11 U.S.C. § 727 — Discharge

(a) The court must grant an individual debtor^* a discharge unless one of these conditions applies: (1) The debtor is not an individual. (2) With intent to hinder, delay, or defraud a creditor^* or an estate officer holding property, the debtor transferred, removed, destroyed, mutilated, or concealed, or allowed someone to do so to, (A) the debtor’s property within one year before filing, or (B) estate property after filing. (3) The debtor concealed, destroyed, mutilated, falsified, or failed to keep or preserve recorded information, including books, documents, records, and papers, needed to determine financial condition or business transactions, unless the conduct was justified under all the case circumstances. (4) Knowingly and fraudulently in or connected with the case, the debtor (A) made a false oath or account; (B) presented or used a false claim^*; (C) gave, offered, received, or tried to obtain money, property, an advantage, or a promise of one, for acting or not acting; or (D) withheld from an estate officer entitled to possession recorded information about the debtor’s property or finances. (5) The debtor failed to satisfactorily explain a loss or shortage of assets needed to pay liabilities before discharge denial is decided. (6) The debtor refused in the case (A) to obey a lawful court order, other than an order to answer a material question or testify; (B) on self-incrimination grounds, to answer a court-approved material question or testify after receiving immunity for the matter; or (C) for any other reason, to answer a court-approved material question or testify. (7) In another case under this title or the Bankruptcy Act concerning an insider, the debtor committed an act listed in paragraph (2), (3), (4), (5), or (6) during the case or within one year before filing. (8) The debtor received a discharge under this section, section 1141, or Bankruptcy Act sections 14, 371, or 476 in a case begun within eight years before filing. (9) The debtor received a discharge under section 1228 or 1328, or Bankruptcy Act section 660 or 661, in a case begun within six years before filing, unless the plan payments were at least (A) 100 percent of allowed unsecured claims, or (B) 70 percent and the debtor proposed the plan in good faith as the debtor’s best effort. (10) The court approved the debtor’s written waiver made after the order for relief. (11) After filing, the debtor failed to complete the section 111 personal-financial-management course, except this does not apply to a person described in section 109(h)(4) or a debtor in a district where the United States trustee or bankruptcy administrator finds approved courses cannot serve the additional required people. That official must review the finding within one year and at least annually afterward. (12) After notice and a hearing held no more than 10 days before the discharge order, the court reasonably believes section 522(q)(1) may apply and a proceeding is pending in which the debtor may be found guilty of the felony described in section 522(q)(1)(A) or liable for the debt^* described in section 522(q)(1)(B). (b) Except for section 523, the discharge releases the debtor from debts arising before the order for relief and from liability on a claim treated under section 502 as arising before the case began, whether or not a proof of claim was filed under section 501 or the claim was allowed under section 502. (c)(1) The trustee, a creditor, or the United States trustee may object to the discharge. (2) At an interested party’s request, the court may order the trustee to examine the debtor’s acts and conduct to see whether a reason for denial exists. (d) After notice and a hearing, the court must revoke the discharge at the trustee’s, a creditor’s, or the United States trustee’s request if (1) the debtor obtained it through fraud that the requesting party did not know about until afterward; (2) the debtor acquired, or became entitled to acquire, estate property and knowingly and fraudulently failed to report or deliver it to the trustee; (3) the debtor committed an act described in subsection (a)(6); or (4) the debtor failed to satisfactorily explain (A) a material misstatement in a section 586(f), title 28 audit, or (B) failure to make available all requested accounts, papers, documents, financial records, files, and other property for that audit. (e) The trustee, a creditor, or the United States trustee may request revocation under (d)(1) within one year after discharge, or under (d)(2) or (d)(3) by the later of one year after discharge or the date the case closes.