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21 U.S.C. § 360gJudicial review

submitted 88 years ago by Pub. L. 94-295 to r/title-21-FOOD-AND-DRUGS · 863 words · no verdicts yet

in plain englishAI-generated · not legal advice

A person harmed by certain FDA device rules can ask a federal court to review them. They must file within 30 days, and the court can order the FDA to accept new evidence. Some rules need "substantial evidence" in the record, or courts must strike them down.

(a) Petition; record. Within 30 days of certain FDA device actions, anyone harmed by the action can file a petition for review with a federal court of appeals — either the D.C. Circuit or the circuit where they live or do business. The actions covered include: (1) a rule classifying a device as class I, an order changing a device's classification to class I, or an order on reclassification; (2) a rule setting, changing, or dropping a performance standard for a device; (3) an order denying a reclassification request; (4) a rule requiring premarket approval for a device, a rule changing that requirement, or a related order; (5) a rule banning a device (other than one that takes effect immediately upon publication); (6) certain orders under section 360j(f)(2); (7) an order denying or withdrawing an investigational-use exemption; (8) an order under section 360c(i); or (9) certain rules under sections 360e(i)(2) or 360j(l)(5)(B). The court clerk sends a copy of the petition to the FDA, and the FDA must file the record of the proceedings that led to the rule or order — meaning all published notices, submitted information, committee proceedings, hearings, and anything else the FDA identified as relevant. (b) Additional data, views, and arguments. If the person asks the court for permission to add new data, views, or arguments, and shows the court that this new material matters and that there was a good reason it wasn't presented to the FDA earlier, the court can order the FDA to hold another hearing or accept more written submissions. The FDA can then change its findings or make new ones based on the new material, and must file those changes with the court, along with any recommendation to change or cancel the rule or order. (c) Standard for review. Once a petition is filed, the court has authority to review the rule or order under the normal federal rules for reviewing agency action, and can grant appropriate relief, including temporary relief. But certain rules and orders (those under paragraph (2) or (5) of subsection (a), and orders following the section 360e(g) review process) can only be upheld if they are backed by substantial evidence in the whole record. (d) Finality of judgments. The court's decision — upholding or overturning the rule or order, in whole or in part — is final, but the Supreme Court can still review it. (e) Remedies. The remedies in this section are extra options, not replacements for any other legal remedies available. (f) Statement of reasons. To make judicial review possible, every rule or order issued under sections 360c, 360d, 360e, 360f, 360h, 360i, 360j, or 360k must include a written statement of why it was issued, based on the record of the proceedings that led to it.
the actual law source: uscode.house.gov ↗public domain
(a) Petition; record

Not later than thirty days after—

(1)

the promulgation of a regulation under section 360c of this title classifying a device in class I, an administrative order changing the classification of a device to class I, or an order under subsection (f)(2) of such section reclassifying a device or denying a petition for reclassification of a device,

(2)

the promulgation of a regulation under section 360d of this title establishing, amending, or revoking a performance standard for a device,

(3)

the issuance of an order under section 360d(b)(2) or 360e(b)(2)(B) of this title denying a request for reclassification of a device,

(4)

the promulgation of a regulation under paragraph (3) of section 360e(b) of this title requiring a device to have an approval of a premarket application, a regulation under paragraph (4) of that section amending or revoking a regulation under paragraph (3), or an order pursuant to section 360e(g)(1) or 360e(g)(2)(C) of this title,

(5)

the promulgation of a regulation under section 360f of this title (other than a proposed regulation made effective under subsection (b) of such section upon the regulation’s publication) making a device a banned device,

(6)

the issuance of an order under section 360j(f)(2) of this title,

(7)

an order under section 360j(g)(4) of this title disapproving an application for an exemption of a device for investigational use or an order under section 360j(g)(5) of this title withdrawing such an exemption for a device,

(8)

an order pursuant to section 360c(i) of this title, or

(9)

a regulation under section 360e(i)(2) or 360j(l)(5)(B) of this title,

any person adversely affected by such regulation or order may file a petition with the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia or for the circuit wherein such person resides or has his principal place of business for judicial review of such regulation or order. A copy of the petition shall be transmitted by the clerk of the court to the Secretary or other officer designated by him for that purpose. The Secretary shall file in the court the record of the proceedings on which the Secretary based his regulation or order as provided in section 2112 of title 28. For purposes of this section, the term “record” means all notices and other matter published in the Federal Register with respect to the regulation or order reviewed, all information submitted to the Secretary with respect to such regulation or order, proceedings of any panel or advisory committee with respect to such regulation or order, any hearing held with respect to such regulation or order, and any other information identified by the Secretary, in the administrative proceeding held with respect to such regulation or order, as being relevant to such regulation or order.

(b) Additional data, views, and arguments

If the petitioner applies to the court for leave to adduce additional data, views, or arguments respecting the regulation or order being reviewed and shows to the satisfaction of the court that such additional data, views, or arguments are material and that there were reasonable grounds for the petitioner’s failure to adduce such data, views, or arguments in the proceedings before the Secretary, the court may order the Secretary to provide additional opportunity for the oral presentation of data, views, or arguments and for written submissions. The Secretary may modify his findings, or make new findings by reason of the additional data, views, or arguments so taken and shall file with the court such modified or new findings, and his recommendation, if any, for the modification or setting aside of the regulation or order being reviewed, with the return of such additional data, views, or arguments.

(c) Standard for review

Upon the filing of the petition under subsection (a) of this section for judicial review of a regulation or order, the court shall have jurisdiction to review the regulation or order in accordance with chapter 7 of title 5 and to grant appropriate relief, including interim relief, as provided in such chapter. A regulation described in paragraph (2) or (5) of subsection (a) and an order issued after the review provided by section 360e(g) of this title shall not be affirmed if it is found to be unsupported by substantial evidence on the record taken as a whole.

(d) Finality of judgments

The judgment of the court affirming or setting aside, in whole or in part, any regulation or order shall be final, subject to review by the Supreme Court of the United States upon certiorari or certification, as provided in section 1254 of title 28.

(e) Remedies

The remedies provided for in this section shall be in addition to and not in lieu of any other remedies provided by law.

(f) Statement of reasons

To facilitate judicial review under this section or under any other provision of law of a regulation or order issued under section 360c, 360d, 360e, 360f, 360h, 360i, 360j, or 360k of this title each such regulation or order shall contain a statement of the reasons for its issuance and the basis, in the record of the proceedings held in connection with its issuance, for its issuance.

Source credit: (June 25, 1938, ch. 675, § 517, as added Pub. L. 94–295, § 2, May 28, 1976, 90 Stat. 560; amended Pub. L. 101–629, § 13, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4524; Pub. L. 102–300, § 6(f), June 16, 1992, 106 Stat. 240; Pub. L. 105–115, title II, § 216(a)(2), Nov. 21, 1997, 111 Stat. 2349; Pub. L. 112–144, title VI, § 608(a)(2)(C), July 9, 2012, 126 Stat. 1056.)

history & why it existsrecord from the source credit
  • 1938Enacted · Pub. L. 94-295 · 90 Stat. 560
  • 1990Amended · Pub. L. 101-629 · 104 Stat. 4524
  • 1992Amended · Pub. L. 102-300 · 106 Stat. 240
  • 1997Amended · Pub. L. 105-115 · 111 Stat. 2349
  • 2012Amended · Pub. L. 112-144 · 126 Stat. 1056

A history note hasn’t been published yet. The record shows enactment by Pub. L. 94-295 on 1938-06-25.

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