r/title-22-FOREIGN-RELATIONS-AND-INTERCOURSE wiki — defined terms

“monetary instruments” applies throughout its chapter

The term “monetary instruments” has the meaning given such term in section 5312(a) of title 31 . (11) North Korea

“North Korea” applies throughout its chapter

The term “North Korea” means the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. (12) North Korean financial institution

“North Korean financial institution” applies throughout its chapter

The term “North Korean financial institution” means any financial institution that— (A) is organized under the laws of North Korea or any jurisdiction within North Korea (including a foreign branch of such an institution); (B) is located in North Korea, except for a financial institution that is excluded by the President in accordance with section 9228(c) of this title ; (C) is owned or controlled by the Government of North Korea, regardless of location; or (D) is owned or controlled by a financial institution described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C), regardless of location. (13) North Korean person

“North Korean person” applies throughout its chapter

The term “North Korean person” means— (A) a North Korean citizen or national; or (B) an entity owned or controlled by the Government of North Korea or by a North Korean citizen or national. (14) Significant activities undermining cybersecurity

“significant activities undermining cybersecurity” applies throughout its chapter

The term “significant activities undermining cybersecurity” includes— (A) significant efforts to— (i) deny access to or degrade, disrupt, or destroy an information and communications technology system or network; or (ii) exfiltrate information from such a system or network without authorization; (B) significant destructive malware attacks; (C) significant denial of service activities; and (D) such other significant activities described in regulations promulgated to implement section 9214 of this title . (15) South Korea

“South Korea” applies throughout its chapter

The term “South Korea” means the Republic of Korea. (16) United States person

“United States person” applies throughout its chapter

The term “United States person” means— (A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States; or (B) an entity organized under the laws of the United States or of any jurisdiction within the United States, including a foreign branch of such an entity.

“correspondent account” applies in that section

The term “correspondent account” has the meaning given that term in section 5318A of title 31 . (2) United States financial institution

“foreign financial institution” applies in that section

The term “foreign financial institution” has the meaning given that term in section 1010.605 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on August 2, 2017 .

“United States financial institution” applies in that section

The term “United States financial institution” means 1 has the meaning given that term in section 510.310 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on August 2, 2017 . (3) Foreign financial institution

“account” applies in that section

The terms “account”, “correspondent account”, and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in section 5318A of title 31 . (2) Foreign financial institution

“correspondent account” applies in that section

The terms “account”, “correspondent account”, and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in section 5318A of title 31 . (2) Foreign financial institution

“foreign financial institution” applies in that section

The term “foreign financial institution” has the meaning given that term in section 510.309 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling). (3) Knowingly The term “knowingly”, with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or the result.

“good” applies in that section

the term “good” means any article, natural or manmade substance, material, supply or manufactured product, including inspection and test equipment, and excluding technical data. (f) Definitions In this section: (1) Account; correspondent account; payable-through account

“payable-through account” applies in that section

The terms “account”, “correspondent account”, and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in section 5318A of title 31 . (2) Foreign financial institution

“United States financial institution” applies in that section

the term “United States financial institution” has the meaning given the term “U.S. financial institution” in section 510.328 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling).

“executive agency” applies in that section

the term “executive agency” has the meaning given such term in section 133 of title 41 .

“appropriate Member of Congress” applies in that section

The term “appropriate Member of Congress” means— (A) the chairman or ranking member of the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives; or (B) the chairman or ranking member of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate. (2) Covered regulatory provision

“covered regulatory provision” applies in that section

The term “covered regulatory provision” means any of the following provisions, as in effect on the day before December 20, 2019 , and as such provisions relate to North Korea: (A) Part 743, 744, or 746 of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations. (B) Part 510 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations. (C) Any other provision of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations.

“good” applies in that section

the term “good” means any article, natural or manmade substance, material, supply or manufactured product, including inspection and test equipment, and excluding technical data.

“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its chapter

The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; (B) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate; (C) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; (D) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; (E) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives; and (F) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives. (2) Feed the Future Innovation Labs

“Feed the Future Innovation Labs” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Feed the Future Innovation Labs” means research partnerships led by United States universities that advance solutions to reduce global hunger, poverty, and malnutrition, including in response to shocks and stresses to food and nutrition security. (3) Food and nutrition security

“food and nutrition security” applies throughout its chapter

The term “food and nutrition security” means access to, and availability, utilization, and stability of, sufficient food to meet caloric and nutritional needs for an active and healthy life. (4) Food system

“food system” applies throughout its chapter

The term “food system” means the intact or whole unit made up of interrelated components of people, behaviors, relationships, and material goods that interact in the production, processing, packaging, transporting, trade, marketing, consumption, and use of food, feed, and fiber through aquaculture, farming, wild fisheries, forestry, and pastoralism that operates within and is influenced by social, political, economic, and environmental contexts. (5) Global Food Security Strategy

“Global Food Security Strategy” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Global Food Security Strategy” means the strategy developed and implemented pursuant to section 9304(a) of this title . (6) Key stakeholders

“key stakeholders” applies throughout its chapter

The term “key stakeholders” means actors engaged in efforts to advance global food security programs and objectives, including— (A) relevant Federal departments and agencies; (B) national and local governments in target countries; (C) other bilateral donors; (D) international and regional organizations; (E) international, regional, and local financial institutions; (F) international, regional, and local private voluntary, nongovernmental, faith-based, and civil society organizations; (G) the private sector, including agribusinesses and relevant commodities groups; (H) local agricultural producers, including farmer and fisher organizations, cooperatives, small-scale producers, youth, and …

“malnutrition” applies throughout its chapter

The term “malnutrition” means poor nutritional status caused by nutritional deficiency or excess. (8) Relevant Federal departments and agencies

“relevant Federal departments and agencies” applies throughout its chapter

The term “relevant Federal departments and agencies” means the United States Agency for International Development, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce, the Department of State, the Department of the Treasury, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, the United States International Development Finance Corporation, the Peace Corps, the Office of the United States Trade Representative, the United States African Development Foundation, the Inter-American Foundation, the United States Geological Survey, and any other department or agency specified by the President for purposes of this section. (9) Resilience

“resilience” applies in that section

The term “resilience” means the ability of people, households, communities, countries, and agriculture and food systems to mitigate, adapt to, and recover from shocks and stresses to food security, including global food catastrophes, in a manner that reduces chronic vulnerability and facilitates inclusive growth. (10) Small-scale producer

“small-scale producer” applies in that section

The term “small-scale producer” means farmers, pastoralists, foresters, and artisanal fishing communities that have a low asset base and limited resources, including land, capital, skills and labor, and, in the case of farmers, typically farm on fewer than 5 hectares of land.

“sustainable” applies in that section

The term “sustainable” means the ability of a target country, community, implementing partner, or intended beneficiary to maintain, over time, the programs authorized and outcomes achieved pursuant to this chapter. (13) Target country

“target country” applies in that section

The term “target country” means a developing country that is selected to participate in food and nutrition security and agriculture-led economic growth programs under the Global Food Security Strategy pursuant to the selection criteria described in section 9304(a)(2) of this title , including criteria such as the potential for agriculture-led economic growth, government commitment to agricultural investment and policy reform, opportunities for partnerships and regional synergies, the level of need, and resource availability. (14) Wasting

“wasting” applies in that section

The term “wasting” means— (A) a life-threatening condition attributable to poor nutrient intake or disease that is characterized by a rapid deterioration in nutritional status over a short period of time; and (B) in the case of children, is characterized by low weight for height and weakened immunity, increasing their risk of death due to greater frequency and severity of common infection, particularly when severe.

“act of international terrorism” applies throughout its chapter

The term “act of international terrorism” has the meaning given that term in section 14 of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 ( Public Law 104–172 ; 50 U.S.C. 1701 note). (2) Appropriate congressional committees

“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its chapter

The term “appropriate congressional committees” has the meaning given that term in section 14 of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 ( Public Law 104–172 ; 50 U.S.C. 1701 note). (3) Foreign person

“foreign person” applies throughout its chapter

The term “foreign person” means a person that is not a United States person. (4) Iranian person

“Iranian person” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Iranian person” means— (A) an individual who is a citizen or national of Iran; or (B) an entity organized under the laws of Iran or otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of the Government of Iran. (5) IRGC

“IRGC” applies throughout its chapter

The term “IRGC” means Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. (6) Knowingly

“knowingly” applies throughout its chapter

The term “knowingly” has the meaning given that term in section 14 of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 ( Public Law 104–172 ; 50 U.S.C. 1701 note). (7) United States person

“United States person” applies throughout its chapter

The term “United States person” means— (A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States; or (B) an entity organized under the laws of the United States or of any jurisdiction within the United States, including a foreign branch of such an entity.

“appropriate congressional committees and leadership” applies in that section

the term “appropriate congressional committees and leadership” means— (1) the Committee on Finance, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the majority and minority leaders of the Senate; and (2) the Committee on Ways and Means, the Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Speaker, the majority leader, and the minority leader of the House of Representatives.

“state sponsor of terrorism” applies in that section

the term “state sponsor of terrorism” means a country the government of which the Secretary of State has determined to be a government that has repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism for purposes of— (1) section 4605(j)(1)(A) 1 of title 50 (as continued in effect pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)); (2) section 2371(a) of this title ; (3) section 2780(d) of this title ; or (4) any other provision of law.

“appropriate congressional committees and leadership” applies in that section

the term “appropriate congressional committees and leadership” means— (1) the Committee on Finance, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the majority and minority leaders of the Senate; and (2) the Committee on Ways and Means, the Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Speaker, the majority leader, and the minority leader of the House of Representatives.

“agricultural commodity” applies in that section

The term “agricultural commodity” has the meaning given that term in section 5602 of title 7 . (2) Good

“good” applies in that section

The term “good” has the meaning given that term in section 4618 1 of title 50 (as continued in effect pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)). (3) Medical device

“medical device” applies in that section

The term “medical device” has the meaning given the term “device” in section 321 of title 21 . (4) Medicine

“medicine” applies in that section

The term “medicine” has the meaning given the term “drug” in section 321 of title 21 .

“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its chapter

The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Financial Services, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives; and (B) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on the Judiciary, and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate. (2) Foreign person

“covered technology” applies throughout its chapter

The term “covered technology” means— (A) any goods, technology, software, or related material specified in the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex, as in effect on the day before April 24, 2024 ; and (B) any additional goods, technology, software, or related material added to the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex after the day before April 24, 2024 . (7) Family member

“family member” applies throughout its chapter

The term “family member” means— (A) a child, grandchild, parent, grandparent, sibling, or spouse; and (B) any spouse, widow, or widower of an individual described in subparagraph (A). (8) Knowingly

“foreign person” applies throughout its chapter

The term “foreign person”— (A) means an individual or entity that is not a United States person; and (B) includes a foreign state (as such term is defined in section 1603 of title 28 ). (3) Government of Iran

“Government of Iran” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Government of Iran” has the meaning given such term in section 560.304 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations, as such section was in effect on January 1, 2021 . (4) United States person

“Iran-aligned entity” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Iran-aligned entity” means a foreign person that— (A) is controlled or significantly influenced by the Government of Iran; and (B) knowingly receives material or financial support from the Government of Iran, including Hezbollah, the Houthis, or any other proxy group that furthers Iran’s national security objectives. (6) Covered technology

“knowingly” applies throughout its chapter

The term “knowingly” has the meaning given that term in section 14 of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 note). (9) Missile Technology Control Regime

“Missile Technology Control Regime” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Missile Technology Control Regime” means the policy statement, between the United States, the United Kingdom, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Canada, and Japan, announced on April 16, 1987 , to restrict sensitive missile-relevant transfers based on the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex, and any amendments thereto or expansions thereof, as in effect on the day before April 24, 2024 . (10) Missile Technology Control Regime Annex

“Missile Technology Control Regime Annex” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Missile Technology Control Regime Annex” means the Guidelines and Equipment and Technology Annex of the Missile Technology Control Regime, and any amendments thereto or updates thereof, as in effect on the day before April 24, 2024 .

“United States person” applies throughout its chapter

The terms “United States person” means— (A) a United States citizen; (B) a permanent resident alien of the United States; (C) an entity organized under the laws of the United States or of any jurisdiction within the United States, including a foreign branch of such an entity; or (D) a person in the United States. (5) Iran-aligned entity

“appropriate congressional committees and leadership” applies in that section

the term “appropriate congressional committees and leadership” means— (1) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the majority and minority leaders of the Senate; and (2) the Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Speaker, the majority leader, and the minority leader of the House of Representatives.

“joint resolution of approval” applies in that section

The term “joint resolution of approval” means only a joint resolution of either House of Congress— (A) the title of which is as follows: “A joint resolution approving the President’s proposal to take an action relating to the application of certain sanctions with respect to the Russian Federation.”; and (B) the sole matter after the resolving clause of which is the following: “Congress approves of the action relating to the application of sanctions imposed with respect to the Russian Federation proposed by the President in the report submitted to Congress under section 216(a)(1) of the Russia Sanctions Review Act of 2017 2 on ___ relating to ___.”, with the first blank space being filled …

“joint resolution of disapproval” applies in that section

The term “joint resolution of disapproval” means only a joint resolution of either House of Congress— (A) the title of which is as follows: “A joint resolution disapproving the President’s proposal to take an action relating to the application of certain sanctions with respect to the Russian Federation.”; and (B) the sole matter after the resolving clause of which is the following: “Congress disapproves of the action relating to the application of sanctions imposed with respect to the Russian Federation proposed by the President in the report submitted to Congress under section 216(a)(1) of the Russia Sanctions Review Act of 2017 2 on ___ relating to ___.”, with the first blank space being …

“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its part

The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Committee on Finance of the Senate; and (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Financial Services, and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives. (2) Good

“good” applies throughout its part

The term “good” has the meaning given that term in section 4618 1 of title 50 (as continued in effect pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)). (3) International financial institution

“international financial institution” applies throughout its part

The term “international financial institution” has the meaning given that term in section 262r(c) of this title . (4) Knowingly The term “knowingly”, with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or the result. (5) Person

“person” applies throughout its part

The term “person” means an individual or entity. (6) United States person

“United States person” applies throughout its part

The term “United States person” means— (A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States; or (B) an entity organized under the laws of the United States or of any jurisdiction within the United States, including a foreign branch of such an entity.

“significant activities undermining cybersecurity” applies in that section

the term “significant activities undermining cybersecurity” includes— (1) significant efforts— (A) to deny access to or degrade, disrupt, or destroy an information and communications technology system or network; or (B) to exfiltrate, degrade, corrupt, destroy, or release information from such a system or network without authorization for purposes of— (i) conducting influence operations; or (ii) causing a significant misappropriation of funds, economic resources, trade secrets, personal identifications, or financial information for commercial or competitive advantage or private financial gain; (2) significant destructive malware attacks; and (3) significant denial of service activities.

“financial, material, or technological support” applies in that section

The term “financial, material, or technological support” has the meaning given such term in section 542.304 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling). (2) Foreign person

“foreign person” applies in that section

The term “foreign person” has the meaning given such term in section 594.304 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling). (3) Syria

“Syria” applies in that section

The term “Syria” has the meaning given such term in section 542.316 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling).

“sanctioned person” applies in that section

the term “sanctioned person” means a person subject to sanctions under section 9524(a)(2), 9525(b), 9526(a), or 9527(a) of this title.

“appropriate congressional committees and leadership” applies in that section

The term “appropriate congressional committees and leadership” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on Appropriations, the Select Committee on Intelligence, and the majority and minority leaders of the Senate; and (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Homeland Security, the Committee on Appropriations, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, and the Speaker, the majority leader, and the minority leader of the House of …

“Russian person” applies in that section

The term “Russian person” means— (A) an individual who is a citizen or national of the Russian Federation; or (B) an entity organized under the laws of the Russian Federation or otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of the Government of the Russian Federation.

“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section

the term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (i) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and (ii) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives. (c) Supporting efforts of countries in Europe and Eurasia to decrease their dependence on Russian sources of energy (1) Findings Congress makes the following findings: (A) The Government of the Russian Federation uses its strong position in the energy sector as leverage to manipulate the internal politics and foreign relations of the countries of Europe and Eurasia.

“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Homeland Security, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.

“early-stage project support” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “early-stage project support” includes— (A) feasibility studies; (B) resource evaluations; (C) project appraisal and costing; (D) pilot projects; (E) commercial support, such as trade missions, reverse trade missions, technical workshops, international buyer programs, and international partner searchers to link suppliers to projects; (F) technical assistance and other guidance to improve the local regulatory environment and market frameworks to encourage transparent competition and enhance energy security; and (G) long-term energy sector planning. (2) Late-stage project support

“late-stage project support” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “late-stage project support” includes debt financing, insurance, and transaction advisory services.

“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its chapter

The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives. (3) Country of concern

“country of concern” applies throughout its chapter

The term “country of concern” means any of the following countries: (A) The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. (B) The Republic of Cuba. (C) The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. (D) The Islamic Republic of Iran. (E) The People’s Republic of China. (F) The Russian Federation. (G) The Republic of Belarus. (4) High-income country The term “high-income country”, with respect to a fiscal year for the Corporation, means a country with a high-income economy (as defined by the World Bank) at the start of such fiscal year but does not include any wealthy country except to the extent investments in such wealthy country are permitted pursuant to section 9612(f) of this title .

“predecessor authority” applies throughout its chapter

The term “predecessor authority” means authorities repealed by subchapter VI of this chapter. (7) Qualifying sovereign entity

“qualifying sovereign entity” applies throughout its chapter

The term “qualifying sovereign entity” means— (A) any agency or instrumentality of a foreign state (as defined in section 1603 of title 28 ) that has a purpose that is similar to the purpose of the Corporation as described in section 9612(b) of this title ; or (B) any international financial institution (as defined in section 262r(c) of this title ).

“project-specific transaction costs” applies in that section

the term “project-specific transaction costs”— (1) means those costs incurred by the Corporation for travel, legal expenses, and direct and indirect costs incurred in claims settlements associated with the provision of support under subchapter II of this chapter and shall not be considered administrative expenses for the purposes of this section; and (2) does not include information technology (as such term is defined in section 11101 of title 40 ).

“state-owned enterprise” applies in that section

The term “state-owned enterprise” means any enterprise established for a commercial or business purpose that is directly owned or controlled by one or more governments, including any agency, instrumentality, subdivision, or other unit of government at any level of jurisdiction.

“United States person” applies in that section

the term “United States person” means— (A) a United States citizen; or (B) an entity owned or controlled by an individual or individuals described in subparagraph (A). (c) Preference for support in countries in compliance with international trade obligations (1) Consultations with United States Trade Representative Not less frequently than annually, the Corporation shall consult with the United States Trade Representative with respect to the status of countries eligible to receive support from the Corporation under subchapter II of this chapter and the compliance of those countries with their international trade obligations.

“agency” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “agency” includes any entity, organizational unit, program, or function. (2) Transition period

“transition period” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “transition period” means the period— (A) beginning on October 5, 2018 ; and (B) ending on the effective date of the reorganization plan required by section 9682(e) of this title .

“completed administrative action” applies in that section

the term “completed administrative action” includes orders, determinations, rules, regulations, personnel actions, permits, agreements, grants, contracts, certificates, policies, licenses, registrations, and privileges.

“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section

the term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; (2) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; (3) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and (4) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section

the term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives. (2) Threat assessment Not later than 120 days after December 20, 2019 , the Secretary of State shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees regarding— (A) an assessment of Russian-Venezuelan security cooperation; (B) the potential threat such cooperation poses to the United States and countries in the Western Hemisphere; and (C) a strategy to counter threats identified in subparagraphs (A) and (B).

“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section

The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; (B) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; (C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and (D) the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives. (2) Covered article or service

“covered article or service” applies in that section

The term “covered article or service”— (A) for purposes of subsection (c), means— (i) a defense article or defense service (as such terms are defined in section 2794 of this title ); and (ii) any article included on the Commerce Control List set forth in Supplement No.

“foreign person” applies in that section

The term “foreign person” means a person that is not a United States person. (4) Person

“person” applies in that section

The term “person” means an individual or entity. (5) Security forces of Venezuela

“security forces of Venezuela” applies in that section

The term “security forces of Venezuela” includes— (A) the Bolivarian National Armed Forces, including the Bolivarian National Guard; (B) the Bolivarian National Intelligence Service; (C) the Bolivarian National Police; and (D) the Bureau for Scientific, Criminal and Forensic Investigations of the Ministry of Interior, Justice, and Peace. (6) United States person

“United States person” applies in that section

The term “United States person” means— (A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States; or (B) an entity organized under the laws of the United States or of any jurisdiction within the United States, including a foreign branch of such an entity. (c) Restriction on export of covered articles and services to certain security forces of Venezuela (1) In general Notwithstanding any other provision of law, covered articles or services may not be exported from the United States to any element of the security forces of the Maduro regime.

“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its chapter

The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives. (2) Relevant Federal department or agency

“relevant Federal department or agency” applies throughout its chapter

The term “relevant Federal department or agency” means the Department of State, the United States Agency for International Development, the Department of Defense, the Department of 1 Treasury, and any other Federal department or agency the President determines is relevant to carry out the purposes of this chapter.

“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its chapter

The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; (B) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; (C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and (D) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives. (2) International financial institutions

“international financial institutions” applies throughout its chapter

The term “international financial institutions” means— (A) the International Monetary Fund; (B) the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development; (C) the International Development Association; (D) the International Finance Corporation; (E) the Inter-American Development Bank; (F) the Asian Development Bank; (G) the Inter-American Investment Corporation; (H) the African Development Bank; (I) the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; (J) the Multilateral Investment Guaranty Agency; and (K) any multilateral financial institution, established after January 1, 2021 , that could provide financial assistance to the Government of Sudan. (3) Sovereignty Council

“Sovereignty Council” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Sovereignty Council” means the governing body of Sudan during the transitional period that consists of— (A) 5 civilians selected by the Forces of Freedom and Change; (B) 5 members selected by the Transitional Military Council; and (C) 1 member selected by agreement between the Forces of Freedom and Change and the Transitional Military Council. (4) Sudanese security and intelligence services

“Sudanese security and intelligence services” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Sudanese security and intelligence services” means— (A) the Sudan Armed Forces; (B) the Rapid Support Forces, 1 (C) Sudan’s Popular Defense Forces and other paramilitary units; (D) Sudan’s police forces; (E) the General Intelligence Service, previously known as the National Intelligence and Security Services; and (F) related entities, such as Sudan’s Military Industry Corporation. (5) Transitional period

“transitional period” applies throughout its chapter

The term “transitional period” means the 39-month period beginning on August 17, 2019 (the date of the signing of Sudan’s constitutional charter), during which— (A) the members of the Sovereignty Council described in paragraph (3)(B) select a chair of the Council for the first 21 months of the period; and (B) the members of the Sovereignty Council described in paragraph (3)(A) select a chair of the Council for the remaining 18 months of the period.

“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section

the term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; (2) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; (3) Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; (4) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and (5) the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives.

“foreign person” applies throughout its chapter

The term “foreign person” has the meaning given that term in section 595.304 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the day before December 23, 2016 ). (2) Gross violations of internationally recognized human rights

“gross violations of internationally recognized human rights” applies throughout its chapter

The term “gross violations of internationally recognized human rights” has the meaning given that term in section 2304(d)(1) of this title . (3) Person

“person” applies throughout its chapter

The term “person” has the meaning given that term in section 591.308 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the day before December 23, 2016 ). (4) United States person

“United States person” applies throughout its chapter

The term “United States person” has the meaning given that term in section 595.315 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the day before December 23, 2016 ).

“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section

the term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (1) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and (2) the Committee on Financial Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.

“good” applies in that section

the term “good” has the meaning given that term in section 16 1 of the Export Administration Act of 1979 ( 50 U.S.C. 4618 ) (as continued in effect pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)). (c) Consideration of certain information in imposing sanctions In determining whether to impose sanctions under subsection (a), the President shall consider— (1) information provided jointly by the chairperson and ranking member of each of the appropriate congressional committees; and (2) credible information obtained by other countries and nongovernmental organizations that monitor violations of human rights.

“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section

the term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (1) the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate; and (2) the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives.

“Burmese military” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Burmese military”— (A) means the Armed Forces of Burma, including the army, navy, and air force; and (B) includes security services under the control of the Armed Forces of Burma, such as the police and border guards. (2) Executive Order 14014

“Executive Order 14014” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Executive Order 14014” means Executive Order 14014 (86 Fed. Reg. 9429; relating to blocking property with respect to the situation in Burma). (3) Genocide

“genocide” applies throughout its chapter

The term “genocide” means any offense described in section 1091(a) of title 18 . (4) War crime

“war crime” applies throughout its chapter

The term “war crime” has the meaning given the term in section 2441(c) of title 18 .

“admitted” applies throughout its subchapter

The terms “admitted” and “alien” have the meanings given those terms in section 1101 of title 8 . (2) Appropriate congressional committees

“alien” applies throughout its subchapter

The terms “admitted” and “alien” have the meanings given those terms in section 1101 of title 8 . (2) Appropriate congressional committees

“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; and (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives. (3) Correspondent account; payable-through account

“correspondent account” applies throughout its subchapter

The terms “correspondent account” and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in section 5318A of title 31 . (4) Foreign financial institution

“foreign financial institution” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “foreign financial institution” has the meaning of that term as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury by regulation. (5) Foreign person

“foreign person” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “foreign person” means a person that is not a United States person. (6) Knowingly The term “knowingly”, with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or the result. (7) Person

“payable-through account” applies throughout its subchapter

The terms “correspondent account” and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in section 5318A of title 31 . (4) Foreign financial institution

“person” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “person” means an individual or entity. (8) Support The term “support”, with respect to the Burmese military, means to knowingly have materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services to or in support of the Burmese military. (9) United States person

“United States person” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “United States person” means— (A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence; (B) an entity organized under the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States, including a foreign branch of such an entity; or (C) any person in the United States.

“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

“good” applies in that section

the term “good” means any article, natural or man-made substance, material, supply, or manufactured product, including inspection and test equipment, and excluding technical data.

“bug bounty program” applies in that section

The term “bug bounty program” means a program under which an approved individual, organization, or company is temporarily authorized to identify and report vulnerabilities of internet-facing information technology of the Department in exchange for compensation. (2) Information technology

“information technology” applies in that section

The term “information technology” has the meaning given such term in section 11101 of title 40 . (b) Vulnerability Disclosure Policy (1) In general Not later than 180 days after December 23, 2022 , the Secretary shall design, establish, and make publicly known a Vulnerability Disclosure Policy (referred to in this section as the “VDP”) to improve Department cybersecurity by— (A) creating Department policy and infrastructure to receive reports of and remediate discovered vulnerabilities in line with existing policies of the Office of Management and Budget and the Department of Homeland Security Binding Operational Directive 20–01 or any subsequent directive; and (B) providing a report on …

“appropriate committees of Congress” applies in that section

the term “appropriate committees of Congress” means— (A) the appropriate congressional committees; (B) the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and (C) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on Oversight and Accountability of the House of Representatives.

“at-risk personnel” applies in that section

The term “at-risk personnel” means personnel of the Department— (A) whom the Secretary determines to be highly vulnerable to cyber attacks and hostile information collection activities because of their positions in the Department; and (B) whose personal technology devices or personal accounts are highly vulnerable to cyber attacks and hostile information collection activities. (2) Personal accounts

“personal accounts” applies in that section

The term “personal accounts” means accounts for online and telecommunications services, including telephone, residential internet access, email, text and multimedia messaging, cloud computing, social media, health care, and financial services, used by Department personnel outside of the scope of their employment with the Department. (3) Personal technology devices

“personal technology devices” applies in that section

The term “personal technology devices” means technology devices used by personnel of the Department outside of the scope of their employment with the Department, including networks to which such devices connect. (b) Requirement to provide cyber protection support The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Director of National Intelligence, as appropriate— (1) shall offer cyber protection support for the personal technology devices and personal accounts of at-risk personnel; and (2) may provide the support described in paragraph (1) to any Department personnel who request such support.

“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section

the term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and (2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.

“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its chapter

the term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate; and (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives. (2) AUKUS partnership (A) In general

“AUKUS partnership” applies throughout its chapter

The term “AUKUS partnership” means the enhanced trilateral security partnership between Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States announced in September 2021. (B) Pillars The AUKUS partnership includes the following two pillars: (i) Pillar One is focused on developing a pathway for Australia to acquire conventionally armed, nuclear-powered submarines. (ii) Pillar Two is focused on enhancing trilateral collaboration on advanced defense capabilities, including hypersonic and counter hypersonic capabilities, quantum technologies, undersea technologies, and artificial intelligence. (3) International Traffic in Arms Regulations

“International Traffic in Arms Regulations” applies throughout its chapter

The term “International Traffic in Arms Regulations” means subchapter M of chapter I of title 22, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations).

“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section

the term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and (2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.

“contemporaneously and in conjunction with” applies in that section

the term “contemporaneously and in conjunction with”— (i) shall be construed liberally; and (ii) may not be interpreted to require any action to have occurred simultaneously or on the same day. (b) Report on AUKUS partnership (1) In general Not later than one year after December 22, 2023 , and biennially thereafter, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense and other appropriate heads of agencies, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the AUKUS partnership.

“appropriate congressional committees and leadership” applies throughout its chapter

the term “appropriate congressional committees and leadership” means— (1) the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and (2) the majority leader of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.

“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its chapter

The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate; and (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Financial Services, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives.;

“corrupt actor” applies throughout its chapter

The term “corrupt actor” means— (A) any foreign person or entity that is a government official or government entity responsible for, or complicit in, an act of corruption; and (B) any company, in which a person or entity described in subparagraph (A) has a significant stake, which is responsible for, or complicit in, an act of corruption.;

“corruption” applies throughout its chapter

The term “corruption” means the unlawful exercise of entrusted public power for private gain, including by bribery, nepotism, fraud, or embezzlement.;

“significant corruption” applies throughout its chapter

The term “significant corruption” means corruption committed at a high level of government that has some or all of the following characteristics: (A) Illegitimately distorts major decision-making, such as policy or resource determinations, or other fundamental functions of governance. (B) Involves economically or socially large-scale government activities.

“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its chapter

The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; (B) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; (C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and (D) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.;

“Board” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Board” means the Board of Directors established pursuant to section 10603(b) of this title .;

“eligible country” applies throughout its chapter

The term “eligible country” means any country described in section 10606(b) of this title .;

“eligible project” applies throughout its chapter

The term “eligible project” means any project described in section 10606(a)(3) of this title .;

“Executive Director” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Executive Director” means the Executive Director of the Foundation hired pursuant to section 10603 of this title .;

“Foundation” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Foundation” means the United States Foundation for Natural Security and Counterterrorism established pursuant to section 10602(a) of this title .;

“Secretary” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of State.

“appropriate committees of Congress” applies in that section

The term “appropriate committees of Congress” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; (B) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; (C) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; (D) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; (E) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and (F) the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives. (2) ICT

“ICT” applies in that section

The term “ICT” means information and communication technology. (3) Western Balkans