33 U.S.C. § 701n — Emergency response to natural disasters
submitted 85 years ago by ch. 377 to r/title-33-NAVIGATION-AND-NAVIGABLE-WATERS · 2,550 words · no verdicts yet
This section creates an emergency fund for natural-disaster response, flood fighting, rescue, repair and restoration of flood and shore-protection works, emergency water, and related reporting and eligibility rules.
(a)(1) The emergency fund may pay for preparation and response to natural disasters; flood fighting and rescue; repair or restoration of flood-control works threatened or destroyed by floods, including needed strengthening, raising, extending, realigning, or other changes; requested structural modifications or nonstructural alternatives; emergency protection of federally authorized hurricane or shore protection threatened by imminent substantial loss of life or property; repair and restoration of federally authorized hurricane or shore structures damaged by unusually severe wind, waves, or water to the pre-storm level, design level, or a level sufficient for the authorized purpose, whichever protects more, including protection against projected wave, height, or storm-surge changes over the structure’s useful life; requested modifications, new features, resilience work, added inundation, wave, or erosion-damage benefits, major-deficiency work, and nonstructural alternatives; and emergency dredging to restore authorized depths after floods, droughts, earthquakes, or other natural disasters. If the Governor requests an emergency or major-disaster determination under the Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act in an area where the Chief is already working, the Chief may for 10 days after the request perform essential life-and-property-saving work on public or private land and water, including channel clearing, emergency shore protection, debris and wreckage removal, and temporary restoration of essential public facilities and services. The Chief may provide emergency clean water on advisable terms to a locality facing contaminated water that threatens public health and welfare. Congress may appropriate money to establish and replenish the fund. Until then, the Army Secretary may use existing flood-control money and later reimburse it. The Chief may rent necessary motor vehicles, including cars and buses, for rescue or other flood-emergency work.
(2)(A) For a cost-and-benefit feasibility assessment, the Chief must count benefits protecting residential establishments, commercial establishments and inventory, and agricultural establishments and crops. (B) The Chief may do repair or restoration whose benefits do not exceed cost if the non-Federal sponsor contributes enough to make remaining costs equal estimated benefits and the Secretary finds the damage was not caused by negligent operation or maintenance and repair could benefit another Corps project. Those contributions are in addition to other required non-Federal payments. (3) At a locality’s request, the Secretary must, if money is available, agree to continue assistance beyond the normal 10-day period. (4) “Nonstructural alternatives” includes restoring or protecting streams, rivers, floodplains, wetlands, coasts, or other natural resources when it reduces flood risk. (5) Within 180 days after a non-Federal sponsor requests a feasibility study for additional protection of a flood-control work, the Secretary must give a written decision on whether section 549a authorizes the study. If not, the Secretary must include the request in the annual section 2282d report.
(b)(1) After a written request from a farmer, rancher, or political subdivision in a “distressed area,” the Secretary may agree to construct a well if drought has caused inadequate water, a well could provide enough water, and a private business could not construct it because of the drought. (2) After such a request, if drought has caused inadequate water and the applicant cannot obtain water, the Secretary may transport water, including through small emergency lines or tank trucks, until an adequate supply is available. (3) The well recipient must repay the reasonable construction cost with interest over no more than 30 years at the rate the Secretary determines would apply to a section 636(b)(2) title 15 loan. The applicant must obtain all State and local permits before construction. (4) The Federal share of water transportation is 100 percent. (5) “Construction” includes construction, reconstruction, and repair. “Distressed area” means an area the Secretary finds has inadequate drought water likely to threaten inhabitants’ health and welfare, including property loss or damage. “Political subdivision” means a State-law public body with water-supply jurisdiction. “Reasonable cost” is the lesser of the Secretary’s well-construction cost excluding equipment transport or a private business’s cost. “Secretary” means the Army Secretary acting through the Chief of Engineers. “State” includes the States, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
(c)(1) Within one year after October 12, 1996, under chapter 5 of title 5, the Army Secretary must prepare a manual describing levee maintenance and upkeep responsibilities required for assistance and give it free to each eligible non-Federal interest. (2)(A) Despite compliance with that manual or other maintenance eligibility requirements, the Secretary must treat a non-Federal interest as eligible for repair and rehabilitation help if, before the disaster and in coordination with the Secretary, it creates a systemwide improvement plan that identifies deferred or inadequate maintenance (including items found by the Secretary or inspections), needed additional measures, specific timelines, and the non-Federal interest’s responsibility for those costs; and if the Secretary finds the plan meets those requirements, approves it through the District Commander, and finds satisfactory progress on its timelines. (B) At the interest’s request, the Secretary must review its documentation that a covered encroachment does not harm flood-control integrity, make a written determination whether removal or modification is needed, and may not call it a deficiency requiring correction unless needed to protect integrity. (3) Congress authorizes $1,000,000 for the manual. (4) “Covered encroachment” means a permanent nonproject structure inside flood-control boundaries, shown on engineer-signed construction drawings or operation and maintenance plans, and determined by the Secretary to be an encroachment. “Maintenance and upkeep” means regular, consistent levee maintenance and general upkeep that is not repair and rehabilitation. “Repair and rehabilitation” means repairing or rebuilding a flood-damaged levee or other flood-control structure to its pre-flood protection level, but not improving it or repairing a structure that became unsound through normal use and no longer can provide its designed protection.
(d) At the non-Federal sponsor’s request, while doing subsection (a) repair or restoration, the Chief may increase protection above the designed level or increase a pumping station’s capacity if the Chief finds it in the public interest, considering repeated use of this authority, opportunities to greatly reduce life and property risk, and opportunities to reduce lifetime rehabilitation costs, and the sponsor pays the difference from original to higher protection or capacity. (e) The Secretary must notify and consult the sponsor about requesting nonstructural alternatives to subsection (a) repair or restoration.
There is authorized an emergency fund to be expended in preparation for emergency response to any natural disaster, in flood fighting and rescue operations, or in the repair or restoration of any flood control work threatened or destroyed by flood, including the strengthening, raising, extending, realigning, or other modification thereof as may be necessary in the discretion of the Chief of Engineers for the adequate functioning of the work for flood control and subject to the condition that the Chief of Engineers may include modifications to the structure or project, or in implementation of nonstructural alternatives to the repair or restoration of such flood control work if requested by the non-Federal sponsor; in the emergency protection of federally authorized hurricane or shore protection being threatened when in the discretion of the Chief of Engineers such protection is warranted to protect against imminent and substantial loss to life and property; in the repair and restoration of any federally authorized hurricane or shore protective structure or project damaged or destroyed by wind, wave, or water action of other than an ordinary nature to the pre-storm level of protection, to the design level of protection, or, notwithstanding the authorized dimensions of the structure or project, to a level sufficient to meet the authorized purpose of such structure or project, whichever provides greater protection, when, in the discretion of the Chief of Engineers, such repair and restoration is warranted for the adequate functioning of the structure or project for hurricane or shore protection, including to ensure the structure or project is functioning adequately to protect against projected changes in wave action or height or storm surge (including changes that result from relative sea level change over the useful life of the structure or project), subject to the condition that the Chief of Engineers may, if requested by the non-Federal sponsor, include modifications to the structure or project (including the addition of new project features) to address major deficiencies, increase resilience, increase benefits from the reduction of damages from inundation, wave action, or erosion, or implement nonstructural alternatives to the repair or restoration of the structure. The emergency fund may also be expended for emergency dredging for restoration of authorized project depths for Federal navigable channels and waterways made necessary by flood, drought, earthquake, or other natural disasters. In any case in which the Chief of Engineers is otherwise performing work under this section in an area for which the Governor of the affected State has requested a determination that an emergency exists or a declaration that a major disaster exists under the Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act [42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.], the Chief of Engineers is further authorized to perform on public and private lands and waters for a period of ten days following the Governor’s request any emergency work made necessary by such emergency or disaster which is essential for the preservation of life and property, including, but not limited to, channel clearance, emergency shore protection, clearance and removal of debris and wreckage endangering public health and safety, and temporary restoration of essential public facilities and services. The Chief of Engineers, in the exercise of his discretion, is further authorized to provide emergency supplies of clean water, on such terms as he determines to be advisable, to any locality which he finds is confronted with a source of contaminated water causing or likely to cause a substantial threat to the public health and welfare of the inhabitants of the locality. The appropriation of such moneys for the initial establishment of this fund and for its replenishment on an annual basis, is authorized: Provided, That pending the appropriation of sums to such emergency fund, the Secretary of the Army may allot, from existing flood-control appropriations, such sums as may be necessary for the immediate prosecution of the work herein authorized, such appropriations to be reimbursed from the appropriation herein authorized when made. The Chief of Engineers is authorized, in the prosecution of work in connection with rescue operations, or in conducting other flood emergency work, to acquire on a rental basis such motor vehicles, including passenger cars and buses, as in his discretion are deemed necessary.
In preparing a cost and benefit feasibility assessment for any emergency project described in paragraph (1), the Chief of Engineers shall consider the benefits to be gained by such project for the protection of—
residential establishments;
commercial establishments, including the protection of inventory; and
agricultural establishments, including the protection of crops.
The Chief of Engineers may carry out repair or restoration work described in paragraph (1) that does not produce benefits greater than the cost if—
the non-Federal sponsor agrees to pay, or provide contributions equal to, an amount sufficient to make the remaining costs of the project equal to the estimated value of the benefits of the repair or restoration work; and
the Secretary determines that—
the damage to the structure was not a result of negligent operation or maintenance; and
repair of the project could benefit another Corps project.
Non-Federal payments or contributions pursuant to clause (i) shall be in addition to any non-Federal payments or contributions required by the Chief of Engineers that are applicable to the remaining costs of the repair or restoration work.
Upon request by a locality receiving assistance under the fourth sentence of paragraph (1), the Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, enter into an agreement with the locality to provide such assistance beyond the time period otherwise provided for by the Secretary under such sentence.
In this subsection, the term “nonstructural alternatives” includes efforts to restore or protect natural resources, including streams, rivers, floodplains, wetlands, or coasts, if those efforts will reduce flood risk.
Not later than 180 days after receiving, from a non-Federal sponsor of a project to repair or rehabilitate a flood control work described in paragraph (1), a request to initiate a feasibility study to further modify the relevant flood control work to provide for an increased level of protection, the Secretary shall provide to the non-Federal sponsor a written decision on whether the Secretary has the authority under section 549a of this title to undertake the requested feasibility study.
If the Secretary determines under subparagraph (B) that the Secretary does not have the authority to undertake the requested feasibility study, the Secretary shall include the request for a feasibility study in the annual report submitted under section 2282d of this title.
The Secretary, upon a written request for assistance under this paragraph made by any farmer, rancher, or political subdivision within a distressed area, and after a determination by the Secretary that (A) as a result of the drought such farmer, rancher, or political subdivision has an inadequate supply of water, (B) an adequate supply of water can be made available to such farmer, rancher, or political subdivision through the construction of a well, and (C) as a result of the drought such well could not be constructed by a private business, the Secretary, subject to paragraph (3) of this subsection, may enter into an agreement with such farmer, rancher, or political subdivision for the construction of such well.
The Secretary, upon a written request for assistance under this paragraph made by any farmer, rancher, or political subdivision within a distressed area, and after a determination by the Secretary that as a result of the drought such farmer, rancher, or political subdivision has an inadequate supply of water and water cannot be obtained by such farmer, rancher, or political subdivision, the Secretary may transport water to such farmer, rancher, or political subdivision by methods which include, but are not limited to, small-diameter emergency water lines and tank trucks, until such time as the Secretary determines that an adequate supply of water is available to such farmer, rancher, or political subdivision.
Any agreement entered into by the Secretary pursuant to paragraph (1) of this subsection shall require the farmer, rancher, or political subdivision for whom the well is constructed to pay to the United States the reasonable cost of such construction, with interest, over such number of years, not to exceed thirty, as the Secretary deems appropriate. The rate of interest shall be that rate which the Secretary determines would apply if the amount to be repaid was a loan made pursuant to section 636(b)(2) of title 15.
The Secretary shall not construct any well pursuant to this subsection unless the farmer, rancher, or political subdivision for whom the well is being constructed has obtained, prior to construction, all necessary State and local permits.
The Federal share for the transportation of water pursuant to paragraph (2) of this subsection shall be 100 per centum.
For purposes of this subsection—
the term “construction” includes construction, reconstruction, or repair;
the term “distressed area” means an area which the Secretary determines due to drought conditions has an inadequate water supply which is causing, or is likely to cause, a substantial threat to the health and welfare of the inhabitants of the area including threat of damage or loss of property;
the term “political subdivision” means a city, town, borough, county, parish, district, association, or other public body created by or pursuant to State law and having jurisdiction over the water supply of such public body;
the term “reasonable cost” means the lesser of (i) the cost to the Secretary of constructing a well pursuant to this subsection exclusive of the cost of transporting equipment used in the construction of wells, or (ii) the cost to a private business of constructing such well;
the term “Secretary” means the Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers; and
the term “State” means a State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
Not later than 1 year after October 12, 1996, in accordance with chapter 5 of title 5, the Secretary of the Army shall prepare a manual describing the maintenance and upkeep responsibilities that the Corps of Engineers requires of a non-Federal interest in order for the non-Federal interest to receive Federal assistance under this section. The Secretary shall provide a copy of the manual at no cost to each non-Federal interest that is eligible to receive Federal assistance under this section.
Notwithstanding the status of compliance of a non-Federal interest with the requirements of a levee owner’s manual described in paragraph (1), or any other eligibility requirement established by the Secretary related to the maintenance and upkeep responsibilities of the non-Federal interest, the Secretary shall consider the non-Federal interest to be eligible for repair and rehabilitation assistance under this section if—
in coordination with the Secretary, the non-Federal interest develops a systemwide improvement plan, prior to the natural disaster, that—
identifies any items of deferred or inadequate maintenance and upkeep, including any such items identified by the Secretary or through periodic inspection of the flood control work;
identifies any additional measures, including repair and rehabilitation work, that the Secretary determines necessary to ensure that the flood control work performs as designed and intended;
includes specific timelines for addressing such items and measures;
requires the non-Federal interest to be responsible for the cost of addressing the items and measures identified under subclauses (I) and (II); and
the Secretary—
determines that the systemwide improvement plan meets the requirements of clause (i) and the Secretary, acting through the District Commander, approves such plan; and
determines that the non-Federal interest makes satisfactory progress in meeting the timelines described in subclause (III) of that clause.
At the request of the non-Federal interest, the Secretary—
shall review documentation developed by the non-Federal interest showing a covered encroachment does not negatively impact the integrity of the flood control work;
shall make a written determination with respect to whether removal or modification of such covered encroachment is necessary to ensure the encroachment does not negatively impact the integrity of the flood control work; and
may not determine that a covered encroachment is a deficiency requiring corrective action unless such action is necessary to ensure the encroachment does not negatively impact the integrity of the flood control work.
There is authorized to be appropriated $1,000,000 to carry out paragraph (1).
In this subsection, the following definitions apply:
The term “covered encroachment” means a permanent nonproject structure that—
is located inside the boundaries of a flood control work;
is depicted on construction drawings or operation and maintenance plans for the flood control work that are signed by an engineer of record; and
is determined by the Secretary to be an encroachment of such flood control work.
The term “maintenance and upkeep” means all maintenance and general upkeep of a levee performed on a regular and consistent basis that is not repair and rehabilitation.
The term “repair and rehabilitation”—
means the repair or rebuilding of a levee or other flood control structure, after the structure has been damaged by a flood, to the level of protection provided by the structure before the flood; but
does not include—
any improvement to the structure; or
repair or rebuilding described in clause (i) if, in the normal course of usage, the structure becomes structurally unsound and is no longer fit to provide the level of protection for which the structure was designed.
In conducting repair or restoration work under subsection (a), at the request of the non-Federal sponsor, the Chief of Engineers may increase the level of protection above the level to which the system was designed, or, if the repair or restoration includes repair or restoration of a pumping station, increase the capacity of a pump, if—
the Chief of Engineers determines the improvements are in the public interest, including consideration of whether—
the authority under this section has been used more than once at the same location;
there is an opportunity to decrease significantly the risk of loss of life and property damage; or
there is an opportunity to decrease total life cycle rehabilitation costs for the project; and
the non-Federal sponsor agrees to pay the difference between the cost of repair or restoration to the original design level or original capacity and the cost of achieving the higher level of protection or capacity sought by the non-Federal sponsor.
The Secretary shall notify and consult with the non-Federal sponsor regarding the opportunity to request implementation of nonstructural alternatives to the repair or restoration of a flood control work under subsection (a).
Source credit: (Aug. 18, 1941, ch. 377, § 5, 55 Stat. 650; July 24, 1946, ch. 596, § 12, 60 Stat. 652; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, § 205(a), 61 Stat. 501; June 30, 1948, ch. 771, title II, § 206, 62 Stat. 1182; May 17, 1950, ch. 188, title II, § 210, 64 Stat. 183; June 28, 1955, ch. 194, 69 Stat. 186; Pub. L. 87–874, title II, § 206, Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1194; Pub. L. 93–251, title I, § 82, Mar. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 34; Pub. L. 95–51, § 2, June 20, 1977, 91 Stat. 233; Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, § 917, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4192; Pub. L. 100–45, § 9, May 27, 1987, 101 Stat. 323; Pub. L. 100–707, title I, § 109(m), Nov. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 4709; Pub. L. 101–640, title III, § 302, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4633; Pub. L. 104–303, title II, § 202(e), (f), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3675; Pub. L. 113–121, title III, § 3029(a), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1305; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, § 1176, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1673; Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §§ 1160, 1161(a), 1162, Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3795, 3796; Pub. L. 116–260, div. AA, title I, § 120, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2633; Pub. L. 117–263, div. H, title LXXXI, § 8102(a), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3695; Pub. L. 118–272, div. A, title I, § 1146(a), Jan. 4, 2025, 138 Stat. 3036.)
- 1941Enacted · Act of Aug. 18, 1941, ch. 377 · 55 Stat. 650
- 1946Amended · Act of July 24, 1946, ch. 596 · 60 Stat. 652
- 1947Amended · Act of July 26, 1947, ch. 343 · 61 Stat. 501
- 1948Amended · Act of June 30, 1948, ch. 771 · 62 Stat. 1182
- 1950Amended · Act of May 17, 1950, ch. 188 · 64 Stat. 183
- 1955Amended · Act of June 28, 1955, ch. 194 · 69 Stat. 186
- 1962Amended · Pub. L. 87-874 · 76 Stat. 1194
- 1974Amended · Pub. L. 93-251 · 88 Stat. 34
- 1977Amended · Pub. L. 95-51 · 91 Stat. 233
- 1986Amended · Pub. L. 99-662 · 100 Stat. 4192
- 1987Amended · Pub. L. 100-45 · 101 Stat. 323
- 1988Amended · Pub. L. 100-707 · 102 Stat. 4709
- 1990Amended · Pub. L. 101-640 · 104 Stat. 4633
- 1996Amended · Pub. L. 104-303 · 110 Stat. 3675
- 2014Amended · Pub. L. 113-121 · 128 Stat. 1305
- 2016Amended · Pub. L. 114-322 · 130 Stat. 1673
- 2018Amended · Pub. L. 115-270 · 132 Stat. 3795, 3796
- 2020Amended · Pub. L. 116-260 · 134 Stat. 2633
- 2022Amended · Pub. L. 117-263 · 136 Stat. 3695
- 2025Amended · Pub. L. 118-272 · 138 Stat. 3036
A history note hasn’t been published yet. The record shows enactment by ch. 377 on 1941-08-18.
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