ALLcrimesfood&drugstaxestelecomcommercehealthconservationtransportationagricultureveteransbrowse all titles »
0

21 U.S.C. § 848Continuing criminal enterprise

submitted 56 years ago by Pub. L. 91-513 to r/title-21-FOOD-AND-DRUGS · 833 words · no verdicts yet

in plain englishAI-generated · not legal advice

This section defines and punishes a “continuing criminal enterprise.” It sets imprisonment, fines, forfeiture, life-imprisonment, death-penalty, and methamphetamine rules, and states that some subsections are repealed.

(a) A person engaged in a continuing criminal enterprise must receive at least 20 years and up to life in prison, a fine no greater than the greater of the title 18 amount or $2,000,000 for an individual ($5,000,000 for another defendant), and the forfeiture required by section 853. If the person has a final prior conviction under this section, the prison term is at least 30 years and up to life, and the fine may be no greater than the greater of twice the title 18 amount or $4,000,000 for an individual ($10,000,000 for another defendant), with the same forfeiture. (b) A person engaged in a continuing criminal enterprise must be imprisoned for life and fined under subsection (a) if (1) the person is its principal administrator, organizer, or leader, alone or with others; and (2) either (A) the violation in subsection (c)(1) involved at least 300 times the quantity of a substance described in section 841(b)(1)(B), or (B) the enterprise, or another enterprise in which the defendant held such a leadership role, received $10 million in gross receipts during any 12-month period for making, importing, or distributing a substance described in section 841(b)(1)(B). (c) For subsection (a), a person is engaged in a continuing criminal enterprise if (1) the person violates a provision of this subchapter or subchapter II punishable as a felony; and (2) the violation is part of a continuing series of violations of either subchapter undertaken with five or more other people whom the person organizes, supervises, or manages, and from which the person gets substantial income or resources. (d) A sentence under this section may not be suspended, probation may not be granted, and the Act of July 15, 1932 (D.C. Code sections 24–203 through 24–207) does not apply. (e)(1) In addition to other penalties here, a person engaged in or working to advance a continuing criminal enterprise, or engaged in an offense punishable under section 841(b)(1)(A) or 960(b)(1), who intentionally kills or directs, induces, procures, or causes an intentional killing that results may receive any prison term of at least 20 years up to life or may be sentenced to death. A person who, during a felony violation of this subchapter or subchapter II, in furtherance of it, or while trying to avoid apprehension, prosecution, or service of a prison sentence, intentionally kills or similarly causes the death of a federal, state, or local law-enforcement officer performing official duties may likewise receive at least 20 years up to life or death. (2) “Law enforcement officer” means a public servant authorized by law, a government agency, or Congress to prevent, investigate, prosecute, or adjudicate an offense, including a person performing corrections, probation, or parole functions. (g) through (p) Repealed by Public Law 109–177, title II, section 221(2), March 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 231. (q) Repealed by Public Law 109–177, title II, sections 221(4) and 222(c), March 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 231, 232. (r) Repealed by Public Law 109–177, title II, section 221(3), March 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 231. (s) For subsection (b), if the enterprise involves methamphetamine or its salts, isomers, or salts of isomers, use 200 instead of 300 in paragraph (2)(A), and use $5,000,000 instead of $10 million in paragraph (2)(B).
the actual law source: uscode.house.gov ↗public domain
(a) Penalties; forfeitures

Any person who engages in a continuing criminal enterprise shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment which may not be less than 20 years and which may be up to life imprisonment, to a fine not to exceed the greater of that authorized in accordance with the provisions of title 18 or $2,000,000 if the defendant is an individual or $5,000,000 if the defendant is other than an individual, and to the forfeiture prescribed in section 853 of this title; except that if any person engages in such activity after one or more prior convictions of him under this section have become final, he shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment which may not be less than 30 years and which may be up to life imprisonment, to a fine not to exceed the greater of twice the amount authorized in accordance with the provisions of title 18 or $4,000,000 if the defendant is an individual or $10,000,000 if the defendant is other than an individual, and to the forfeiture prescribed in section 853 of this title.

(b) Life imprisonment for engaging in continuing criminal enterprise

Any person who engages in a continuing criminal enterprise shall be imprisoned for life and fined in accordance with subsection (a), if—

(1)

such person is the principal administrator, organizer, or leader of the enterprise or is one of several such principal administrators, organizers, or leaders; and

(2)
(A)

the violation referred to in subsection (c)(1) involved at least 300 times the quantity of a substance described in subsection 841(b)(1)(B) of this title, or

(B)

the enterprise, or any other enterprise in which the defendant was the principal or one of several principal administrators, organizers, or leaders, received $10 million dollars in gross receipts during any twelve-month period of its existence for the manufacture, importation, or distribution of a substance described in section 841(b)(1)(B) of this title.

(c) “Continuing criminal enterprise” defined

For purposes of subsection (a), a person is engaged in a continuing criminal enterprise if—

(1)

he violates any provision of this subchapter or subchapter II the punishment for which is a felony, and

(2)

such violation is a part of a continuing series of violations of this subchapter or subchapter II—

(A)

which are undertaken by such person in concert with five or more other persons with respect to whom such person occupies a position of organizer, a supervisory position, or any other position of management, and

(B)

from which such person obtains substantial income or resources.

(d) Suspension of sentence and probation prohibited

In the case of any sentence imposed under this section, imposition or execution of such sentence shall not be suspended, probation shall not be granted, and the Act of July 15, 1932 (D.C. Code, secs. 24–203—24–207), shall not apply.

(e) Death penalty
(1)

In addition to the other penalties set forth in this section—

(A)

any person engaging in or working in furtherance of a continuing criminal enterprise, or any person engaging in an offense punishable under section 841(b)(1)(A) 1 of this title or section 960(b)(1) 1 of this title who intentionally kills or counsels, commands, induces, procures, or causes the intentional killing of an individual and such killing results, shall be sentenced to any term of imprisonment, which shall not be less than 20 years, and which may be up to life imprisonment, or may be sentenced to death; and

(B)

any person, during the commission of, in furtherance of, or while attempting to avoid apprehension, prosecution or service of a prison sentence for, a felony violation of this subchapter or subchapter II who intentionally kills or counsels, commands, induces, procures, or causes the intentional killing of any Federal, State, or local law enforcement officer engaged in, or on account of, the performance of such officer’s official duties and such killing results, shall be sentenced to any term of imprisonment, which shall not be less than 20 years, and which may be up to life imprisonment, or may be sentenced to death.

(2)

As used in paragraph (1)(B), the term “law enforcement officer” means a public servant authorized by law or by a Government agency or Congress to conduct or engage in the prevention, investigation, prosecution or adjudication of an offense, and includes those engaged in corrections, probation, or parole functions.

(g)2 to (p) Repealed. Pub. L. 109–177, title II, § 221(2), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 231

(q) Repealed. Pub. L. 109–177, title II, §§ 221(4), 222(c), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 231, 232

(r) Repealed. Pub. L. 109–177, title II, § 221(3), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 231

(s) Special provision for methamphetamine

For the purposes of subsection (b), in the case of continuing criminal enterprise involving methamphetamine or its salts, isomers, or salts of isomers, paragraph (2)(A) shall be applied by substituting “200” for “300”, and paragraph (2)(B) shall be applied by substituting “$5,000,000” for “$10 million dollars”.

Source credit: (Pub. L. 91–513, title II, § 408, Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1265; Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §§ 224(b), formerly § 224(c), 305, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2030, 2050; Pub. L. 99–570, title I, §§ 1005(b)(2), 1252, 1253, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–6, 3207–14; Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, § 6481, title VII, § 7001, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4382, 4387; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §§ 330003(e), 330009(d), 330014, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2141, 2143, 2146; Pub. L. 104–132, title I, § 108, title IX, § 903(b), Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1226, 1318; Pub. L. 109–177, title II, §§ 221, 222(c), title VII, § 733, Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 231, 232, 270.)

history & why it existsrecord from the source credit
  • 1970Enacted · Pub. L. 91-513 · 84 Stat. 1265
  • 1984Amended · Pub. L. 98-473 · 98 Stat. 2030, 2050
  • 1986Amended · Pub. L. 99-570 · 100 Stat. 3207
  • 1988Amended · Pub. L. 100-690 · 102 Stat. 4382, 4387
  • 1994Amended · Pub. L. 103-322 · 108 Stat. 2141, 2143, 2146
  • 1996Amended · Pub. L. 104-132 · 110 Stat. 1226, 1318
  • 2006Amended · Pub. L. 109-177 · 120 Stat. 231, 232, 270

A history note hasn’t been published yet. The record shows enactment by Pub. L. 91-513 on 1970-10-27.

all 0 arguments · sorted by: best

0/280

no arguments yet — make the first case