuing control over the use of the equipment or facilities; and
the technical and financial capacity to maintain new and existing equipment and facilities; and
the applicant has made progress toward meeting the performance targets in section 5326(c)(2).
An applicant that has submitted the certifications required under subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (H) of section 5307(c)(1) shall be deemed to have provided sufficient information upon which the Secretary may make the determinations required under this subsection.
The Secretary shall use an expedited technical capacity review process for applicants that have recently and successfully completed at least 1 new fixed guideway capital project, or core capacity improvement project, if—
the applicant achieved budget, cost, and ridership outcomes for the project that are consistent with or better than projections; and
the applicant demonstrates that the applicant continues to have the staff expertise and other resources necessary to implement a new project.
A recipient of a grant awarded under this section shall be subject to all terms, conditions, requirements, and provisions that the Secretary determines to be necessary or appropriate for purposes of this section.
A new fixed guideway capital project shall enter into the project development phase when—
the applicant—
submits a letter to the Secretary describing the project and requesting entry into the project development phase; and
initiates activities required to be carried out under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) with respect to the project; and
the Secretary—
responds in writing to the applicant within 45 days whether the information provided is sufficient to enter into the project development phase, including, when necessary, a detailed description of any information deemed insufficient; and
provides concurrent notice to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives of whether the new fixed guideway capital project is entering the project development phase.
Concurrent with the analysis required to be made under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), each applicant shall develop sufficient information to enable the Secretary to make findings of project justification and local financial commitment under this subsection.
Not later than 2 years after the date on which a project enters into the project development phase, the applicant shall complete the activities required to obtain a project rating under subsection (g)(2) and submit completed documentation to the Secretary.
Upon the request of an applicant, the Secretary may extend the time period under clause (i), if the applicant submits to the Secretary—
a reasonable plan for completing the activities required under this paragraph; and
an estimated time period within which the applicant will complete such activities.
A new fixed guideway capital project may advance to the engineering phase upon completion of activities required under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), as demonstrated by a record of decision with respect to the project, a finding that the project has no significant impact, or a determination that the project is categorically excluded, only if the Secretary determines that the project—
is selected as the locally preferred alternative at the completion of the process required under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.);
is adopted into the metropolitan transportation plan required under section 5303;
is justified based on a comprehensive review of the project’s mobility improvements, the project’s environmental benefits, congestion relief associated with the project, economic development effects associated with the project, policies and land use patterns of the project that support public transportation, and the project’s cost-effectiveness as measured by cost per rider; and
is supported by an acceptable degree of local financial commitment (including evidence of stable and dependable financing sources), as required under subsection (f).
In making a determination under subparagraph (A)(iii), the Secretary shall evaluate, analyze, and consider—
the reliability of the forecasting methods used to estimate costs and utilization made by the recipient and the contractors to the recipient; and
population density and current public transportation ridership in the transportation corridor.
A core capacity improvement project shall be deemed to have entered into the project development phase if—
the applicant—
submits a letter to the Secretary describing the project and requesting entry into the project development phase; and
initiates activities required to be carried out under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) with respect to the project; and
the Secretary—
responds in writing to the applicant within 45 days whether the information provided is sufficient to enter into the project development phase, including when necessary a detailed description of any information deemed insufficient; and
provides concurrent notice to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives of whether the core capacity improvement project is entering the project development phase.
Concurrent with the analysis required to be made under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), each applicant shall develop sufficient information to enable the Secretary to make findings of project justification and local financial commitment under this subsection.
Not later than 2 years after the date on which a project enters into the project development phase, the applicant shall complete the activities required to obtain a project rating under subsection (g)(2) and submit completed documentation to the Secretary.
Upon the request of an applicant, the Secretary may extend the time period under clause (i), if the applicant submits to the Secretary—
a reasonable plan for completing the activities required under this paragraph; and
an estimated time period within which the applicant will complete such activities.
A core capacity improvement project may advance into the engineering phase upon completion of activities required under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), as demonstrated by a record of decision with respect to the project, a finding that the project has no significant impact, or a determination that the project is categorically excluded, only if the Secretary determines that the project—
is selected as the locally preferred alternative at the completion of the process required under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969;
is adopted into the metropolitan transportation plan required under section 5303;
is in a corridor that is—
at or over capacity; or
projected to be at or over capacity within the next 10 years, without regard to any temporary measures employed by the applicant expected to increase short-term capacity within the next 10 years;
is justified based on a comprehensive review of the project’s mobility improvements, the project’s environmental benefits, congestion relief associated with the project, economic development effects associated with the project, the capacity needs of the corridor, and the project’s cost-effectiveness as measured by cost per rider; and
is supported by an acceptable degree of local financial commitment (including evidence of stable and dependable financing sources), as required under subsection (f).
In making a determination under subparagraph (A)(iv), the Secretary shall evaluate, analyze, and consider—
the reliability of the forecasting methods used to estimate costs and utilization made by the recipient and the contractors to the recipient;
whether the project will increase capacity at least 10 percent in a corridor;
whether the project will improve interconnectivity among existing systems; and
whether the project will improve environmental outcomes.
In determining whether a project is supported by an acceptable degree of local financial commitment and shows evidence of stable and dependable financing sources for purposes of subsection (d)(2)(A)(v) or (e)(2)(A)(v), the Secretary shall require that—
the proposed project plan provides for the availability of contingency amounts that the Secretary determines to be reasonable to cover unanticipated cost increases or funding shortfalls;
each proposed local source of capital and operating financing is stable, reliable, and available within the proposed project timetable; and
local resources are available to recapitalize, maintain, and operate the overall existing and proposed public transportation system, including essential feeder bus and other services necessary to achieve the projected ridership levels without requiring a reduction in existing public transportation services or level of service to operate the project.
In assessing the stability, reliability, and availability of proposed sources of local financing for purposes of subsection (d)(2)(A)(v) or (e)(2)(A)(v), the Secretary shall consider—
the reliability of the forecasting methods used to estimate costs and revenues made by the recipient and the contractors to the recipient;
existing grant commitments;
the degree to which financing sources are dedicated to the proposed purposes;
any debt obligation that exists, or is proposed by the recipient, for the proposed project or other public transportation purpose;
the extent to which the project has a local financial commitment that exceeds the required non-Government share of the cost of the project; and
private contributions to the project, including cost-effective project delivery, management or transfer of project risks, expedited project schedule, financial partnering, and other public-private partnership strategies.
A new fixed guideway capital project or core capacity improvement project proposed to be carried out using a grant under this section may not advance from the project development phase to the engineering phase, or from the engineering phase to the construction phase, unless the Secretary determines that—
the project meets the applicable requirements under this section; and
there is a reasonable likelihood that the project will continue to meet the requirements under this section.
In making a determination under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall evaluate and rate a project as a whole on a 5-point scale (high, medium-high, medium, medium-low, or low) based on—
in the case of a new fixed guideway capital project, the project justification criteria under subsection (d)(2)(A)(iii), and the degree of local financial commitment; and
in the case of a core capacity improvement project, the capacity needs of the corridor, the project justification criteria under subsection (e)(2)(A)(iv), and the degree of local financial commitment.
In rating a project under this paragraph, the Secretary shall—
provide, in addition to the overall project rating under subparagraph (A), individual ratings for each of the criteria established under subsection (d)(2)(A)(iii) or (e)(2)(A)(iv), as applicable; and
give comparable, but not necessarily equal, numerical weight to each of the criteria established under subsections (d)(2)(A)(iii) or (e)(2)(A)(iv), as applicable, in calculating the overall project rating under clause (i).
The Secretary shall not require that any single project justification criterion meet or exceed a “medium” rating in order to advance the project from one phase to another.
The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, develop and use special warrants for making a project justification determination under subsection (d)(2) or (e)(2), as applicable, for a project proposed to be funded using a grant under this section, if—
the share of the cost of the project to be provided under this section does not exceed 50 percent of the total cost of the project;
the applicant requests the use of the warrants;
the applicant certifies that its existing public transportation system is in a state of good repair; and
the applicant meets any other requirements that the Secretary considers appropriate to carry out this subsection.
In order to expedite a project under this subsection, the Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, issue letters of intent and enter into early systems work agreements upon issuance of a record of decision for projects that receive an overall project rating of medium or better.
The Secretary shall issue policy guidance regarding the review and evaluation process and criteria—
not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012; and
each time the Secretary makes significant changes to the process and criteria, but not less frequently than once every 2 years.
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012, the Secretary shall issue rules establishing an evaluation and rating process for—
new fixed guideway capital projects that is based on the results of project justification, policies and land use patterns that promote public transportation, and local financial commitment, as required under this subsection; and
core capacity improvement projects that is based on the results of the capacity needs of the corridor, project justification, and local financial commitment.
In carrying out ratings and evaluations under this subsection, the Secretary shall provide full and fair consideration to projects that seek an updated rating after a period of inactivity following an earlier rating and evaluation.
This subsection shall not apply to a project for which the Secretary issued a letter of intent, entered into a full funding grant agreement, or entered into a project construction agreement before the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012.
A small start project shall be subject to the requirements of this subsection.
A new small starts project shall enter into the project development phase when—
the applicant—
submits a letter to the Secretary describing the project and requesting entry into the project development phase; and
initiates activities required to be carried out under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) with respect to the project; and
the Secretary—
responds in writing to the applicant within 45 days whether the information provided is sufficient to enter into the project development phase, including, when necessary, a detailed description of any information deemed insufficient; and
provides concurrent notice to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives of whether the small starts project is entering the project development phase.
Concurrent with the analysis required to be made under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), each applicant shall develop sufficient information to enable the Secretary to make findings of project justification, policies and land use patterns that promote public transportation, and local financial commitment under this subsection.
The Secretary may provide Federal assistance for a small start project under this subsection only if the Secretary determines that the project—
has been adopted as the locally preferred alternative as part of the metropolitan transportation plan required under section 5303;
is based on the results of an analysis of the benefits of the project as set forth in paragraph (4); and
is supported by an acceptable degree of local financial commitment.
In making a determination for a small start project under paragraph (3)(B), the Secretary shall analyze, evaluate, and consider the following evaluation criteria for the project (as compared to a no-action alternative): mobility improvements, environmental benefits, congestion relief, economic development effects associated with the project, policies and land use patterns that support public transportation and cost-effectiveness as measured by cost per rider.
For purposes of paragraph (3)(C), the Secretary shall require that each proposed local source of capital and operating financing is stable, reliable, and available within the proposed project timetable.
In carrying out paragraphs (4) and (5) for a small start project, the Secretary shall evaluate and rate the project on a 5-point scale (high, medium-high, medium, medium-low, or low) based on an evaluation of the benefits of the project as compared to the Federal assistance to be provided and the degree of local financial commitment, as required under this subsection. In rating the projects, the Secretary shall provide, in addition to the overall project rating, individual ratings for each of the criteria established by this subsection and shall give comparable, but not necessarily equal, numerical weight to the benefits that the project will bring to the community in calculating the overall project rating.
At the request of the project sponsor, the Secretary shall evaluate and rate the project in accordance with paragraphs (4) and (5) and subparagraph (A) of this paragraph upon completion of the analysis required under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).
The Secretary, to the maximum extent practicable, shall provide Federal assistance under this subsection in a single grant. If the Secretary cannot provide such a single grant, the Secretary may execute an expedited grant agreement in order to include a commitment on the part of the Secretary to provide funding for the project in future fiscal years.
In executing an expedited grant agreement under this subsection, the Secretary may include in the agreement terms similar to those established under subsection (k)(2).
At least 10 days before making a grant award or entering into a grant agreement for a project under this subsection, the Secretary shall notify, in writing, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate of the proposed grant or expedited grant agreement, as well as the evaluations and ratings for the project.
In this paragraph, the term “future bundling request” means a letter described in subparagraph (B) that requests future funding for additional projects.
When an applicant submits a letter to the Secretary requesting entry of a project into the project development phase under subsection (d)(1)(A)(i)(I), (e)(1)(A)(i)(I), or (h)(2)(A)(i)(I), the applicant may include a description of other projects for consideration for future funding under this section. An applicant shall include in the request the amount of funding requested under this section for each additional project and the estimated capital cost of each project.
Other projects included in the request shall be ready to enter the project development phase under subsection (d)(1)(A), (e)(1)(A), or (h)(2)(A), within 5 years of the initial project submitted as part of the request.
Projects in the future bundling request shall be included in the metropolitan transportation plan in accordance with section 5303(i).
The applicant that submits a future bundling request shall be the project sponsor for each project included in the request.
A future bundling request submitted under this paragraph shall include a proposed share of each of the request’s projects that is consistent with the requirements of subsections (k)(2)(C)(ii) or (h)(7), as applicable.
The bundling of projects under this subsection—
shall enhance, or increase the capacity of—
the total transportation system of the applicant; or
the transportation system of the region the applicant serves (which, in the case of a State whose request addresses a single region, means that region); and
shall—
streamline procurements for the applicant; or
enable time or cost savings for the projects.
Each project submitted for consideration for funding in a future bundling request shall be subject to the applicable evaluation criteria under this section for the project type, including demonstrating the availability of local resources to recapitalize, maintain, and operate the overall existing and proposed public transportation system pursuant to subsection (f)(1)(C).
Upon entering into a grant agreement for the initial project for which an applicant submits a future bundling request, the Secretary may issue a letter of intent to the applicant that announces an intention to obligate, for 1 or more additional projects included in the request, an amount from future available budget authority specified in law that is not more than the amount stipulated as the financial participation of the Secretary in the additional project or projects in the future bundling. Such letter may include a condition that the project or projects must meet the evaluation criteria in this subsection before a grant agreement can be executed.
The amount that the Secretary announces an intention to obligate for an additional project in the future bundling request through a letter of intent issued under clause (i) shall be sufficient to complete at least an operable segment of the project.
The issuance of a letter of intent under clause (i) shall not be deemed to be an obligation under sections 1108(c), 1501, and 1502(a) of title 31 or an administrative commitment.
In this paragraph, the term “immediate bundling request” means a letter described in subparagraph (B) that requests immediate funding for multiple projects.
An applicant may submit a letter to the Secretary requesting entry of multiple projects into the project development phase under subsection (d)(1)(A)(i)(I), (e)(1)(A)(i)(I), or (h)(2)(A)(i)(I), for consideration for funding under this section. An applicant shall include in the request the amount of funding requested under this section for each additional project and the estimated capital cost of each project.
Projects included in the request must be ready to enter the project development phase under subsection (d)(1)(A), (e)(1)(A), or (h)(2)(A) at the same time.
Projects in the bundle shall be included in the metropolitan transportation plan in accordance with section 5303(i).
The applicant that submits an immediate bundling request shall be the project sponsor for each project included in the request.
An immediate bundling request submitted under this subsection shall include a proposed share of each of the request’s projects that is consistent with the requirements of subsections (k)(2)(C)(ii) or (h)(7), as applicable.
The bundling of projects under this subsection—
shall enhance, or increase the capacity of—
the total transportation system of the applicant; or
the transportation system of the region the applicant serves (which, in the case of a State whose request addresses a single region, means that region); and
shall—
streamline procurements for the applicant; or
enable time or cost savings for the projects.
A project submitted for consideration for immediate funding in an immediate bundling request shall be subject to the applicable evaluation criteria under this section for the project type, including demonstrating the availability of local resources to recapitalize, maintain, and operate the overall existing and proposed public transportation system pursuant to subsection (f)(1)(C).
Upon entering into a grant agreement for the initial project for which an applicant submits a request, the Secretary may issue a letter of intent or single, combined grant agreement to the applicant.
A letter of intent announces an intention to obligate, for 1 or more additional projects included in the request, an amount from future available budget authority specified in law that is not more than the amount stipulated as the financial participation of the Secretary in the additional project or projects. Such letter may include a condition that the project or projects must meet the evaluation criteria in this subsection before a grant agreement can be executed.
The amount that the Secretary announces an intention to obligate for an additional project in a letter of intent issued under clause (i) shall be sufficient to complete at least an operable segment of the project.
The issuance of a letter of intent under clause (i) shall not be deemed to be an obligation under sections 1108(c), 1501, and 1502(a) of title 31 or an administrative commitment.
When the Secretary issues rules or policy guidance under this section, the Secretary may request comment from the public regarding potential changes to the evaluation criteria for project justification and local financial commitment under subsections (d), (e), (f), and (h) for the purposes of streamlining the evaluation process for projects included in a future bundling request or an immediate bundling request, including changes to enable simultaneous evaluation of multiple projects under 1 or more evaluation criteria. Notwithstanding paragraphs (1)(H) and (2)(H), such criteria may be utilized for projects included in a future bundling request or an immediate bundling request under this subsection upon promulgation of the applicable rule or policy guidance.
A new start project or core capacity improvement project in an immediate bundling request or future bundling request shall be carried out through a full funding grant agreement or expedited grant agreement pursuant to subsection (k)(2).
A small start project shall be carried out through a grant agreement pursuant to subsection (h)(7).
A combined grant agreement described in paragraph (2)(I)(i) shall—
include only projects in an immediate future bundling request that are ready to receive a grant agreement under this section,
be carried out through a full funding grant agreement or expedited grant agreement pursuant to subsection (k)(2) for the included projects, if a project seeking assistance under the combined grant agreement is a new start project or core capacity improvement project; and
be carried out through a grant agreement pursuant to subsection (h)(7) for the included projects, if the projects seeking assistance under the combined grant agreement consist entirely of small start projects.
The use of a combined grant agreement shall not waive or amend applicable evaluation criteria under this section for projects included in the combined grant agreement.
Subsections (d) and (e) shall not apply to projects for which the Secretary has issued a letter of intent, approved entry into final design, entered into a full funding grant agreement, or entered into a project construction grant agreement before the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012.
The Secretary may issue a letter of intent to an applicant announcing an intention to obligate, for a new fixed guideway capital project or core capacity improvement project, an amount from future available budget authority specified in law that is not more than the amount stipulated as the financial participation of the Secretary in the project. When a letter is issued for a capital project under this section, the amount shall be sufficient to complete at least an operable segment.
The issuance of a letter under subparagraph (A) is deemed not to be an obligation under sections 1108(c), 1501, and 1502(a) of title 31 or an administrative commitment.
A new fixed guideway capital project or core capacity improvement project shall be carried out through a full funding grant agreement.
The Secretary shall enter into a full funding grant agreement, based on the evaluations and ratings required under subsection (d), (e), or (i), as applicable, with each grantee receiving assistance for a new fixed guideway capital project or core capacity improvement project that has been rated as high, medium-high, or medium, in accordance with subsection (g)(2)(A) or (i)(3)(B), as applicable.
A full funding grant agreement shall—
establish the terms of participation by the Government in a new fixed guideway capital project or core capacity improvement project;
establish the maximum amount of Federal financial assistance for the project;
include the period of time for completing the project, even if that period extends beyond the period of an authorization; and
make timely and efficient management of the project easier according to the law of the United States.
A full funding grant agreement under this paragraph obligates an amount of available budget authority specified in law and may include a commitment, contingent on amounts to be specified in law in advance for commitments under this paragraph, to obligate an additional amount from future available budget authority specified in law.
The agreement shall state that the contingent commitment is not an obligation of the Government.
Interest and other financing costs of efficiently carrying out a part of the project within a reasonable time are a cost of carrying out the project under a full funding grant agreement, except that eligible costs may not be more than the cost of the most favorable financing terms reasonably available for the project at the time of borrowing. The applicant shall certify, in a way satisfactory to the Secretary, that the applicant has shown reasonable diligence in seeking the most favorable financing terms.
The amount stipulated in an agreement under this paragraph for a new fixed guideway capital project shall be sufficient to complete at least an operable segment.
Applicants seeking a full funding grant agreement under this paragraph shall submit a complete plan for the collection and analysis of information to identify the impacts of the new fixed guideway capital project or core capacity improvement project and the accuracy of the forecasts prepared during the development of the project. Preparation of this plan shall be included in the full funding grant agreement as an eligible activity.
The plan submitted under clause (i) shall provide for—
collection of data on the current public transportation system regarding public transportation service levels and ridership patterns, including origins and destinations, access modes, trip purposes, and rider characteristics;
documentation of the predicted scope, service levels, capital costs, operating costs, and ridership of the project;
collection of data on the public transportation system 2 years after the opening of a new fixed guideway capital project or core capacity improvement project, including analogous information on public transportation service levels and ridership patterns and information on the as-built scope, capital, and financing costs of the project; and
analysis of the consistency of predicted project characteristics with actual outcomes.
To be eligible for a full funding grant agreement under this paragraph, recipients shall have collected data on the current system, according to the plan required under subparagraph (E)(ii), before the beginning of construction of the proposed new fixed guideway capital project or core capacity improvement project. Collection of this data shall be included in the full funding grant agreement as an eligible activity.
The Secretary may enter into an early systems work agreement with an applicant if a record of decision under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) has been issued on the project and the Secretary finds there is reason to believe—
a full funding grant agreement for the project will be made; and
the terms of the work agreement will promote ultimate completion of the project more rapidly and at less cost.
An early systems work agreement under this paragraph obligates budget authority available under this chapter and title 23 and shall provide for reimbursement of preliminary costs of carrying out the project, including land acquisition, timely procurement of system elements for which specifications are decided, and other activities the Secretary decides are appropriate to make efficient, long-term project management easier.
An early systems work agreement may include a commitment, contingent on amounts to be specified in law in advance for commitments under this paragraph, to obligate an additional amount from future available budget authority specified in law.
An early systems work agreement under this paragraph shall cover the period of time the Secretary considers appropriate. The period may extend beyond the period of current authorization.
Interest and other financing costs of efficiently carrying out the early systems work agreement within a reasonable time are a cost of carrying out the agreement, except that eligible costs may not be more than the cost of the most favorable financing terms reasonably available for the project at the time of borrowing. The applicant shall certify, in a way satisfactory to the Secretary, that the applicant has shown reasonable diligence in seeking the most favorable financing terms.
If an applicant does not carry out the project for reasons within the control of the applicant, the applicant shall repay all Federal grant funds awarded for the project from all Federal funding sources, for all project activities, facilities, and equipment, plus reasonable interest and penalty charges allowable by law or established by the Secretary in the early systems work agreement.
Any funds received by the Government under this paragraph, other than interest and penalty charges, shall be credited to the appropriation account from which the funds were originally derived.
The Secretary may enter into full funding grant agreements under this subsection for new fixed guideway capital projects and core capacity improvement projects that contain contingent commitments to incur obligations in such amounts as the Secretary determines are appropriate.
An obligation may be made under this subsection only when amounts are appropriated for the obligation.
Not later than 15 days before issuing a letter of intent, entering into a full funding grant agreement, or entering into an early systems work agreement under this section, the Secretary shall notify, in writing, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives of the proposed letter or agreement. The Secretary shall include with the notification a copy of the proposed letter or agreement as well as the evaluations and ratings for the project.
Based on engineering studies, studies of economic feasibility, and information on the expected use of equipment or facilities, the Secretary shall estimate the net capital project cost.
A grant for a new fixed guideway capital project shall not exceed 80 percent of the net capital project cost.
A full funding grant agreement for a new fixed guideway capital project shall not include a share of more than 60 percent from the funds made available under this section.
A grant for a core capacity improvement project shall not exceed 80 percent of the net capital project cost of the incremental cost to increase the capacity in the corridor.
A grant for a small start project shall not exceed 80 percent of the net capital project costs.
The Secretary may adjust the final net capital project cost of a new fixed guideway capital project or core capacity improvement project evaluated under subsection (d), (e), or (i) to include the cost of eligible activities not included in the originally defined project if the Secretary determines that the originally defined project has been completed at a cost that is significantly below the original estimate.
The Secretary may provide a higher grant percentage than requested by the grant recipient if—
the Secretary determines that the net capital project cost of the project is not more than 10 percent higher than the net capital project cost estimated at the time the project was approved for advancement into the engineering phase; and
the ridership estimated for the project is not less than 90 percent of the ridership estimated for the project at the time the project was approved for advancement into the engineering phase.
The remainder of the net capital project costs shall be provided—
in cash from non-Government sources;
from revenues from the sale of advertising and concessions; or
from an undistributed cash surplus, a replacement or depreciation cash fund or reserve, or new capital.
Nothing in this section shall be construed as authorizing the Secretary to require a non-Federal financial commitment for a project that is more than 20 percent of the net capital project cost.
In addition to amounts allowed pursuant to paragraph (1), a planned extension to a fixed guideway system may include the cost of rolling stock previously purchased if the applicant satisfies the Secretary that only amounts other than amounts provided by the Government were used and that the purchase was made for use on the extension. A refund or reduction of the remainder may be made only if a refund of a proportional amount of the grant of the Government is made at the same time.
This subsection shall not apply to projects for which the Secretary entered into a full funding grant agreement before the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012.
For up to three fixed-guideway bus rapid transit projects each fiscal year the Secretary shall—
establish a Government share of at least 80 percent; and
not lower the project’s rating for degree of local financial commitment for purposes of subsections (d)(2)(A)(v) or (h)(3)(C) as a result of the Government share specified in this paragraph.
The Secretary may pay the Government share of the net capital project cost to a State or local governmental authority that carries out any part of a project described in this section without the aid of amounts of the Government and according to all applicable procedures and requirements if—
the State or local governmental authority applies for the payment;
the Secretary approves the payment; and
before the State or local governmental authority carries out the part of the project, the Secretary approves the plans and specifications for the part in the same way as other projects under this section.
The cost of carrying out part of a project includes the amount of interest earned and payable on bonds issued by the State or local governmental authority to the extent proceeds of the bonds are expended in carrying out the part.
The amount of interest under this paragraph may not be more than the most favorable interest terms reasonably available for the project at the time of borrowing.
The applicant shall certify, in a manner satisfactory to the Secretary, that the applicant has shown reasonable diligence in seeking the most favorable financing terms.
An amount made available or appropriated for a new fixed guideway capital project or core capacity improvement project shall remain available to that project for 4 fiscal years, including the fiscal year in which the amount is made available or appropriated. Any amounts that are unobligated to the project at the end of the 4-fiscal-year period may be used by the Secretary for any purpose under this section.
An amount available under this section that is deobligated may be used for any purpose under this section.
Not later than the first Monday in February of each year, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives a report that includes—
a proposal of allocations of amounts to be available to finance grants for projects under this section among applicants for these amounts;
evaluations and ratings, as required under subsections (d), (e), and (i), for each such project that is in project development, engineering, or has received a full funding grant agreement; and
recommendations of such projects for funding based on the evaluations and ratings and on existing commitments and anticipated funding levels for the next 3 fiscal years based on information currently available to the Secretary.
The Comptroller General of the United States shall—
conduct a biennial review that—
assesses—
the processes and procedures for evaluating, rating, and recommending all new fixed guideway capital projects and core capacity improvement projects for grant agreements under this section and section 3005(b) of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2015 (49 U.S.C. 5309 note; Public Law 114–94); and
the Secretary’s implementation of such processes and procedures;
includes, with respect to projects that entered into revenue service since the previous biennial review—
a description and analysis of the impacts of the projects on public transportation services and public transportation ridership;
a description and analysis of the consistency of predicted and actual benefits and costs of the innovative project development and delivery methods of, or innovative financing for, the projects; and
an identification of the reasons for any differences between predicted and actual outcomes for the projects; and
in conducting the review under clause (ii), incorporates information from the plans submitted by applicants under subsection (k)(2)(E)(i); and
report to Congress on the results of such review by May 31 of the applicable year.
For the purposes of calculating the cost effectiveness of a project described in subsection (d) or (e), the Secretary shall not reduce or eliminate the capital costs of art and non-functional landscaping elements from the annualized capital cost calculation.
The Secretary may make grants for new fixed guideway capital projects and core capacity improvement projects that provide both public transportation and intercity passenger rail service.
Eligible costs for a project under this subsection shall be limited to the net capital costs of the public transportation costs attributable to the project based on projected use of the new segment or expanded capacity of the project corridor, not including project elements designed to achieve or maintain a state of good repair, as determined by the Secretary under paragraph (4).
A project under this subsection shall be evaluated for project justification and local financial commitment under subsections (d), (e), (f), and (h), as applicable to the project, based on—
the net capital costs of the public transportation costs attributable to the project as determined under paragraph (4); and
the share of funds dedicated to the project from sources other than this section included in the unified finance plan for the project.
The Secretary shall estimate the net capital costs of a project under this subsection based on—
engineering studies;
studies of economic feasibility;
the expected use of equipment or facilities; and
the public transportation costs attributable to the project.
The Government share shall not exceed 80 percent of the net capital cost attributable to the public transportation costs of a project under this subsection as determined under paragraph (4).
The remainder of the net capital cost attributable to the public transportation costs of a project under this subsection shall be provided from an undistributed cash surplus, a replacement or depreciation cash fund or reserve, or new capital.
The Secretary shall make publicly available in an easily identifiable location on the website of the Department of Transportation a dashboard containing the following information for each project seeking a grant agreement under this section:
Project name.
Project sponsor.
City or urbanized area and State in which the project will be located.
Project type.
Project mode.
Project length and number of stops, including length of exclusive bus rapid transit lanes, if applicable.
Anticipated total project cost.
Anticipated share of project costs to be sought under this section.
Date of compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).
Date on which the project entered the project development phase.
Date on which the project entered the engineering phase, if applicable.
Date on which a Letter of No Prejudice was requested, and date on which a Letter of No Prejudice was issued or denied, if applicable.
Date of the applicant’s most recent project ratings, including date of request for updated ratings, if applicable.
Status of the project sponsor in securing non-Federal matching funds.
Date on which a project grant agreement is anticipated to be executed.
The Secretary shall update the information provided under paragraph (1) not less frequently than monthly.
The Secretary shall continue to make profiles for projects that have applied for or are receiving assistance under this section publicly available in an easily identifiable location on the website of the Department of Transportation, in the same manner as the Secretary did as of the day before the date of enactment of this subsection.
Source credit: (Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 800; Pub. L. 104–287, § 5(9), (12), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3389; Pub. L. 102–240, title III, § 3049(a), as added Pub. L. 105–130, § 8, Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2559; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, § 3009(a), (c)–(h)(1), (3)(D), (i)–(k), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 352–357; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, § 9009(g), (h)(3), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 855, 856; Pub. L. 106–69, title III, § 347, Oct. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1024; Pub. L. 106–346, § 101(a) [title III, § 380], Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A–42; Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(4) [div. A, § 1101], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–201; Pub. L. 108–88, § 8(a), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1121; Pub. L. 108–202, § 9(a), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 484; Pub. L. 108–224, § 7(a), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 632; Pub. L. 108–263, § 7(a), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 704; Pub. L. 108–271, § 8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 108–280, § 7(a), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 882; Pub. L. 108–310, § 8(a), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1154; Pub. L. 109–14, § 7(a), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 330; Pub. L. 109–20, § 7(a), July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 352; Pub. L. 109–35, § 7(a), July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 386; Pub. L. 109–37, § 7(a), July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 401; Pub. L. 109–40, § 7(a), July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 417; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, § 3011(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1573; Pub. L. 110–244, title II, § 201(d), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1610; Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, § 433, Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 88; Pub. L. 111–322, title II, § 2303, Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3527; Pub. L. 112–5, title III, § 303, Mar. 4, 2011, 125 Stat. 18; Pub. L. 112–30, title I, § 133, Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 350; Pub. L. 112–102, title III, § 303, Mar. 30, 2012, 126 Stat. 275; Pub. L. 112–140, title III, § 303, June 29, 2012, 126 Stat. 396; Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, § 20008(a), div. G, title III, § 113003, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 656, 984; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, § 3005(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1450; Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, § 30005(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 894.)
- 1994Enacted · Pub. L. 103-272 · 108 Stat. 800
- 1996Amended · Pub. L. 104-287 · 110 Stat. 3389
- 1997Amended · Pub. L. 102-240 · 111 Stat. 2559
- 1998Amended · Pub. L. 105-178 · 112 Stat. 352
- 1998Amended · Pub. L. 105-206 · 112 Stat. 855, 856
- 1999Amended · Pub. L. 106-69 · 113 Stat. 1024
- 2000Amended · Pub. L. 106-346 · 114 Stat. 1356, 1356
- 2000Amended · Pub. L. 106-554 · 114 Stat. 2763, 2763
- 2003Amended · Pub. L. 108-88 · 117 Stat. 1121
- 2004Amended · Pub. L. 108-202 · 118 Stat. 484
- 2004Amended · Pub. L. 108-224 · 118 Stat. 632
- 2004Amended · Pub. L. 108-263 · 118 Stat. 704
- 2004Amended · Pub. L. 108-271 · 118 Stat. 814
- 2004Amended · Pub. L. 108-280 · 118 Stat. 882
- 2004Amended · Pub. L. 108-310 · 118 Stat. 1154
- 2005Amended · Pub. L. 109-14 · 119 Stat. 330
- 2005Amended · Pub. L. 109-20 · 119 Stat. 352
- 2005Amended · Pub. L. 109-35 · 119 Stat. 386
- 2005Amended · Pub. L. 109-37 · 119 Stat. 401
- 2005Amended · Pub. L. 109-40 · 119 Stat. 417
- 2005Amended · Pub. L. 109-59 · 119 Stat. 1573
- 2008Amended · Pub. L. 110-244 · 122 Stat. 1610
- 2010Amended · Pub. L. 111-147 · 124 Stat. 88
- 2010Amended · Pub. L. 111-322 · 124 Stat. 3527
- 2011Amended · Pub. L. 112-5 · 125 Stat. 18
- 2011Amended · Pub. L. 112-30 · 125 Stat. 350
- 2012Amended · Pub. L. 112-102 · 126 Stat. 275
- 2012Amended · Pub. L. 112-140 · 126 Stat. 396
- 2012Amended · Pub. L. 112-141 · 126 Stat. 656, 984
- 2015Amended · Pub. L. 114-94 · 129 Stat. 1450
- 2021Amended · Pub. L. 117-58 · 135 Stat. 894
A history note hasn’t been published yet. The record shows enactment by Pub. L. 103-272 on 1994-07-05.
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