42 U.S.C. § 19152 — Collection and reporting of data on Federal research awards

(a) Collection of data: (1) In general — Each federal research agency must collect, as practicable, standardized record-level annual data on every application it receives for merit-reviewed research and development awards, covering demographics, primary field, award type, institution type, review rating, budget request, funding outcome, and awarded budget. (2) Uniformity and standardization — The Director, working with the heads of each federal research agency, must establish and update as necessary a policy to keep this data collection uniform and standardized. (3) Record-level data — (A) Requirement — Beginning not later than two years after that policy is issued to agencies, and annually after that, each federal research agency must submit its record-level data to the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, in the form the NSF Director requires. (B) Previous data — As part of its first submission, each agency must, to the extent practicable, also submit comparable record-level data for the five years before that submission, if available, or explain why it can't provide that data. (b) Reporting of data: The NSF Director must publish statistical summary data, as practicable, collected under this section, broken down and cross-tabulated by race, ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic indicators (which may include employment status, occupation, educational attainment, parental education, and income), geographic location, and years since completing a doctoral degree, including in conjunction with NSF's report required under section 1885d.