18 U.S.C. § 2429 — Mandatory restitution

(a) Despite sections 3663 and 3663A, and in addition to any other civil or criminal penalty allowed by law, the court must order restitution for every offense under this chapter.

(b)

(1) The restitution order must direct the defendant, through the proper court process, to pay the victim the full amount of the victim’s losses as determined by the court under paragraph (3). It must also require the defendant to pay the greater of the defendant’s gross income or the value to the defendant of the victim’s services, if those services are commercial sex acts as defined in section 1591.

(2) The order must be issued and enforced under section 3664 in the same way as an order under section 3663A.

(3) In this subsection, “full amount of the victim’s losses” has the same meaning as in section 2259(b)(3). This section does not define that term.

(c) Forfeiture of property under this section is governed by section 413, except subsection (d), of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 853).

(d) In this section, “victim” means the individual harmed by a crime under this chapter. If the victim is under 18, incompetent, incapacitated, or deceased, it also includes the victim’s legal guardian, a representative of the victim’s estate, another family member, or another person the court appoints as suitable. The defendant may never be named as that representative or guardian. This section does not otherwise define the term “victim.”