16 U.S.C. § 5507 — Civil penalties and permit sanctions
submitted 31 years ago by Pub. L. 104-43 to r/title-16-CONSERVATION · 1,083 words · no verdicts yet
The Secretary may impose civil penalties up to $100,000 per violation and revoke, suspend, deny, or condition permits. The section sets hearing, subpoena, review, collection, and vessel-lien rules.
(a) Civil penalties. (1) After notice and a hearing under 5 U.S.C. § 554, a person* found to have violated section 5505 owes the United States up to $100,000 per violation. Each day of a continuing violation is separate. The Secretary* assesses the penalty by written notice and considers the act’s nature, circumstances, extent, and seriousness; the violator’s blameworthiness and prior offenses; and other matters justice requires. (2) The Secretary may compromise, change, or cancel a penalty, with or without conditions.
(b) Permit sanctions. (1) If (A) a United States vessel was used in a section 5505 violation; (B) a permit holder or applicant violated section 5505; or (C) an overdue settlement amount, civil penalty, or criminal fine involving a vessel, owner, operator, or permit holder or applicant has not been paid, the Secretary may (i) revoke a permit, with or without affecting later permits; (ii) suspend it for an appropriate period; (iii) deny it; or (iv) add conditions or restrictions. (2) The Secretary must consider the act’s nature, circumstances, extent, and seriousness and the violator’s blameworthiness, prior offenses, and other justice-related matters. (3) Selling or otherwise transferring a high-seas fishing vessel does not end an effective or pending sanction. Before transfer, the owner must disclose it in writing to the prospective transferee. The Secretary may waive or compromise a sanction for a court-ordered transfer. (4) A permit suspended for nonpayment must be reinstated when the penalty or fine and interest at the prevailing rate are paid. (5) No sanction may be imposed without a prior hearing opportunity about the underlying violation.
(c) Hearing powers. For a hearing, the Secretary may subpoena witnesses and relevant papers, books, and documents and administer oaths. Summoned witnesses receive United States-court fees and mileage. If someone refuses a subpoena, the district court where that person is found, lives, or does business may, after notice and United States application, order testimony or document production; disobedience may be contempt.
(d) Review. A person may seek district-court review within 30 days of a civil penalty or permit sanction, except a suspension for nonpayment. The Secretary must promptly file the certified record. The court must set aside findings or orders unsupported by substantial evidence under 5 U.S.C. § 706(2).
(e) Collection. (1) If a final, unappealable penalty is unpaid, or a court has entered final judgment for the Secretary, the matter goes to the Attorney General for collection in an appropriate district court. The penalty order’s validity and appropriateness cannot be reviewed in that action. (2) A high-seas fishing vessel and its gear, furniture, appurtenances, stores, and cargo used in the violation is liable in rem for the penalty. The penalty is a maritime lien recoverable against the vessel in the proper district court.
Any person* who is found by the Secretary*, after notice and opportunity for a hearing in accordance with section 554 of title 5, to have committed an act prohibited by section 5505 of this title shall be liable to the United States for a civil penalty. The amount of the civil penalty shall not exceed $100,000 for each violation. Each day of a continuing violation shall constitute a separate offense. The amount of such civil penalty shall be assessed by the Secretary by written notice. In determining the amount of such penalty, the Secretary shall take into account the nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity of the prohibited acts committed and, with respect to the violation, the degree of culpability, any history of prior offenses, and such other matters as justice may require.
The Secretary may compromise, modify, or remit, with or without conditions, any civil penalty that is subject to imposition or that has been imposed under this section.
In any case in which—
a vessel of the United States* has been used in the commission of an act prohibited under section 5505 of this title;
the owner or operator of a vessel or any other person who has been issued or has applied for a permit under section 5503 of this title has acted in violation of section 5505 of this title; or
any amount in settlement of a civil forfeiture imposed on a high seas fishing vessel* or other property, or any civil penalty or criminal fine imposed on a high seas* fishing vessel or on an owner or operator of such a vessel or on any other person who has been issued or has applied for a permit under any fishery resource statute enforced by the Secretary, has not been paid and is overdue, the Secretary may—
revoke any permit issued to or applied for by such vessel or person under this chapter, with or without prejudice to the issuance of subsequent permits;
suspend such permit for a period of time considered by the Secretary to be appropriate;
deny such permit; or
impose additional conditions and restrictions on such permit.
In imposing a sanction under this subsection, the Secretary shall take into account—
the nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity of the prohibited acts for which the sanction is imposed; and
with respect to the violator, the degree of culpability, any history of prior offenses, and such other matters as justice may require.
Transfer of ownership of a high seas fishing vessel, by sale or otherwise, shall not extinguish any permit sanction that is in effect or is pending at the time of transfer of ownership. Before executing the transfer of ownership of a vessel, by sale or otherwise, the owner shall disclose in writing to the prospective transferee the existence of any permit sanction that will be in effect or pending with respect to the vessel at the time of the transfer. The Secretary may waive or compromise a sanction in the case of a transfer pursuant to court order.
In the case of any permit that is suspended under this subsection for nonpayment of a civil penalty or criminal fine, the Secretary shall reinstate the permit upon payment of the penalty or fine and interest thereon at the prevailing rate.
No sanctions shall be imposed under this subsection unless there has been prior opportunity for a hearing on the facts underlying the violation for which the sanction is imposed, either in conjunction with a civil penalty proceeding under this section or otherwise.
For the purposes of conducting any hearing under this section, the Secretary may issue subpoenas for the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of relevant papers, books, and documents, and may administer oaths. Witnesses summoned shall be paid the same fees and mileage that are paid to witnesses in the courts of the United States. In case of contempt or refusal to obey a subpoena served upon any person pursuant to this subsection, the district court of the United States for any district in which such person is found, resides, or transacts business, upon application by the United States and after notice to such person, shall have jurisdiction to issue an order requiring such person to appear and give testimony before the Secretary or to appear and produce documents before the Secretary, or both, and any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by such court as a contempt thereof.
Any person against whom a civil penalty is assessed under subsection (a) or against whose vessel a permit sanction is imposed under subsection (b) (other than a permit suspension for nonpayment of penalty or fine) may obtain review thereof in the United States district court for the appropriate district by filing a complaint against the Secretary in such court within 30 days from the date of such penalty or sanction. The Secretary shall promptly file in such court a certified copy of the record upon which such penalty or sanction was imposed, as provided in section 2112 of title 28. The findings and order of the Secretary shall be set aside by such court if they are not found to be supported by substantial evidence, as provided in section 706(2) of title 5.
If any person fails to pay an assessment of a civil penalty after it has become a final and unappealable order, or after the appropriate court has entered final judgment in favor of the Secretary, the matter shall be referred to the Attorney General, who shall recover the amount assessed in any appropriate district court of the United States. In such action the validity and appropriateness of the final order imposing the civil penalty shall not be subject to review.
A high seas fishing vessel (including its fishing gear, furniture, appurtenances, stores, and cargo) used in the commission of an act prohibited by section 5505 of this title shall be liable in rem for any civil penalty assessed for such violation under subsection (a) and may be proceeded against in any district court of the United States having jurisdiction thereof. Such penalty shall constitute a maritime lien on such vessel that may be recovered in an action in rem in the district court of the United States having jurisdiction over the vessel.
Source credit: (Pub. L. 104–43, title I, § 108, Nov. 3, 1995, 109 Stat. 373.)
- 1995Enacted · Pub. L. 104-43 · 109 Stat. 373
A history note hasn’t been published yet. The record shows enactment by Pub. L. 104-43 on 1995-11-03.
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