18 U.S.C. § 3146 — Penalty for failure to appear

submitted 42 years ago by Pub. L. 98-473 to r/title-18-CRIMES-AND-CRIMINAL-PROCEDURE · 387 words · no verdicts yet

in plain englishAI-generated · not legal advice

A person released under this chapter commits an offense by knowingly failing to appear or surrender for a sentence. The punishment depends on whether the release involved a listed offense or awaiting sentence, surrender, appeal, or certiorari after conviction, or involved appearing as a material witness. Uncontrollable circumstances can be an affirmative defense.

(a) Offense. A person released under this chapter who knowingly (1) fails to appear before a court as required by the release conditions, or (2) fails to surrender to serve a sentence as a court ordered, is punished under subsection (b). (b) Punishment. (1) The punishment for an offense under this section is: (A) If the person was released in connection with a charge of, or while awaiting sentence, surrender to serve a sentence, or an appeal or certiorari after conviction for, (i) an offense punishable by death, life imprisonment, or imprisonment for 15 years or more, a fine under this title, imprisonment for not more than 10 years, or both; (ii) an offense punishable by imprisonment for 5 years or more, a fine under this title, imprisonment for not more than 5 years, or both; (iii) any other felony, a fine under this title, imprisonment for not more than 2 years, or both; or (iv) a misdemeanor, a fine under this title, imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or both. (B) If the person was released to appear as a material witness, a fine under this chapter, imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or both. (2) A prison term imposed under this section must be served after the prison sentence for any other offense. (c) Affirmative defense. It is an affirmative defense to a prosecution under this section that uncontrollable circumstances prevented the person from appearing or surrendering; that the person did not contribute to creating those circumstances in reckless disregard of the requirement to appear or surrender; and that the person appeared or surrendered as soon as the circumstances ended. (d) Declaration of forfeiture. If a person fails to appear as required, and the person made an appearance bond under § 3142(b) or is subject to the release condition in § 3142(c)(1)(B)(xi) or (xii), the judicial officer may declare any property designated under that section forfeited to the United States, whether or not the person has been charged with an offense under this section.

the actual law source: uscode.house.gov ↗public domain

(a)Offense.—

Whoever, having been released under this chapter knowingly—

(1)

fails to appear before a court as required by the conditions of release; or

(2)

fails to surrender for service of sentence pursuant to a court order;

shall be punished as provided in subsection (b) of this section.

(b)Punishment.—

(1)

The punishment for an offense under this section is—

(A)

if the person was released in connection with a charge of, or while awaiting sentence, surrender for service of sentence, or appeal or certiorari after conviction for—

(i)

an offense punishable by death, life imprisonment, or imprisonment for a term of 15 years or more, a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than ten years, or both;

(ii)

an offense punishable by imprisonment for a term of five years or more, a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than five years, or both;

(iii)

any other felony, a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than two years, or both; or

(iv)

a misdemeanor, a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than one year, or both; and

(B)

if the person was released for appearance as a material witness, a fine under this chapter or imprisonment for not more than one year, or both.

(2)

A term of imprisonment imposed under this section shall be consecutive to the sentence of imprisonment for any other offense.

(c)Affirmative Defense.—

It is an affirmative defense to a prosecution under this section that uncontrollable circumstances prevented the person from appearing or surrendering, and that the person did not contribute to the creation of such circumstances in reckless disregard of the requirement to appear or surrender, and that the person appeared or surrendered as soon as such circumstances ceased to exist.

(d)Declaration of Forfeiture.—

If a person fails to appear before a court as required, and the person executed an appearance bond pursuant to section 3142(b) of this title or is subject to the release condition set forth in clause (xi) or (xii) of section 3142(c)(1)(B) of this title, the judicial officer may, regardless of whether the person has been charged with an offense under this section, declare any property designated pursuant to that section to be forfeited to the United States.

Source credit: (Added Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 203(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1982; amended Pub. L. 99–646, § 55(f), Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3609; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(2)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2148; Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 601(a)(4), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3498.)

history & why it existsrecord from the source credit

1984Enacted · Pub. L. 98-473 · 98 Stat. 1982
1986Amended · Pub. L. 99-646 · 100 Stat. 3609
1994Amended · Pub. L. 103-322 · 108 Stat. 2148
1996Amended · Pub. L. 104-294 · 110 Stat. 3498

A history note hasn’t been published yet. The record shows enactment by Pub. L. 98-473 on 1984-10-12.

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