29 U.S.C. § 1451 — Civil actions

(a) (1) A plan fiduciary, employer, participant, or beneficiary adversely affected by a party’s act or omission under this subtitle concerning a multiemployer plan may sue for appropriate legal or equitable relief, or both. An employee organization representing such a participant or beneficiary for collective bargaining may also sue. (2) This section does not authorize a suit against the Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of Labor, or the corporation. (b) In a suit requiring an employer to pay withdrawal liability, failing to make a required payment on time is treated like a delinquent contribution under section 1145. (c) Federal district courts have exclusive jurisdiction without regard to the amount in dispute. State courts with proper jurisdiction share jurisdiction over a plan fiduciary’s action to collect withdrawal liability. (d) The action may be filed where the plan is administered or where a defendant lives or does business. Process may be served in any district where a defendant lives, does business, or can be found. (e) The court may award all or part of the action’s costs and expenses, including reasonable attorney fees, to the prevailing party. (f) The action must be filed by the later of six years after the claim arose or three years after the earliest date the plaintiff actually knew or should have known about it. For fraud or concealment, it may be filed no later than six years after discovery. (g) A complaint under this section or section 1401 must be served on the corporation by certified mail. The corporation may intervene.