r/title-7-AGRICULTURE wiki — defined terms
The statute’s own glossary: every term Title 7 defines, in section order.
“rural area” applies in that section
The term “rural area” has the meaning given the term in section 950bb(b)(3)(A) of this title . (b) Establishment The Secretary shall establish a program, to be known as the “Community Connect Grant Program”, to provide grants to eligible entities to finance broadband transmission in rural areas.
“Assistant Secretary” applies in that section
The term “Assistant Secretary” means the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Communications and Information. (2) Commission
“Commission” applies in that section
The term “Commission” means the Federal Communications Commission. (3) Rural area
“rural area” applies in that section
The term “rural area” has the meaning given the term in section 950bb(b)(3) of this title .
“person” applies throughout its chapter
The term “person” includes individuals, partnerships, corporations, and associations;
“Secretary” applies throughout its chapter
The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Agriculture.
“aquaculture” applies in that section
the term “aquaculture” means the culture or husbandry of aquatic animals or plants. Loans to State and local public agencies and to local nonprofit organizations shall be made only if such plans have been submitted to, and not disapproved within 45 days by, the State agency having supervisory responsibility over such plans, or by the Governor if there is no such State agency. No appropriation shall be made for any single loan under this subsection in excess of $500,000 unless such loan has been approved by resolutions adopted by the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives.
“agricultural products” applies in that section
the term “agricultural products” shall include meat, poultry, vegetables, fruits and all other agricultural commodities in raw or processed form, except forestry products or fish or fishery products. (d) Implementation of policies to encourage full production in periods of short supply at fair and reasonable prices The Secretary of Agriculture is directed to implement policies under this Act which are designed to encourage American farmers to produce to their full capabilities during periods of short supply to assure American consumers with an adequate supply of food and fiber at fair and reasonable prices.
“affect interstate and foreign commerce” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “affect interstate and foreign commerce” means, among other things, in such commerce, or to burden or obstruct such commerce or the free and orderly flow thereof; or to create or tend to create a surplus of any agricultural commodity which burdens or obstructs such commerce or the free and orderly flow thereof.;
“corn” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “corn” means field corn. (b) Definitions applicable to one or more commodities For the purposes of this subchapter— (1) (A) “Actual production” as applied to any acreage of corn means the number of bushels of corn which the local committee determines would be harvested as grain from such acreage if all the corn on such acreage were so harvested.
“Department” applies throughout its subchapter
the term “Department” means the Department of Agriculture.;
“interstate and foreign commerce” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “interstate and foreign commerce” means sale, marketing, trade, and traffic between any State or Territory or the District of Columbia or Puerto Rico, and any place outside thereof; or between points within the same State or Territory or within the District of Columbia or Puerto Rico, through any place outside thereof; or within any Territory or within the District of Columbia or Puerto Rico.;
“person” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “person” means an individual, partnership, firm, joint-stock company, corporation, association, trust, estate, or any agency of a State.;
“prices” applies throughout its subchapter
the term “prices” shall include wartime subsidy payments made to producers under programs designed to maintain maximum prices established under the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942. (C) The “parity index”, as of any date, shall be the ratio of (i) the general level of prices for articles and services that farmers buy, wages paid hired farm labor, interest on farm indebtedness secured by farm real estate, and taxes on farm real estate, for the calendar month ending last before such date to (ii) the general level of such prices, wages, rates, and taxes during the period January 1910 to December 1914, inclusive.
“Secretary” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Agriculture, and
“State” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “State” includes a Territory and the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.;
“United States” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “United States” means the several States and Territories and the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.;
“cash rent tenant” applies in that section
the term “cash rent tenant” means a person or legal entity that rents land— (i) for cash; or (ii) for a crop share guaranteed as to the amount of the commodity to be paid in rent. (B) Restriction A cash rent tenant who makes a significant contribution of active personal management, but not of personal labor, with respect to a farming operation shall be eligible to receive a payment described in subsection (b) or (c) only if the tenant makes a significant contribution of equipment to the farming operation.
“covered commodity” applies in that section
The term “covered commodity” has the meaning given that term in section 1111 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9011 ). (2) Family member
“family member” applies in that section
The term “family member” means a person to whom a member in the farming operation is related as lineal ancestor, lineal descendant, sibling, first cousin, niece, nephew, spouse, or otherwise by marriage. (3) Legal entity
“legal entity” applies in that section
The term “legal entity” means an entity that is created under Federal or State law and that— (A) owns land or an agricultural commodity; or (B) produces an agricultural commodity. (4) Person
“person” applies in that section
The term “person” means a natural person, and does not include a legal entity. (5) Qualified pass-through entity
“qualified pass-through entity” applies in that section
The term “qualified pass-through entity” means— (A) a partnership (within the meaning of subchapter K of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [ 26 U.S.C. 701 et seq.]); (B) an S corporation (as defined in section 1361 of that Code); (C) a limited liability company that does not affirmatively elect to be treated as a corporation; and (D) a joint venture or general partnership. (6) Secretary
“Secretary” applies in that section
The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Agriculture. (b) Limitation on payments for covered commodities (other than peanuts) Subject to subsection (i), the total amount of payments received, directly or indirectly, by a person or legal entity (except a qualified pass-through entity) for any crop year under sections 1116 and 1117 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9016 , 9017) (other than for peanuts) may not exceed $155,000.
“excepted payment or benefit” applies in that section
The term “excepted payment or benefit” means— (I) a payment or benefit under subtitle E of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9081 et seq.); (II) a payment or benefit under section 7333 of this title ; and (III) a payment or benefit described in paragraph (2)(C) received on or after October 1, 2024 . (ii) Farming, ranching, or silviculture activities
“farming, ranching, or silviculture activities” applies in that section
The term “farming, ranching, or silviculture activities” includes agri-tourism, direct-to-consumer marketing of agricultural products, the sale of agricultural equipment owned by the person or legal entity, and other agriculture-related activities, as determined by the Secretary. (B) Exception In the case of an excepted payment or benefit, the limitation established by paragraph (1) shall not apply to a person or legal entity during a crop, fiscal, or program year, as appropriate, if greater than or equal to 75 percent of the average gross income of the person or legal entity derives from farming, ranching, or silviculture activities.
“commodity” applies in that section
the term “commodity” shall include any of the following: wheat, corn, grain sorghum, soybeans, oats, rye, barley, rice, flaxseed, and cotton.
“durum wheat” applies in that section
the term “durum wheat” means durum wheat (class II) other than the varieties known as “Golden Ball” and “Peliss”. Any farm receiving an increased allotment under this subsection shall not be required as a condition of eligibility for price support, or permitted, to participate in the special 1962 wheat program formulated under section 124 of the Agricultural Act of 1961, or section 307 of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1962. The Secretary shall give growers and millers of durum wheat and manufacturers of semolina products an opportunity to present their views and recommendations, prior to making any determination hereunder.
“mainland State” applies throughout its subpart
The term “mainland State” means a State other than an offshore State. (3) Market (A) In general
“market” applies throughout its subpart
The term “market” means to sell or otherwise dispose of in commerce in the United States. (B) Inclusions
“offshore State” applies throughout its subpart
The term “offshore State” means a sugarcane producing State located outside of the continental United States. (5) State Notwithstanding section 1301 of this title ,
“State” applies throughout its subpart
the term “State” means— (A) a State; (B) the District of Columbia; and (C) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. (6) United States The term “United States”, when used in a geographical sense, means all of the States.
“new entrant” applies in that section
the term “new entrant” means an individual, corporation, or other entity that— (aa) does not have an allocation of the beet sugar allotment under this subpart; (bb) is not affiliated with any other individual, corporation, or entity that has an allocation of beet sugar under this subpart (referred to in this clause as a “third party”); and (cc) will process sugar beets produced by sugar beet growers under contract with the new entrant for the production of sugar at the new or re-opened factory that is the basis for the new entrant allocation.
“seed” applies in that section
the term “seed” means only those varieties of seed that are dedicated to the production of sugarcane from which is produced sugar for human consumption. (B) Exclusion The term “seed” does not include seed of a high-fiber cane variety dedicated to other uses, as determined by the Secretary. (2) In general (A) States affected In any case in which a State allotment is established under section 1359cc(f) of this title and there are in excess of 250 sugarcane producers in the State (other than Puerto Rico), the Secretary shall make a determination under subparagraph (B).
“domestic sugar industry” applies in that section
the term “domestic sugar industry” means domestic— (A) sugar beet producers and processors; (B) producers and processors of sugar cane; and (C) refiners of raw cane sugar. (2) Study required (A) In general Not later than 180 days after July 4, 2025 , the Secretary shall conduct a study on whether the establishment of additional terms and conditions with respect to refined sugar imports is necessary and appropriate.
“food products” applies throughout its part
the term “food products” means flour (excluding flour second clears not used for human consumption as determined by the Secretary), semolina, farina, bulgur, beverage, and any other product composed wholly or partly of wheat which the Secretary may determine to be a food product. The Secretary may at his election administer the exemption for wheat processed into flour second clears through refunds either to processors of such wheat or to the users of such clears.
“eligible commodities” applies in that section
the term “eligible commodities” means— (A) dairy products, wheat, rice, feed grains, and oilseeds acquired by the Commodity Credit Corporation through price support operations, and the products thereof, that the Secretary determines meet the criteria specified in subsection (a); and (B) such other edible agricultural commodities as may be acquired by the Secretary or the Commodity Credit Corporation in the normal course of operations and that are available for disposition under this subsection, except that no such commodities may be acquired for the purpose of their use under this subsection.
“State” applies in that section
the terms “State” and “United States” include the District of Columbia and any Territory or possession of the United States. Dairy products acquired by the Commodity Credit Corporation through price support operations may, insofar as they can be used in the United States in nonprofit school lunch and other nonprofit child feeding programs, in the assistance of needy persons, and in charitable institutions, including hospitals, to the extent that needy persons are served, be donated for any such use prior to any other use or disposition.
“United States” applies in that section
the terms “State” and “United States” include the District of Columbia and any Territory or possession of the United States. Dairy products acquired by the Commodity Credit Corporation through price support operations may, insofar as they can be used in the United States in nonprofit school lunch and other nonprofit child feeding programs, in the assistance of needy persons, and in charitable institutions, including hospitals, to the extent that needy persons are served, be donated for any such use prior to any other use or disposition.
“sanitary container” applies in that section
The term “sanitary container” means any container of such material and construction as (1) will not permit the infiltration of foreign matter into the contents of such container under ordinary conditions of shipping and handling, and (2) will not, for a period of at least one year, disintegrate so as to contaminate the contents of the container, necessitating the washing of the contents prior to use.
“member of the family of the producer” applies in that section
The term “member of the family of the producer” means (i) an ancestor of the producer, (ii) the spouse of the producer, (iii) a lineal descendant of the producer, or the producer’s spouse, or a parent of the producer, or (iv) the spouse of any such lineal descendant. (E) Application for payment shall be made by producers through the county committees established under section 590h(b) of title 16 . (F) to (J) Repealed. Pub. L. 99–198, title I, § 101(b)(1) , (2), Dec. 23, 1985 , 99 Stat. 1363 , 1365. (K) Redesignated (E). (L) Repealed. Pub. L. 99–198, title I, § 101(b)(2) , Dec. 23, 1985 , 99 Stat. 1365 .
“area” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “area” includes any Indian reservation (as defined in section 1985(e)(1)(D)(ii) 2 of this title).
“livestock” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “livestock” means cattle, elk, reindeer, bison, horses, deer, sheep, goats, swine, poultry (including egg-producing poultry), llamas, alpacas, live fish, crawfish, and other animals that— (A) are part of a foundation herd (including producing dairy cattle) or offspring; or (B) are purchased as part of a normal operation and not to obtain additional benefits under this subchapter.;
“livestock producer” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “livestock producer” means— (A) a person that is actively engaged in farming and that receives a substantial amount of total income from the production of grain or livestock, as determined by the Secretary, that is— (i) an established producer or husbander of livestock or a dairy producer who is a citizen of, or legal resident alien in, the United States; or (ii) a farm cooperative, private domestic corporation, partnership, or joint operation in which a majority interest is held by members, stockholders, or partners who are citizens of, or legal resident aliens in, the United States, if such cooperative, corporation, partnership, or joint operation is engaged in livestock …
“State” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “State” means any State of the United States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, or Guam. (4) The term “feed”, for the purposes of emergency feed assistance, means any type of feed (including feed grain, oilseed meal, premix or mixed feed, liquid or dry supplemental feed, roughage, pasture, or forage) that— (A) best suits the livestock producer’s operation; and (B) is consistent with acceptable feed practices.;
“person” applies in that section
the term “person” shall include, in the case of any cooperative association of producers, each member of the association with respect to benefits due to such member of the association. (c) Receipt of other disaster payments No person may receive benefits under this subchapter attributable to lost production of a feed commodity due to a natural disaster in 1988 to the extent that such person receives a disaster payment under the Disaster Assistance Act of 1988 on such lost production.
“qualifying gross revenue” applies in that section
the term “qualifying gross revenue” means— (1) if a majority of the person’s annual income is received from farming and ranching operations, the gross revenue from the person’s farming and ranching operations; and (2) if less than a majority of the person’s annual income is received from farming and ranching operations, the person’s gross revenue from all sources.
“livestock” applies in that section
the term “livestock” includes elk, reindeer, bison, horses, and deer. (b) Availability of assistance In such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriation Acts, the Secretary of Agriculture may provide assistance to dairy and other livestock producers to cover economic losses incurred by such producers in connection with the production of livestock. (c) Types of assistance The assistance provided to livestock producers may be in the following forms: (1) Indemnity payments to livestock producers who incur livestock mortality losses. (2) Livestock feed assistance to livestock producers affected by shortages of feed. (3) Compensation for sudden increases in production costs.
“additional coverage” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “additional coverage” means a plan of crop insurance coverage providing a level of coverage greater than the level available under catastrophic risk protection. (2) Approved insurance provider
“approved insurance provider” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “approved insurance provider” means a private insurance provider that has been approved by the Corporation to provide insurance coverage to producers participating in the Federal crop insurance program established under this subchapter. (3) Beginning farmer or rancher
“beginning farmer or rancher” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “beginning farmer or rancher” means a farmer or rancher who has not actively operated and managed a farm or ranch with a bona fide insurable interest in a crop or livestock as an owner-operator, landlord, tenant, or sharecropper for more than 10 crop years, as determined by the Secretary. (4) Board
“Board” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Corporation established under section 1505(a) of this title . (5) Corporation
“Corporation” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “Corporation” means the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation established under section 1503 of this title . (6) Cover crop termination
“cover crop termination” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “cover crop termination” means a practice that historically and under reasonable circumstances results in the termination of the growth of a cover crop. (7) Department
“Department” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “Department” means the United States Department of Agriculture. (8) Farm financial benchmarking
“farm financial benchmarking” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “farm financial benchmarking” means— (A) the process of comparing the performance of an agricultural enterprise against the performance of other similar enterprises, through the use of comparable and reliable data, in order to identify business management strengths, weaknesses, and steps necessary to improve management performance and business profitability; and (B) benchmarking of the type conducted by farm management and producer associations consistent with the activities described in or funded pursuant to section 5925f of this title . (9) Hemp
“hemp” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “hemp” has the meaning given the term in section 1639 o of this title. (10) Loss ratio
“loss ratio” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “loss ratio” means the ratio of all sums paid by the Corporation as indemnities under any eligible crop insurance policy to that portion of the premium designated for anticipated losses and a reasonable reserve, other than that portion of the premium designated for operating and administrative expenses. (11) Organic crop
“organic crop” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “organic crop” means an agricultural commodity that is organically produced consistent with section 6502 of this title . (12) Secretary
“Secretary” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Agriculture. (13) Transitional yield
“transitional yield” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “transitional yield” means the maximum average production per acre or equivalent measure that is assigned to acreage for a crop year by the Corporation in accordance with the regulations of the Corporation whenever the producer fails— (A) to certify that acceptable documentation of production and acreage for the crop year is in the possession of the producer; or (B) to present the acceptable documentation on the demand of the Corporation or an insurance company reinsured by the Corporation. (14) Veteran farmer or rancher
“veteran farmer or rancher” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “veteran farmer or rancher” means a farmer or rancher who— (A) has served in the Armed Forces (as defined in section 101 of title 38 ); and (B) (i) has not operated a farm or ranch; (ii) has operated a farm or ranch for not more than 5 years; or (iii) is a veteran (as defined in section 101 of that title) who has first obtained status as a veteran (as so defined) during the most recent 5-year period.
“substantial beneficial interest” applies in that section
the term “substantial beneficial interest” means not less than 5 percent of all beneficial interests in the policyholder. (n) Actuarial soundness (1) Projected loss ratio as of October 1, 1995 The Corporation shall take such actions as are necessary to improve the actuarial soundness of Federal multiperil crop insurance coverage made available under this subchapter to achieve, on and after October 1, 1995 , an overall projected loss ratio of not greater than 1.1, including— (A) instituting appropriate requirements for documentation of the actual production history of insured producers to establish recorded or appraised yields for Federal crop insurance coverage that more accurately reflect …
“adequately served” applies in that section
The term “adequately served” means having a participation rate, by crop, that is at least 50 percent of the national average participation rate. (ii) Underserved producer
“eligible contract” applies in that section
The term “eligible contract”— (I) means a crop insurance contract entered into by an approved insurance provider in an eligible State; and (II) does not include a contract for— (aa) catastrophic risk protection under subsection (b); (bb) an area-based plan of insurance or similar plan of insurance, as determined by the Corporation; or (cc) a policy under which an approved insurance provider does not incur loss adjustment expenses, as determined by the Corporation. (ii) Eligible State
“eligible State” applies in that section
The term “eligible State” means a State in which, with respect to an insurance year, the loss ratio for eligible contracts is greater than 120 percent of the total net book premium written by all approved insurance providers. (11) Specialty crops (A) Minimum reimbursement Beginning with the 2026 reinsurance year, and for each reinsurance year thereafter, the rate of reimbursement to approved insurance providers and agents for administrative and operating expenses with respect to crop insurance contracts covering agricultural commodities described in section 101 of the Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004 ( 7 U.S.C.
“field” applies in that section
the term “field” means the environment in which the commodity is produced. (3) Exclusion of losses due to certain actions of producer (A) Exclusions Insurance provided under this subsection shall not cover losses due to— (i) the neglect or malfeasance of the producer; (ii) the failure of the producer to reseed to the same crop in such areas and under such circumstances as it is customary to reseed; or (iii) the failure of the producer to follow good farming practices, including scientifically sound sustainable and organic farming practices.
“immediate family” applies in that section
the term “immediate family” means an individual’s father, mother, stepfather, stepmother, brother, sister, stepbrother, stepsister, son, daughter, stepson, stepdaughter, grandparent, grandson, granddaughter, father-in-law, mother-in-law, brother-in-law, sister-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, the spouse of the foregoing, and the individual’s spouse.
“native sod” applies in that section
the term “native sod” means land— (A) on which the plant cover is composed principally of native grasses, grasslike plants, forbs, or shrubs suitable for grazing and browsing; and (B) that has never been tilled, or the producer cannot substantiate that the ground has ever been tilled, for the production of an annual crop as of the date of enactment of this subsection.
“underserved producer” applies in that section
The term “underserved producer” means an individual (including a member of an Indian Tribe) that is— (I) a beginning farmer or rancher; (II) a veteran farmer or rancher; or (III) a socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher. (B) Review Using resources and information available to the Board or the Secretary, the Board shall review the policies and plans of insurance that are offered by approved insurance providers under this subchapter, including policies and plans of insurance for underserved producers, to determine if each State is adequately served by the policies and plans of insurance.
“first crop” applies in that section
The term “first crop” means the first crop of the first agricultural commodity planted for harvest, or prevented from being planted, on specific acreage during a crop year and insured under this subchapter. (2) Second crop
“replanted crop” applies in that section
The term “replanted crop” means any agricultural commodity replanted on the same acreage as the first crop for harvest in the same crop year if the replanting is required by the terms of the policy of insurance covering the first crop.
“second crop” applies in that section
The term “second crop” means a second crop of the same agricultural commodity as the first crop, or a crop of a different agricultural commodity following the first crop, planted on the same acreage as the first crop for harvest in the same crop year, except the term does not include a replanted crop. (3) Replanted crop
“policy” applies in that section
the term “policy” means a policy, plan of insurance, provision of a policy or plan of insurance, and related materials. (b) Reimbursement of research, development, and maintenance costs (1) Research and development payment (A) In general The Corporation shall provide a payment to an applicant for research and development costs in accordance with this subsection. (B) Reimbursement (i) In general An applicant who submits a policy under section 1508(h) of this title shall be eligible for the reimbursement of reasonable research and development costs if the policy is approved by the Board for sale to producers.
“livestock” applies in that section
the term “livestock” includes, but is not limited to, cattle, sheep, swine, goats, and poultry. (2) Programs required Subject to paragraph (7), the Corporation shall conduct two or more pilot programs to evaluate the effectiveness of risk management tools for livestock producers, including the use of futures and options contracts and policies and plans of insurance that protect the interests of livestock producers and that provide— (A) livestock producers with reasonable protection from the financial risks of price or income fluctuations inherent in the production and marketing of livestock; or (B) protection for production losses.
“livestock commodity” applies in that section
the term “livestock commodity” includes cattle, sheep, swine, goats, and poultry, including pasture, rangeland, and forage as a source of feed for that livestock. (2) Authorization Notwithstanding subsection (a)(2), the Corporation may conduct 2 or more pilot programs to provide producers of underserved specialty crops and livestock commodities with index-based weather insurance, subject to the requirements of this section.
“actual production history yield” applies in that section
The term “actual production history yield” means the weighted average of the actual production history for each insurable commodity or noninsurable commodity, as calculated under subchapter I or the noninsured crop disaster assistance program, respectively. (2) Actual production on the farm
“actual production on the farm” applies in that section
The term “actual production on the farm” means the sum of the value of all crops produced on the farm, as determined under subsection (b)(6)(B). (3) Adjusted actual production history yield
“adjusted actual production history yield” applies in that section
The term “adjusted actual production history yield” means— (A) in the case of an eligible producer on a farm that has at least 4 years of actual production history yields for an insurable commodity that are established other than pursuant to section 1508(g)(4)(B) of this title , the actual production history for the eligible producer without regard to any yields established under that section; (B) in the case of an eligible producer on a farm that has less than 4 years of actual production history yields for an insurable commodity, of which 1 or more were established pursuant to section 1508(g)(4)(B) of this title , the actual production history for the eligible producer as calculated …
“adjusted noninsured crop disaster assistance program yield” applies in that section
The term “adjusted noninsured crop disaster assistance program yield” means— (A) in the case of an eligible producer on a farm that has at least 4 years of production history under the noninsured crop disaster assistance program that are not replacement yields, the noninsured crop disaster assistance program yield without regard to any replacement yields; (B) in the case of an eligible producer on a farm that has less than 4 years of production history under the noninsured crop disaster assistance program that are not replacement yields, the noninsured crop disaster assistance program yield as calculated without including the lowest of the replacement yields; and (C) in all other cases, the …
“counter-cyclical program payment yield” applies in that section
The term “counter-cyclical program payment yield” means the weighted average payment yield established under— (A) section 7912 or 7952 of this title; (B) section 1102 or 1301(6) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 ( 7 U.S.C. 8712 , 8751(6)); or (C) a successor section. (6) Crop of economic significance The term “crop of economic significance” shall have the uniform meaning given the term by the Secretary for purposes of subsections (b)(1)(B) and (g)(6). (7) Disaster county (A) In general
“covered livestock” applies in that section
the term “covered livestock” means livestock of an eligible livestock producer that, during the 60 days prior to the beginning date of a qualifying drought or fire condition, as determined by the Secretary, the eligible livestock producer— (I) owned; (II) leased; (III) purchased; (IV) entered into a contract to purchase; (V) is a contract grower; or (VI) sold or otherwise disposed of due to qualifying drought conditions during— (aa) the current production year; or (bb) subject to paragraph (3)(B)(ii), 1 or both of the 2 production years immediately preceding the current production year.
“disaster county” applies in that section
The term “disaster county” means a county included in the geographic area covered by a qualifying natural disaster declaration. (B) Inclusion
“drought monitor” applies in that section
The term “drought monitor” means a system for classifying drought severity according to a range of abnormally dry to exceptional drought, as defined by the Secretary. (C) Eligible livestock producer (i) In general
“eligible livestock producer” applies in that section
The term “eligible livestock producer” means an eligible producer on a farm that— (I) is an owner, cash or share lessee, or contract grower of covered livestock that provides the pastureland or grazing land, including cash-leased pastureland or grazing land, for the livestock; (II) provides the pastureland or grazing land for covered livestock, including cash-leased pastureland or grazing land that is physically located in a county affected by drought; (III) certifies grazing loss; and (IV) meets all other eligibility requirements established under this subsection.
“eligible orchardist” applies in that section
The term “eligible orchardist” means a person that produces annual crops from trees for commercial purposes. (B) Natural disaster
“eligible producer on a farm” applies in that section
The term “eligible producer on a farm” means an individual or entity described in subparagraph (B) that, as determined by the Secretary, assumes the production and market risks associated with the agricultural production of crops or livestock. (B) Description An individual or entity referred to in subparagraph (A) is— (i) a citizen of the United States; (ii) a resident alien; (iii) a partnership of citizens of the United States; or (iv) a corporation, limited liability corporation, or other farm organizational structure organized under State law. (9) Farm (A) In general
“farm” applies in that section
The term “farm” means, in relation to an eligible producer on a farm, the sum of all crop acreage in all counties that is planted or intended to be planted for harvest for sale or on-farm livestock feeding (including native grassland intended for haying) by the eligible producer. (B) Aquaculture In the case of aquaculture,
“farm-raised fish” applies in that section
The term “farm-raised fish” means any aquatic species that is propagated and reared in a controlled environment. (11) Insurable commodity
“insurable commodity” applies in that section
The term “insurable commodity” means an agricultural commodity (excluding livestock) for which the producer on a farm is eligible to obtain a policy or plan of insurance under subchapter I. (12) Livestock
“legal entity” applies in that section
the terms “legal entity” and “person” have the meaning given those terms in section 1001(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 7 U.S.C. 1308(a) 3 (as amended by section 1603 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008). (B) Amount The total amount of payments received, directly or indirectly, by a person or legal entity (excluding a joint venture or general partnership) under this subsection may not exceed $100,000 for any crop year, or an equivalent value in tree seedlings. (C) Acres The total quantity of acres planted to trees or tree seedlings for which a person or legal entity shall be entitled to receive payments under this subsection may not exceed 500 acres.
“livestock” applies in that section
The term “livestock” includes— (A) cattle (including dairy cattle); (B) bison; (C) poultry; (D) sheep; (E) swine; (F) horses; and (G) other livestock, as determined by the Secretary. (13) Noninsurable commodity
“natural disaster” applies in that section
The term “natural disaster” means plant disease, insect infestation, drought, fire, freeze, flood, earthquake, lightning, or other occurrence, as determined by the Secretary. (C) Nursery tree grower
“noninsurable commodity” applies in that section
The term “noninsurable commodity” means a crop for which the eligible producers on a farm are eligible to obtain assistance under the noninsured crop assistance program. (14) Noninsured crop assistance program
“noninsured crop assistance program” applies in that section
The term “noninsured crop assistance program” means the program carried out under section 7333 of this title . (15) Normal production on the farm
“normal production on the farm” applies in that section
The term “normal production on the farm” means the sum of the expected revenue for all crops on the farm, as determined under subsection (b)(6)(A). (16) Qualifying natural disaster declaration
“nursery tree grower” applies in that section
The term “nursery tree grower” means a person who produces nursery, ornamental, fruit, nut, or Christmas trees for commercial sale, as determined by the Secretary. (D) Tree
“person” applies in that section
the terms “legal entity” and “person” have the meaning given those terms in section 1001(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 7 U.S.C. 1308(a) 3 (as amended by section 1603 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008). (B) Amount The total amount of payments received, directly or indirectly, by a person or legal entity (excluding a joint venture or general partnership) under this subsection may not exceed $100,000 for any crop year, or an equivalent value in tree seedlings. (C) Acres The total quantity of acres planted to trees or tree seedlings for which a person or legal entity shall be entitled to receive payments under this subsection may not exceed 500 acres.
“qualifying natural disaster declaration” applies in that section
The term “qualifying natural disaster declaration” means a natural disaster declared by the Secretary for production losses under section 1961(a) of this title . (17) Secretary
“Secretary” applies in that section
The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Agriculture. (18) Socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher
“socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher” applies in that section
The term “socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher” has the meaning given the term in section 2279(e) 1 of this title. (19) State
“State” applies in that section
The term “State” means— (A) a State; (B) the District of Columbia; (C) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; and (D) any other territory or possession of the United States. (20) Trust Fund
“tree” applies in that section
The term “tree” includes a tree, bush, and vine. (2) Eligibility (A) Loss Subject to subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall provide assistance— (i) under paragraph (3) to eligible orchardists and nursery tree growers that planted trees for commercial purposes but lost the trees as a result of a natural disaster, as determined by the Secretary; and (ii) under paragraph (3)(B) to eligible orchardists and nursery tree growers that have a production history for commercial purposes on planted or existing trees but lost the trees as a result of a natural disaster, as determined by the Secretary.
“Trust Fund” applies in that section
The term “Trust Fund” means the Agricultural Disaster Relief Trust Fund established under section 2497a of title 19 . (21) United States The term “United States” when used in a geographical sense, means all of the States. (b) Supplemental revenue assistance payments (1) Payments (A) In general The Secretary shall use such sums as are necessary from the Trust Fund to make crop disaster assistance payments to eligible producers on farms in disaster counties that have incurred crop production losses or crop quality losses, or both, during the crop year.
“advertisement” applies throughout its chapter
The term “advertisement” means all representations, other than those on the label, disseminated in any manner or by any means, relating to seed within the scope of this chapter. (20) Subject to such tolerances as the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to prescribe under the provisions of this chapter—;
“district court of the United States” applies throughout its chapter
The term “district court of the United States” means any court exercising the powers of a district court of the United States. (b) Omitted (7) The term— (A) “Agricultural seeds” shall mean grass, forage, and field crop seeds which the Secretary of Agriculture finds are used for seeding purposes in the United States and which he lists in the rules and regulations prescribed under section 1592 of this title . (B) “Vegetable seeds” shall include the seeds of those crops that are or may be grown in gardens or on truck farms and are or may be generally known and sold under the name of vegetable seeds. (8) For the purpose of subchapter II,
“false advertisement” applies throughout its chapter
the term “false advertisement” means any advertisement which is false or misleading in any particular.;
“false labeling” applies throughout its chapter
the term “false labeling” means any labeling which is false or misleading in any particular;
“foreign commerce” applies throughout its chapter
The term “foreign commerce” means commerce between the United States, its possessions, or any Territory of the United States, and any foreign country. (6);
“germination” applies throughout its chapter
The term “germination” means the percentage of seeds capable of producing normal seedlings under ordinarily favorable conditions (not including seeds which produce weak, malformed, or obviously abnormal sprouts), determined by methods prescribed under section 1593 of this title .;
“hard seeds” applies throughout its chapter
The term “hard seeds” means the percentage of seeds which because of hardness or impermeability do not absorb moisture or germinate under prescribed tests but remain hard during the period prescribed for germination of the kind of seed concerned, determined by methods prescribed under section 1593 of this title .;
“inert matter” applies throughout its chapter
The term “inert matter” means all matter not seeds, and includes among others broken seeds, sterile florets, chaff, fungus bodies, and stones, determined by methods prescribed under section 1593 of this title .;
“interstate commerce” applies throughout its chapter
The term “interstate commerce” means— (A) commerce between any State, Territory, possession, or the District of Columbia, and any other State, Territory, possession, or the District of Columbia; or (B) commerce between points within the same State, Territory, or possession, or the District of Columbia, but through any place outside thereof; or (C) commerce within the District of Columbia.
“kind” applies throughout its chapter
The term “kind” means one or more related species or subspecies which singly or collectively is known by one common name, for example, soybean, flax, carrot, radish, cabbage, cauliflower, and so forth.;
“label” applies throughout its chapter
The term “label” means the display or displays of written, printed, or graphic matter upon or attached to the container of seed.;
“labeling” applies throughout its chapter
The term “labeling” includes all labels, and other written, printed, and graphic representations, in any form whatsoever, accompanying and pertaining to any seed whether in bulk or in containers, and includes invoices.;
“noxious-weed seeds” applies throughout its chapter
the term “noxious-weed seeds” means the seeds or bulblets of plants recognized as noxious— (i) by the law or rules and regulations of the State into which the seed is offered for transportation, or transported; (ii) by the law or rules and regulations of Puerto Rico, Guam, or the District of Columbia, into which transported, or District of Columbia in which sold; or (iii) by the rules and regulations of the Secretary of Agriculture under this chapter, when after investigation he shall determine that a weed is noxious in the United States or in any specifically designated area thereof. (B) For the purpose of subchapter III,
“origin” applies throughout its chapter
The term “origin” means the State, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, or possession of the United States, or the foreign country, or designated portion thereof, where the seed was grown.;
“person” applies throughout its chapter
The term “person” includes a partnership, corporation, company, society, or association.;
“screenings” applies throughout its chapter
The term “screenings” shall include chaff, sterile florets, immature seed, weed seed, inert matter, and any other materials removed in any way from any seeds in any kind of cleaning or processing and which contain less than 25 per centum of live agricultural or vegetable seeds. (22) The term “in bulk” refers to seed when loose either in vehicles of transportation or in storage, and not to seed in bags or other containers.;
“seed certifying agency” applies throughout its chapter
The term “seed certifying agency” means (A) an agency authorized under the laws of a State, Territory, or possession, to officially certify seed and which has standards and procedures approved by the Secretary (after due notice, hearings, and full consideration of the views of farmer users of certified seed and other interested parties) to assure the genetic purity and identity of the seed certified, or (B) an agency of a foreign country determined by the Secretary of Agriculture to adhere to procedures and standards for seed certification comparable to those adhered to generally by seed certifying agencies under (A).
“treated” applies throughout its chapter
The term “treated” means given an application of a substance or subjected to a process designed to reduce, control, or repel disease organisms, insects or other pests which attack seeds or seedlings growing therefrom.;
“type” applies throughout its chapter
The term “type” means either (A) a group of varieties so nearly similar that the individual varieties cannot be clearly differentiated except under special conditions, or (B) when used with a variety name means seed of the variety named which may be mixed with seed of other varieties of the same kind and of similar character, the manner of and the circumstances connected with the use of the designation to be governed by rules and regulations prescribed under section 1592 of this title .;
“United States” applies throughout its chapter
The term “United States” means the several States, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.;
“variety” applies throughout its chapter
The term “variety” means a subdivision of a kind which is characterized by growth, plant, fruit, seed, or other characters by which it can be differentiated from other sorts of the same kind, for example, Marquis wheat, Flat Dutch cabbage, Manchu soybeans, Oxheart carrot, and so forth.;
“weed seeds” applies throughout its chapter
the term “weed seeds” means the seeds or bulblets of plants recognized as weeds either by the law or rules and regulations of— (A) The State into which the seed is offered for transportation, or transported; or (B) Puerto Rico, Guam, or District of Columbia into which transported, or District of Columbia in which sold. (9) (A) For the purpose of subchapter II,
“agricultural products” applies throughout its chapter
the term “agricultural products” includes agricultural, horticultural, viticultural, and dairy products, livestock and poultry, bees, forest products, fish and shellfish, and any products thereof, including processed and manufactured products, and any and all products raised or produced on farms and any processed or manufactured product thereof, and the term “State” when used in this chapter 1 shall include the Virgin Islands and Guam.
“Board” applies in that section
The term “Board” means the Board of Directors established under subsection (f). (2) Center
“Center” applies in that section
The term “Center” means the National Sheep Industry Improvement Center established under subsection (b). (3) Eligible entity
“eligible entity” applies in that section
The term “eligible entity” means an entity that promotes the betterment of the United States sheep or goat industries and that is— (A) a public, private, or cooperative organization; (B) an association, including a corporation not operated for profit; (C) a federally recognized Indian Tribe; or (D) a public or quasi-public agency. (4) Fund
“Fund” applies in that section
The term “Fund” means the National Sheep Industry Improvement Center Revolving Fund established under subsection (e). (5) Intermediary
“intermediary” applies in that section
The term “intermediary” means a financial institution receiving Center funds for establishing a revolving fund and relending to an eligible entity. (b) Establishment of Center The Secretary shall establish a National Sheep Industry Improvement Center.
“beginning farmer or rancher” applies in that section
The term “beginning farmer or rancher” has the meaning given the term in section 1991(a) of this title . (2) Direct producer-to-consumer marketing
“direct producer-to-consumer marketing” applies in that section
The term “direct producer-to-consumer marketing” has the meaning given the term “direct marketing from farmers to consumers” in section 3002 of this title . (3) Family farm
“eligible entity” applies in that section
The term “eligible entity” means— (i) a producer; (ii) a producer network or association; (iii) a farmer or rancher cooperative; (iv) a majority-controlled producer-based business venture; (v) a food council; (vi) a local or Tribal government; (vii) a nonprofit corporation; (viii) an economic development corporation; (ix) a public benefit corporation; (x) a community-supported agriculture network or association; and (xi) a regional farmers’ market authority. (B) Eligible partner
“eligible partner” applies in that section
The term “eligible partner” means— (i) a State agency or regional authority; (ii) a philanthropic organization; (iii) a private corporation; (iv) an institution of higher education; (v) a commercial, Federal, or Farm Credit System lending institution; and (vi) another entity, as determined by the Secretary.
“entity” applies in that section
the term “entity” means— (i) a partnership; (ii) a limited liability corporation; (iii) a limited liability partnership; and (iv) a corporation. (6) Mid-tier value chain
“family farm” applies in that section
The term “family farm” has the meaning given the term in section 1632a(a) of this title . (4) Food council
“food council” applies in that section
The term “food council” means a food policy council or food and farm system network, as determined by the Secretary, that— (A) represents— (i) multiple organizations involved in the production, processing, and consumption of food; and (ii) local, Tribal, or State governments; and (B) addresses food and farm-related issues and needs within city, county, State, Tribal region, multicounty region, or other region designated by the food council or food system network. (5) Majority-controlled producer-based business venture (A) In general
“majority-controlled producer-based business venture” applies in that section
The term “majority-controlled producer-based business venture” means a venture greater than 50 percent of the ownership and control of which is held by— (i) 1 or more producers; or (ii) 1 or more entities, 100 percent of the ownership and control of which is held by 1 or more producers. (B) Entity described For purposes of subparagraph (A),
“mid-tier value chain” applies in that section
The term “mid-tier value chain” means a local or regional supply network that links independent producers with businesses and cooperatives that market value-added agricultural products in a manner that— (A) targets and strengthens the profitability and competitiveness of small and medium-sized farms and ranches that are structured as a family farm; and (B) obtains agreement from an eligible agricultural producer group, farmer or rancher cooperative, or majority-controlled producer-based business venture that is engaged in the value chain on a marketing strategy. (7) Partnership
“partnership” applies in that section
The term “partnership” means a partnership entered into under an agreement between— (A) 1 or more eligible partners (as defined in subsection (e)(1)); and (B) 1 or more eligible entities (as defined in subsection (e)(1)). (8) Program
“Program” applies in that section
The term “Program” means the Local Agriculture Market Program established under subsection (b). (9) Regional food chain coordination
“regional food chain coordination” applies in that section
The term “regional food chain coordination” means coordination and collaboration along the supply chain to increase connections between producers and markets. (10) Secretary
“Secretary” applies in that section
The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Agriculture. (11) Socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher
“socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher” applies in that section
The term “socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher” has the meaning given the term in section 2003(e) of this title . (12) Value-added agricultural product
“value-added agricultural product” applies in that section
The term “value-added agricultural product” means any agricultural commodity or product that— (A) (i) has undergone a change in physical state; (ii) was produced in a manner that enhances the value of the agricultural commodity or product, as demonstrated through a business plan that shows the enhanced value, as determined by the Secretary; (iii) is physically segregated in a manner that results in the enhancement of the value of the agricultural commodity or product; (iv) is a source of farm- or ranch-based renewable energy, including E–85 fuel; or (v) is aggregated and marketed as a locally produced agricultural food product; and (B) as a result of the change in physical state or the …
“veteran farmer or rancher” applies in that section
The term “veteran farmer or rancher” has the meaning given the term in section 2279(a) of this title . (b) Establishment and purpose The Secretary shall establish a program, to be known as the “Local Agriculture Market Program”, that— (1) supports the development, coordination, and expansion of— (A) direct producer-to-consumer marketing; (B) local and regional food markets and enterprises; and (C) value-added agricultural products; (2) connects and cultivates regional food economies through public-private partnerships; (3) supports the development of business plans, feasibility studies, and strategies for value-added agricultural production and local and regional food system infrastructure; …
“approved unique identifier” applies in that section
The term “approved unique identifier” means a number, combination of numbers and letters, or other identifier selected by the Secretary of State using a selection system or method approved by the Secretary of Agriculture. (d) Purchases free of security interest Except as provided in subsection (e) and notwithstanding any other provision of Federal, State, or local law, a buyer who in the ordinary course of business buys a farm product from a seller engaged in farming operations shall take free of a security interest created by the seller, even though the security interest is perfected; and the buyer knows of the existence of such interest.
“buyer in the ordinary course of business” applies in that section
The term “buyer in the ordinary course of business” means a person who, in the ordinary course of business, buys farm products from a person engaged in farming operations who is in the business of selling farm products.;