13 U.S.C. § 196 — Special censuses

The Secretary may conduct special censuses for the government of any state, or of any county, city, or other political subdivision within a state. The Secretary may also conduct them for the government of the District of Columbia, and for the government of any U.S. possession or area (including its political subdivisions) referred to in section 191(a) of this title. These special censuses can cover subjects already covered by the regular censuses provided for in this title. The government requesting a special census must pay the Secretary the actual or estimated cost of that census. The results of each special census are called "Official Census Statistics." These statistics may be used in the manner allowed by applicable law.