r/title-42-THE-PUBLIC-HEALTH-AND-WELFARE wiki — defined terms

“Volunteers in Service to America” applies throughout its chapter

the terms “VISTA” and “Volunteers in Service to America” mean the program established under part A of subchapter I;

“fiscal year 2009 grant funds” applies in that section

The term “fiscal year 2009 grant funds” means the amount appropriated under section 5106h of this title for fiscal year 2009, and not reserved under section 5106h(a)(2) of this title . (B) Grant funds

“grant funds” applies in that section

The term “grant funds” means the amount appropriated under section 5106h of this title for a fiscal year and not reserved under section 5106h(a)(2) of this title . (C) State

“near fatality” applies in that section

the term “near fatality” means an act that, as certified by a physician, places the child in serious or critical condition; and;

“serious bodily injury” applies in that section

the term “serious bodily injury” means bodily injury which involves substantial risk of death, extreme physical pain, protracted and obvious disfigurement, or protracted loss or impairment of the function of a bodily member, organ, or mental faculty. (c) Citizen review panels (1) Establishment (A) In general Except as provided in subparagraph (B), each State to which a grant is made under this section shall establish not less than 3 citizen review panels.

“State” applies in that section

The term “State” means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. (D) Territory

“territory” applies in that section

The term “territory” means Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. (2) In general Except as otherwise provided in this section, the Secretary shall make allotments to each State and territory that applies for a grant under this section in an amount equal to the sum of— (A) $50,000; and (B) an amount that bears the same relationship to any grant funds remaining after all such States and territories have received $50,000, as the number of children under the age of 18 in the State or territory bears to the number of such children in all States and territories that apply for such a grant.

“Alaska Native” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “Alaska Native” has the meaning given the term “Native” in section 1602 of title 43 ;

“infant or toddler with a disability” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “infant or toddler with a disability” has the meaning given the term in section 1432 of title 20 ;

“Native Hawaiian” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “Native Hawaiian” has the meaning given the term in section 7517 of title 20 ;

“sexual abuse” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “sexual abuse” includes— (A) the employment, use, persuasion, inducement, enticement, or coercion of any child to engage in, or assist any other person to engage in, any sexually explicit conduct or simulation of such conduct for the purpose of producing a visual depiction of such conduct; or (B) the rape, and in cases of caretaker or inter-familial relationships, statutory rape, molestation, prostitution, or other form of sexual exploitation of children, or incest with children; and;

“withholding of medically indicated treatment” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “withholding of medically indicated treatment” means the failure to respond to the infant’s life-threatening conditions by providing treatment (including appropriate nutrition, hydration, and medication) which, in the treating physician’s or physicians’ reasonable medical judgment, will be most likely to be effective in ameliorating or correcting all such conditions, except that the term does not include the failure to provide treatment (other than appropriate nutrition, hydration, or medication) to an infant when, in the treating physician’s or physicians’ reasonable medical judgment— (A) the infant is chronically and irreversibly comatose; (B) the provision of such treatment …

“community referral services” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “community referral services” means services provided under contract or through interagency agreements to assist families in obtaining needed information, mutual support and community resources, including respite care services, health and mental health services, employability development and job training, and other social services, including early developmental screening of children, through help lines or other methods.

“respite care services” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “respite care services” means short term care services, including the services of crisis nurseries, provided in the temporary absence of the regular caregiver (parent, other relative, foster parent, adoptive parent, or guardian) to children who— (A) are in danger of child abuse or neglect; (B) have experienced child abuse or neglect; or (C) have disabilities or chronic or terminal illnesses. Such services shall be provided within or outside the home of the child, be short-term care (ranging from a few hours to a few weeks of time, per year), and be intended to enable the family to stay together and to keep the child living in the home and community of the child.

“Chief Executive” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Chief Executive” means the person who is the Chief, Chairman, Governor, President, or similar executive official of an Indian tribal government.

“Indian tribal government” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Indian tribal government” means the governing body of any Indian or Alaska Native tribe, band, nation, pueblo, village, or community that the Secretary of the Interior acknowledges to exist as an Indian tribe under the Federally Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of 1994 ( 25 U.S.C. 479a et seq.). 1 (7) Individual with a disability .—

“individual with a disability” applies throughout its chapter

The term “individual with a disability” means an individual with a disability as defined in section 12102(2) of this title . (8) Local government .—

“local government” applies throughout its chapter

The term “local government” means— (A) a county, municipality, city, town, township, local public authority, school district, special district, intrastate district, council of governments (regardless of whether the council of governments is incorporated as a nonprofit corporation under State law), regional or interstate government entity, or agency or instrumentality of a local government; (B) an Indian tribe or authorized tribal organization, or Alaska Native village or organization, that is not an Indian tribal government as defined in paragraph (6); and (C) a rural community, unincorporated town or village, or other public entity, for which an application for assistance is made by a …

“private nonprofit facility” applies throughout its chapter

The term “private nonprofit facility” means private nonprofit educational (without regard to the religious character of the facility), center-based childcare, utility, irrigation, emergency, medical, rehabilitational, and temporary or permanent custodial care facilities (including those for the aged and disabled) and facilities on Indian reservations, as defined by the President. (B) Additional facilities .— In addition to the facilities described in subparagraph (A),

“congressionally directed spending” applies in that section

the term “congressionally directed spending” means a statutory provision or report language included primarily at the request of a Senator or a Member, Delegate or Resident Commissioner of the House of Representatives providing, authorizing, or recommending a specific amount of discretionary budget authority, credit authority, or other spending authority for a contract, loan, loan guarantee, grant, loan authority, or other expenditure with or to an entity, or targeted to a specific State, locality, or Congressional district, other than through a statutory or administrative formula-driven or competitive award process.

“multihazard advisory map” applies in that section

the term “multihazard advisory map” means a map on which hazard data concerning each type of natural disaster is identified simultaneously for the purpose of showing areas of hazard overlap. (2) Development of maps In consultation with States, local governments, and appropriate Federal agencies, the President shall develop multihazard advisory maps for areas, in not fewer than five States, that are subject to commonly recurring natural hazards (including flooding, hurricanes and severe winds, and seismic events).

“small impoverished community” applies in that section

the term “small impoverished community” means a community of 3,000 or fewer individuals that is economically disadvantaged, as determined by the State in which the community is located and based on criteria established by the President. (b) Establishment of program The President may establish a program to provide technical and financial assistance to States and local governments to assist in the implementation of predisaster hazard mitigation measures that are cost-effective and are designed to reduce injuries, loss of life, and damage and destruction of property, including damage to critical services and facilities under the jurisdiction of the States or local governments.

“Administrator” applies in that section

The term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2) Agency

“Agency” applies in that section

The term “Agency” means the Federal Emergency Management Agency. (3) Eligible entity

“eligible entity” applies in that section

The term “eligible entity” means a State or an Indian tribal government that has received a major disaster declaration pursuant to section 5170 of this title . (4) Hazard mitigation plan

“hazard mitigation plan” applies in that section

The term “hazard mitigation plan” means a mitigation plan submitted under section 5165 of this title . (5) Low-income geographic area

“low-income geographic area” applies in that section

The term “low-income geographic area” means an area described in paragraph (1) or (2) of section 3161(a) of this title . (6) Participating entity

“participating entity” applies in that section

The term “participating entity” means an eligible entity that has entered into an agreement under this section. (7) Repetitive loss structure

“repetitive loss structure” applies in that section

The term “repetitive loss structure” has the meaning given the term in section 4121 of this title . (8) Severe repetitive loss structure

“severe repetitive loss structure” applies in that section

The term “severe repetitive loss structure” has the meaning given the term in section 4104c(h) of this title . (9) Wildland-urban interface

“wildland-urban interface” applies in that section

The term “wildland-urban interface” has the meaning given the term in section 6511 of title 16 . (n) Authorization of appropriations There are authorized to be appropriated $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2023 to carry out this section.

“community disaster resilience zone” applies in that section

The term “community disaster resilience zone” means a census tract designated by the President under subsection (d)(1). (2) Eligible entity

“eligible entity” applies in that section

The term “eligible entity” means— (A) a State; (B) an Indian tribal government; or (C) a local government. (b) Products The President shall continue to maintain a natural hazard assessment program that develops and maintains products that— (1) are available to the public; and (2) define natural hazard risk across the United States.

“flood disaster area” applies in that section

the term “flood disaster area” means an area with respect to which— (1) the Secretary of Agriculture finds, or has found, to have been substantially affected by a natural disaster in the United States pursuant to section 1961(a) of title 7 ; or (2) the President declares, or has declared, the existence of a major disaster or emergency pursuant to the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act ( 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.), as a result of flood conditions existing in or affecting that area. (e) Effective date This section and the amendments made by this section shall apply to disasters declared after September 23, 1994 .

“management cost” applies in that section

the term “management cost” includes any indirect cost, any direct administrative cost, and any other administrative expense associated with a specific project under a major disaster, emergency, or disaster preparedness or mitigation activity or measure. (b) Establishment of management cost rates (1) In general Notwithstanding any other provision of law (including any administrative rule or guidance), the President shall by regulation implement management cost rates, for grantees and subgrantees, that shall be used to determine contributions under this chapter for management costs.

“Administrator” applies in that section

The term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2) Agency

“Agency” applies in that section

The term “Agency” means the Federal Emergency Management Agency. (3) Hazard

“hazard” applies in that section

The term “hazard” has the meaning given the term in section 5195a of this title . (4) Nonemployee System member

“nonemployee System member” applies in that section

The term “nonemployee System member” means a System member not employed by a sponsoring agency or participating agency. (5) Participating agency

“participating agency” applies in that section

The term “participating agency” means a State or local government, nonprofit organization, or private organization that has executed an agreement with a sponsoring agency to participate in the System. (6) Sponsoring agency

“sponsoring agency” applies in that section

The term “sponsoring agency” means a State or local government that is the sponsor of a task force designated by the Administrator to participate in the System. (7) System

“System” applies in that section

The term “System” means the National Urban Search and Rescue Response System to be administered under this section. (8) System member

“System member” applies in that section

The term “System member” means an individual who is not a full-time employee of the Federal Government and who serves on a task force or on a System management or other technical team. (9) Task force

“task force” applies in that section

The term “task force” means an urban search and rescue team designated by the Administrator to participate in the System. (b) General authority Subject to the requirements of this section, the Administrator shall continue to administer the emergency response system known as the National Urban Search and Rescue Response System. (c) Functions In administering the System, the Administrator shall provide for a national network of standardized search and rescue resources to assist States and local governments in responding to hazards. (d) Task forces (1) Designation The Administrator shall designate task forces to participate in the System.

“Department of Defense” applies in that section

The term “Department of Defense” has the meaning the term “department” has under section 101 of title 10 . (B) Emergency work

“emergency work” applies in that section

The term “emergency work” includes clearance and removal of debris and wreckage and temporary restoration of essential public facilities and services. (d) Salaries and benefits (1) In general If the President declares a major disaster or emergency for an area within the jurisdiction of a State, tribal, or local government, the President may reimburse the State, tribal, or local government for costs relating to— (A) basic pay and benefits for permanent employees of the State, tribal, or local government conducting emergency protective measures under this section, if— (i) the work is not typically performed by the employees; and (ii) the type of work may otherwise be carried out by contract …

“critical services” applies in that section

the term “critical services” includes power, water (including water provided by an irrigation organization or facility), sewer, wastewater treatment, communications (including broadcast and telecommunications), education, and emergency medical care. (C) Religious facilities A church, synagogue, mosque, temple, or other house of worship, educational facility, or any other private nonprofit facility, shall be eligible for contributions under paragraph (1)(B), without regard to the religious character of the facility or the primary religious use of the facility.

“covered assistance” applies in that section

the term “covered assistance” means assistance provided— (A) under section 5174 of this title ; and (B) in relation to a major disaster or emergency declared by the President under section 5170 or 5191, respectively, of this title on or after October 28, 2012 .

“low-income migrant or seasonal farmworker” applies in that section

the term “low-income migrant or seasonal farmworker” means an individual— (1) who has, during any consecutive 12 month period within the preceding 24 month period, performed farm work for wages; (2) who has received not less than one-half of such individual’s total income, or been employed at least one-half of total work time in farm work; and (3) whose annual family income within the 12 month period referred to in paragraph (1) does not exceed the higher of the poverty level or 70 percent of the lower living standard income level. (c) Authorization of appropriations There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.

“rural area” applies in that section

the term “rural area” means an area with a population of less than 200,000 outside an urbanized area. (5) Eligibility To participate in arbitration under this subsection, an applicant— (A) shall submit the dispute to the arbitration process established under the authority granted under section 601 of Public Law 111–5 ; and (B) may submit a request for arbitration after the completion of the first appeal under subsection (a) at any time before the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency has issued a final agency determination or 180 days after the Administrator’s receipt of the appeal if the Administrator has not provided the applicant with a final determination on the …

“essential service provider” applies in that section

the term “essential service provider” means an entity that— (1) (A) provides (i) wireline or mobile telephone service, Internet access service, radio or television broadcasting, cable service, or direct broadcast satellite service; (ii) electrical power; (iii) natural gas; (iv) water and sewer services; or (v) any other essential service, as determined by the President; or (B) is a tower owner or operator; (2) is— (A) a municipal entity; (B) a nonprofit entity; or (C) a private, for profit entity; and (3) is contributing to efforts to respond to an emergency or major disaster.

“Administrator” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. (8) Neighboring countries

“emergency preparedness” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “emergency preparedness” means all those activities and measures designed or undertaken to prepare for or minimize the effects of a hazard upon the civilian population, to deal with the immediate emergency conditions which would be created by the hazard, and to effectuate emergency repairs to, or the emergency restoration of, vital utilities and facilities destroyed or damaged by the hazard.

“hazard” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “hazard” means an emergency or disaster resulting from— (A) a natural disaster; or (B) an accidental or man-caused event. (2) Natural disaster

“materials” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “materials” includes raw materials, supplies, medicines, equipment, component parts and technical information and processes necessary for emergency preparedness. (6) Facilities The term “facilities”, except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, includes buildings, shelters, utilities, and land. (7) Administrator

“natural disaster” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “natural disaster” means any hurricane, tornado, storm, flood, high water, wind-driven water, tidal wave, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide, mudslide, snowstorm, drought, fire, or other catastrophe in any part of the United States which causes, or which may cause, substantial damage or injury to civilian property or persons. (3) Emergency preparedness

“neighboring countries” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “neighboring countries” includes Canada and Mexico. (9) United States and States

“organizational equipment” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “organizational equipment” means equipment determined by the Administrator to be necessary to an emergency preparedness organization, as distinguished from personal equipment, and of such a type or nature as to require it to be financed in whole or in part by the Federal Government. Such term does not include those items which the local community normally uses in combating local disasters, except when required in unusual quantities dictated by the requirements of the emergency preparedness plans. (5) Materials

“State” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “State” includes interstate emergency preparedness authorities established under section 5196(h) of this title . (b) Cross reference The terms “national defense” and “defense,” 2 as used in the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. App. 2061 et seq.), 3 includes 1 emergency preparedness activities conducted pursuant to this subchapter.

“States” applies throughout its subchapter

The terms “United States” and “States” includes 1 the several States, the District of Columbia, and territories and possessions of the United States. (10) State

“United States” applies throughout its subchapter

The terms “United States” and “States” includes 1 the several States, the District of Columbia, and territories and possessions of the United States. (10) State

“critical infrastructure” applies in that section

the term “critical infrastructure” means systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital to the United States that the incapacity or destruction of such systems and assets would have a debilitating impact on security, national economic security, national public health or safety, or any combination of those matters. (f) Authorization of appropriations There is hereby authorized for the Department of Defense for fiscal year 2002, $20,000,000 for the Defense Threat Reduction Agency for activities of the National Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis Center under this section in that fiscal year.

“person” applies in that section

the term “person” means the political subdivision of any State or combination or group thereof or any person, corporation, association, or other entity of any nature whatsoever, including instrumentalities of States and political subdivisions.

“disaster” applies in that section

the term “disaster” means a declaration of a major disaster by the President after September 1, 1989 , pursuant to section 5170 of this title ; and;

“insular area” applies in that section

the term “insular area” means any of the following: American Samoa, the Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, the Marshall Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the Virgin Islands;

“Secretary” applies in that section

the term “Secretary” means the Secretary of the Interior.

“covered disaster assistance” applies in that section

the term “covered disaster assistance” means assistance— (1) provided to a local government pursuant to section 5170b, 5172, or 5173 of this title; and (2) with respect to which the inspector general of the Department of Homeland Security has determined, after an audit, that— (A) the Agency deployed to the local government a Technical Assistance Contractor to review field operations, provide eligibility advice, and assist with day-to-day decisions; (B) the Technical Assistance Contractor provided inaccurate information to the local government; and (C) the local government relied on the inaccurate information to determine that relevant contracts were eligible, reasonable, and reimbursable.

“debar” applies in that section

the term “debar” has the meaning given the term in section 4654(c) of title 10 .

“adjusted age of housing” applies throughout its chapter

The term “adjusted age of housing” means the arithmetic product of the age of housing in the metropolitan city or urban county multiplied times the adjustment factor.;

“adjustment factor” applies throughout its chapter

The term “adjustment factor” means the ratio between the age of housing in the metropolitan city or urban county and the predicted age of housing in such city or county.;

“age of housing” applies throughout its chapter

The term “age of housing” means the number of existing housing units constructed in 1939 or earlier based on data compiled by the United States Bureau of the Census and referable to the same point or period in time.;

“buildings for the general conduct of government” applies throughout its chapter

The term “buildings for the general conduct of government” means city halls, county administrative buildings, State capitol or office buildings, or other facilities in which the legislative or general administrative affairs of the government are conducted. Such term does not include such facilities as neighborhood service centers or special purpose buildings located in low- and moderate-income areas that house various nonlegislative functions or services provided by government at decentralized locations.;

“city” applies throughout its chapter

The term “city” means (A) any unit of general local government which is classified as a municipality by the United States Bureau of the Census or (B) any other unit of general local government which is a town or township and which, in the determination of the Secretary, (i) possesses powers and performs functions comparable to these associated with municipalities, (ii) is closely settled, and (iii) contains within its boundaries no incorporated places as defined by the United States Bureau of the Census which have not entered into cooperation agreements with such town or township to undertake or to assist in the undertaking of essential community development and housing assistance …

“extent of growth lag” applies throughout its chapter

The term “extent of growth lag” means the number of persons who would have been residents in a metropolitan city or urban county, in excess of the current population of such metropolitan city or urban county, if such metropolitan city or urban county had had a population growth rate between 1960 and the date of the most recent population count referable to the same point or period in time equal to the population growth rate for such period of all metropolitan cities.

“extent of housing overcrowding” applies throughout its chapter

The term “extent of housing overcrowding” means the number of housing units with 1.01 or more persons per room based on data compiled by the United States Bureau of the Census and referable to the same point or period in time.;

“extent of poverty” applies throughout its chapter

The term “extent of poverty” means the number of persons whose incomes are below the poverty level. Poverty levels shall be determined by the Secretary pursuant to criteria provided by the Office of Management and Budget, taking into account and making adjustments, if feasible and appropriate and in the sole discretion of the Secretary, for regional or area variations in income and cost of living, and shall be based on data referable to the same point or period in time.;

“Federal grant-in-aid program” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Federal grant-in-aid program” means a program of Federal financial assistance other than loans and other than the assistance provided by this chapter.;

“housing stock” applies throughout its chapter

The term “housing stock” means the number of existing housing units based on data compiled by the United States Bureau of the Census and referable to the same point or period in time.;

“Indian tribe” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Indian tribe” means any Indian tribe, band, group, and nation, including Alaska Indians, Aleuts, and Eskimos, and any Alaskan Native Village, of the United States, which is considered an eligible recipient under the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act ( Public Law 93–638 ) [ 25 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.] or was considered an eligible recipient under chapter 67 of title 31 prior to the repeal of such chapter.;

“insular area” applies throughout its chapter

The term “insular area” means each of Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands, and American Samoa.;

“low- and moderate-income persons” applies throughout its chapter

The terms “persons of low and moderate income” and “low- and moderate-income persons” mean families and individuals whose incomes do not exceed 80 percent of the median income of the area involved, as determined by the Secretary with adjustments for smaller and larger families.

“major disaster” applies throughout its chapter

The term “major disaster” has the meaning given the term in section 5122 of this title . (b) Basis and modification of definitions Where appropriate, the definitions in subsection (a) shall be based, with respect to any fiscal year, on the most recent data compiled by the United States Bureau of the Census and the latest published reports of the Office of Management and Budget available ninety days prior to the beginning of such fiscal year.

“metropolitan area” applies throughout its chapter

The term “metropolitan area” means a standard metropolitan statistical area as established by the Office of Management and Budget.;

“metropolitan city” applies throughout its chapter

The term “metropolitan city” means (A) a city within a metropolitan area which is the central city of such area, as defined and used by the Office of Management and Budget, or (B) any other city, within a metropolitan area, which has a population of fifty thousand or more. Any city that was classified as a metropolitan city for at least 2 years pursuant to the first sentence of this paragraph shall remain classified as a metropolitan city.

“microenterprise” applies throughout its chapter

The term “microenterprise” means a commercial enterprise that has 5 or fewer employees, 1 or more of whom owns the enterprise.;

“nonentitlement area” applies throughout its chapter

The term “nonentitlement area” means an area which is not a metropolitan city or part of an urban county and does not include Indian tribes.;

“persons of extremely low income” applies throughout its chapter

The term “persons of extremely low income” means families and individuals whose income levels do not exceed household income levels determined by the Secretary under section 1437a(b)(2)(C) of this title , except that the Secretary may provide alternative definitions for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the United States Virgin Islands, and American Samoa. (C) 3 The Secretary may establish percentages of median income for any area that are higher or lower than the percentages set forth in subparagraph (A) or (B), if the Secretary finds such variations to be necessary because of unusually high or low family incomes in such area.

“persons of low and moderate income” applies throughout its chapter

The terms “persons of low and moderate income” and “low- and moderate-income persons” mean families and individuals whose incomes do not exceed 80 percent of the median income of the area involved, as determined by the Secretary with adjustments for smaller and larger families.

“persons of low income” applies throughout its chapter

The term “persons of low income” means families and individuals whose incomes do not exceed 50 percent of the median income of the area involved, as determined by the Secretary with adjustments for smaller and larger families.

“persons of moderate income” applies throughout its chapter

The term “persons of moderate income” means families and individuals whose incomes exceed 50 percent, but do not exceed 80 percent, of the median income of the area involved, as determined by the Secretary with adjustments for smaller and larger families. For purposes of such terms, the area involved shall be determined in the same manner as such area is determined for purposes of assistance under section 1437f of this title .;

“population” applies throughout its chapter

The term “population” means total resident population based on data compiled by the United States Bureau of the Census and referable to the same point or period in time.;

“predicted age of housing” applies throughout its chapter

The term “predicted age of housing” means the arithmetic product of the housing stock in the metropolitan city or urban county multiplied times the ratio between the age of housing in all metropolitan areas and the housing stock in all metropolitan areas.;

“Secretary” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. (20);

“small business” applies throughout its chapter

The term “small business” means a business that meets the criteria set forth in section 632(a) of title 15 .;

“State” applies throughout its chapter

The term “State” means any State of the United States, or any instrumentality thereof approved by the Governor; and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.;

“unit of general local government” applies throughout its chapter

The term “unit of general local government” means any city, county, town, township, parish, village, or other general purpose political subdivision of a State; Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands, and American Samoa, or a general purpose political subdivision thereof; a combination of such political subdivisions that, except as provided in section 5306(d)(4) of this title , is recognized by the Secretary; and the District of Columbia.

“urban county” applies throughout its chapter

The term “urban county” means any county within a metropolitan area which— (i) is authorized under State law to undertake essential community development and housing assistance activities in its unincorporated areas, if any, which are not units of general local government; and (ii) either— (I) has a population of 200,000 or more (excluding the population of metropolitan cities therein) and has a combined population of 100,000 or more (excluding the population of metropolitan cities therein) in such unincorporated areas and in its included units of general local government (and in the case of counties having a combined population of less than 200,000, the areas and units of general local …

“technical assistance” applies in that section

the term “technical assistance” means the facilitating of skills and knowledge in planning, developing, and administering activities under this chapter in entities that may need but do not possess such skills and knowledge, and includes assessing programs and activities under this chapter; except that any recipient of a grant under this paragraph that provides technical assistance pursuant to this paragraph shall provide for the notification of the availability of such assistance and shall have specific criteria for selection of recipients of such assistance that are published and publicly available; (4) to States and units of general local government and institutions of higher education …

“eligible public entity” applies in that section

the term “eligible public entity” means any unit of general local government, including units of general local government in nonentitlement areas. (p) Training and information activities relating to home guarantee program (1) The Secretary, in cooperation with eligible public entities, shall carry out training and information activities with respect to the guarantee program under this section. Such activities shall commence not later than 1 year after November 28, 1990 . 3 (2) The Secretary may use amounts set aside under section 5307 of this title to carry out this subsection.

“youth organization” applies in that section

the term “youth organization” means an organization described under part B of subtitle II of title 36 that is intended to serve individuals under the age of 21 years. (2) In general No State or unit of general local government that has a designated open forum, limited public forum, or nonpublic forum and that is a recipient of assistance under this chapter shall deny equal access or a fair opportunity to meet to, or discriminate against, any youth organization, including the Boy Scouts of America or any group officially affiliated with the Boy Scouts of America, that wishes to conduct a meeting or otherwise participate in that designated open forum, limited public forum, or nonpublic forum.

“city” applies in that section

the term “city” includes Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands, and Indian tribes. Such term also includes the counties of Kauai, Maui and Hawaii in the State of Hawaii. (2) The Secretary may not approve a grant to an Indian tribe under this section unless the tribe (A) is located on a reservation, or on former Indian reservations in Oklahoma as determined by the Secretary of the Interior, or in an Alaskan Native Village, and (B) was an eligible recipient under chapter 67 of title 31 prior to the repeal of such chapter.

“operation” applies in that section

the term “operation” includes any plant, equipment, facility, position, employment opportunity, production capacity, or product line. (7) Regulations Not later than 60 days after February 5, 1988 , the Secretary shall issue such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this subsection. Such regulations shall include specific criteria to be used by the Secretary in determining whether there is a significant and adverse effect under paragraph (3).

“eligible neighborhood development activity” applies in that section

The term “eligible neighborhood development activity” means— (A) creating permanent jobs in the neighborhood; (B) establishing or expanding businesses within the neighborhood; (C) developing, rehabilitating, or managing neighborhood housing stock; (D) developing delivery mechanisms for essential services that have lasting benefit to the neighborhood; or (E) planning, promoting, or financing voluntary neighborhood improvement efforts.;

“eligible neighborhood development organization” applies in that section

The term “eligible neighborhood development organization” means— (A) (i) an entity organized as a private, voluntary, nonprofit corporation under the laws of the State in which it operates; (ii) an organization that is responsible to residents of its neighborhood through a governing body, not less than 51 per centum of the members of which are residents of the area served; (iii) an organization that has conducted business for at least one year prior to the date of application for participation; (iv) an organization that operates within an area that— (I) meets the requirements for Federal assistance under section 5318 of this title ; (II) is designated as an enterprise zone under Federal …

“neighborhood development funding organization” applies in that section

The term “neighborhood development funding organization” means— (A) a depository institution the accounts of which are insured pursuant to the Federal Deposit Insurance Act [ 12 U.S.C. 1811 et seq.] or the Federal Credit Union Act [ 12 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.], and any subsidiary (as such term is defined in section 3(w) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act [ 12 U.S.C. 1813(w) ]) thereof; (B) a depository institution holding company and any subsidiary thereof (as such term is defined in section 3(w) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act [ 12 U.S.C.

“Secretary” applies in that section

The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. (b) Duties of Secretary (1) The Secretary shall carry out, in accordance with this section, a program to support eligible neighborhood development activities by providing Federal matching funds to eligible neighborhood development organizations on the basis of the monetary support such organizations have received from individuals, businesses, and nonprofit or other organizations in their neighborhoods, and from neighborhood development funding organizations, prior to receiving assistance under this section.

“community development financial institution” applies in that section

The term “community development financial institution” means an institution that has been certified as a community development financial institution (as defined in section 4702 of title 12 ) by the Secretary of the Treasury. (2) Eligible manufactured housing community

“eligible manufactured housing community” applies in that section

The term “eligible manufactured housing community” means a manufactured housing community that— (A) is affordable to low- and moderate-income persons, as determined by the Secretary, but not more than 120 percent of the area median income; and (B) (i) is owned by the residents of the manufactured housing community through a resident-controlled entity such as a resident-owned cooperative; or (ii) will be maintained as such a community, and remain affordable for low- and moderate-income persons, to the maximum extent practicable and for the longest period feasible. (3) Eligible recipient

“eligible recipient” applies in that section

The term “eligible recipient” means— (A) an eligible manufactured housing community; (B) a unit of general local government; (C) a housing authority; (D) a resident-owned community; (E) a resident-owned cooperative; (F) a nonprofit entity with housing expertise or a consortium of such entities; (G) a community development financial institution; (H) an Indian tribe; (I) a tribally designated housing entity; (J) the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands; (K) a State; or (L) any other entity that is— (i) an owner-operator of an eligible manufactured housing community; and (ii) working with an eligible manufactured housing community. (4) Indian tribe

“Indian tribe” applies in that section

The term “Indian tribe” has the meaning given the term “Indian tribe” in section 4103 of title 25 . (5) Manufactured housing community

“manufactured housing community” applies in that section

The term “manufactured housing community” means— (A) any community, court, park, or other land under unified ownership developed and accommodating, or equipped to accommodate, the placement of manufactured homes, where— (i) spaces within such community are or will be primarily used for residential occupancy; (ii) all homes within the community are used for permanent occupancy; and (iii) a majority of such occupied spaces within the community are occupied by manufactured homes, which may include homes constructed prior to enactment of the Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards; or (B) any community that meets the definition of manufactured housing community used for programs …

“resident health, safety, and accessibility activities” applies in that section

The term “resident health, safety, and accessibility activities” means the reconstruction, repair, or replacement of manufactured housing and manufactured housing communities to— (A) protect the health and safety of residents; (B) address weatherization and reduce utility costs; or (C) address accessibility needs for residents with disabilities. (7) Tribally designated housing entity

“tribally designated housing entity” applies in that section

The term “tribally designated housing entity” has the meaning given the term in section 4103 of title 25 . (b) Establishment There is authorized a competitive grant program that the Secretary shall, by notice, carry out to make awards utilizing funds appropriated for such purpose to eligible recipients to carry out eligible projects for development of or improvements to eligible manufactured housing communities.

“hazard-prone areas” applies in that section

the term “hazard-prone areas”— (i) means areas identified by the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, at risk from natural hazards that threaten property damage or health, safety, and welfare, such as floods, wildfires (including Wildland-Urban Interface areas), earthquakes, lava inundation, tornados, and high winds; and (ii) includes areas having special flood hazards as identified under the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973 ( 42 U.S.C. 4002 et seq.) or the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 ( 42 U.S.C. 4001 et seq.).

“Indian tribe” applies in that section

the term “Indian tribe” has the meaning given the term in section 4103 of title 25 .

“covered manufactured home” applies in that section

the term “covered manufactured home” means a home that is— (i) not considered a manufactured home under the laws and regulations of a State because the home is constructed without a permanent chassis; (ii) considered a manufactured home under the definition of the term in section 5402 of this title ; and (iii) constructed after July 11, 2026 .

“dominance” applies in that section

the term “dominance” means a position or exercise of dominant authority, leadership, or influence by reason of superior leverage, strength, or representation. (F) Additional qualifications (i) Financial independence No individual appointed under subparagraph (D)(ii) shall have, and three of the individuals appointed under subparagraph (D)(iii) shall not have— (I) a significant financial interest in any segment of the manufactured housing industry; or (II) a significant relationship to any person engaged in the manufactured housing industry.

“FHA manufactured home loan” applies in that section

The term “FHA manufactured home loan” means a loan that— (A) is insured under title I of the National Housing Act [ 12 U.S.C. 1702 et seq.] and is made for the purpose of financing alterations, repairs, or improvements on or in connection with an existing manufactured home, the purchase of a manufactured home, the purchase of a manufactured home and a lot on which to place the home, or the purchase only of a lot on which to place a manufactured home; or (B) is otherwise insured under the National Housing Act [ 12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] and made for or in connection with a manufactured home.

“government-sponsored housing entities” applies in that section

The term “government-sponsored housing entities” means the Government National Mortgage Association of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Federal National Mortgage Association, and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. (2) FHA manufactured home loan

“antitrust laws” applies in that section

the term “antitrust laws” includes, but is not limited to, the Act of July 2, 1890 , as amended; the Act of October 14, 1914 , as amended; the Federal Trade Commission Act ( 15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.); and sections 73 and 74 of the Act of August 27, 1894 , as amended.

“Administrator” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;

“residential dwellings” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “residential dwellings” includes previously occupied and new single family and multifamily dwellings, mobile homes, and publicly assisted housing owned by a private sponsor or a State or local housing authority not covered by section 5515 of this title ;

“Secretary” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development; and (6) Omitted.

“federally assisted mortgage loan” applies in that section

the term “federally assisted mortgage loan” means a mortgage loan which— (1) is made in whole or in part by any lender the deposits or accounts of which are insured by any agency of the Federal Government, or is made in whole or in part by any lender which is itself regulated by any agency of the Federal Government; or (2) is made in whole or in part, or insured, guaranteed, supplemented, or assisted in any way, by the Secretary or any other officer or agency of the Federal Government or under or in connection with a housing, urban development, or related program administered by the Secretary or a housing or related program administered by any other such officer or agency; or (3) is …

“federally constructed housing” applies in that section

the term “federally constructed housing” means (1) residential or multifamily housing which is constructed by agencies of the Federal Government to provide dwelling accommodations for particular types or classes of persons under programs administered by such Federal agencies (including all housing constructed by the Department of Defense to provide dwelling accommodations for personnel of the armed services or for such personnel and their families), and (2) residential or multifamily housing which is constructed by agencies of State or local government, with financial assistance in any form from the Federal Government, to provide dwelling accommodations for particular types or classes of …

“mortgage loan” applies in that section

the term “mortgage loan” means a loan which is made to finance the purchase or construction of a residence or any other building or structure; and

“nuclear energy center site” applies in that section

the term “nuclear energy center site” means any site, including a site not restricted to land, large enough to support utility operations or other elements of the total nuclear fuel cycle, or both including, if appropriate, nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities, nuclear fuel fabrication plants, retrievable nuclear waste storage facilities, and unranium 2 enrichment facilities.

“employer” applies in that section

the term “employer” includes— (A) a licensee of the Commission or of an agreement State under section 274 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 ( 42 U.S.C. 2021 ); (B) an applicant for a license from the Commission or such an agreement State; (C) a contractor or subcontractor of such a licensee or applicant; (D) a contractor or subcontractor of the Department of Energy that is indemnified by the Department under section 170 d. of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 ( 42 U.S.C. 2210(d) ), but such term shall not include any contractor or subcontractor covered by Executive Order No. 12344; (E) a contractor or subcontractor of the Commission; (F) the Commission; and (G) the Department of Energy.

“contract” applies in that section

the term “contract” means any contract, grant, agreement, understanding, or other arrangement, which includes research, development, or demonstration work, and includes any assignment, substitution of parties, or subcontract executed or entered into thereunder; (3) the term “made”, when used in relation to any invention, means the conception or first actual reduction to practice of such invention;

“contractor” applies in that section

the term “contractor” means any person having a contract with or on behalf of the Department. (n) Report concerning applicability of existing patent policies to energy programs; time for submission to President and appropriate congressional committees Within twelve months after December 31, 1974 , the Secretary with the participation of the Attorney General, the Secretary of Commerce, and other officials as the President may designate, shall submit to the President and the appropriate congressional committees a report concerning the applicability of existing patent policies affecting the programs under this chapter, along with his recommendations for amendments or additions to the statutory …

“invention” applies in that section

the term “invention” means inventions or discoveries, whether patented or unpatented; and;

“person” applies in that section

the term “person” means any individual, partnership, corporation, association, institution, or other entity;

“antitrust law” applies in that section

the term “antitrust law” means— (1) the Act entitled “An Act to protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies”, approved July 2, 1890 ( 15 U.S.C. 1 et seq.), as amended; (2) the Act entitled “An Act to supplement existing laws against unlawful restraints and monopolies, and for other purposes”, approved October 15, 1914 ( 15 U.S.C. 12 et seq.) as amended; (3) the Federal Trade Commission Act ( 15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.), as amended; (4) sections 73 and 74 of the Act entitled “An Act to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Government, and for other purposes”, approved August 27, 1894 ( 15 U.S.C.

“Commission” applies throughout its chapter

the term “Commission” means the Commission on Civil Rights;

“Federal department or agency” applies throughout its chapter

the term “Federal department or agency” means any agency as defined in section 551 of title 5 and includes the United States Postal Service and the Postal Regulatory Commission; and;

“program or activity” applies throughout its chapter

the term “program or activity” means all of the operations of— (A) (i) a department, agency, special purpose district, or other instrumentality of a State or of a local government; or (ii) the entity of such State or local government that distributes such assistance and each such department or agency (and each other State or local government entity) to which the assistance is extended, in the case of assistance to a State or local government; (B) (i) a college, university, or other postsecondary institution, or a public system of higher education; or (ii) a local educational agency (as defined in section 7801 of title 20 ), system of vocational education, or other school system; (C) (i) an …

“Secretary” applies throughout its chapter

the term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Health and Human Services;

“antitrust laws” applies throughout its chapter

The term “antitrust laws” includes— (A) the Act entitled “An Act to protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies”, approved July 2, 1890 ( 15 U.S.C. 1 , et seq.); (B) the Act entitled “An Act to supplement existing laws against unlawful restraints and monopolies, and for other purposes”, approved October 15, 1914 ( 15 U.S.C. 12 , et seq.); (C) the Federal Trade Commission Act ( 15 U.S.C. 41 , et seq.); (D) sections 73 and 74 of the Act entitled “An Act to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Government, and for other purpose”, approved August 27, 1894 ( 15 U.S.C. 8 and 9); and (E) the Act of June 19, 1936 , chapter 592 ( 15 U.S.C. 13 , 13a, 13b, and 21A).;

“Federal land” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Federal land” means all lands owned or controlled by the United States, including the Outer Continental Shelf, and any land in which the United States has reserved mineral interests, except lands— (A) held in trust for Indians or Alaska Natives, (B) owned by Indians or Alaska Natives with Federal restrictions on the title, (C) within any area of the National Park System, the National Wildlife Refuge System, the National Wilderness Preservation System, the National System of Trails, or the Wild and Scenic Rivers System, or (D) within military reservations.

“international energy program” applies throughout its chapter

The term “international energy program” means the Agreement on an International Energy Program, signed by the United States on November 18, 1974 , including (A) the annex entitled “Emergency Reserves”, (B) any amendment to such Agreement which includes another nation as a party to such Agreement, and (C) any technical or clerical amendment to such Agreement.;

“Outer Continental Shelf” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Outer Continental Shelf” has the same meaning as such term has under section 1331 of title 43 .;

“person” applies throughout its chapter

The term “person” includes (A) any individual, (B) any corporation, company, association, firm, partnership, society, trust, joint venture, or joint stock company, and (C) the government and any agency of the United States or any State or political subdivision thereof.;

“petroleum product” applies throughout its chapter

The term “petroleum product” means crude oil, residual fuel oil, or any refined petroleum product (including any natural liquid and any natural gas liquid product).;

“Secretary” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Energy.;

“severe energy supply interruption” applies throughout its chapter

The term “severe energy supply interruption” means a national energy supply shortage which the President determines— (A) is, or is likely to be, of significant scope and duration, and of an emergency nature; (B) may cause major adverse impact on national safety or the national economy; and (C) results, or is likely to result, from (i) an interruption in the supply of imported petroleum products, (ii) an interruption in the supply of domestic petroleum products, or (iii) sabotage, an act of terrorism, or an act of God.;

“State” applies throughout its chapter

The term “State” means a State, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, or any territory or possession of the United States. (5) The term “United States” when used in the geographical sense means all of the States and the Outer Continental Shelf.;

“major oil company” applies in that section

The term “major oil company” means any person who, individually or together with any other person with respect to which such person has an affiliate relationship or significant ownership interest, produced during a prior 6–month period specified by the Secretary, an average daily volume of 1,600,000 barrels of crude oil, natural gas liquids equivalents, and natural gas equivalents. (2) One barrel of natural gas equivalent equals 5,626 cubic feet of natural gas measured at 14.73 pounds per square inch (MSL) and 60 degrees Fahrenheit. (3) One barrel of natural gas liquids equivalent equals 1.454 barrels of natural gas liquids at 60 degrees Fahrenheit.

“importer” applies throughout its part

The term “importer” means any person who owns, at the first place of storage, any petroleum product imported into the United States. (3) Repealed. Pub. L. 106–469, title I, § 103(5)(A) , Nov. 9, 2000 , 114 Stat. 2029 .;

“interest in land” applies throughout its part

The term “interest in land” means any ownership or possessory right with respect to real property, including ownership in fee, an easement, a leasehold, and any subsurface or mineral rights.;

“readily available inventories” applies throughout its part

The term “readily available inventories” means stocks and supplies of petroleum products which can be distributed or used without affecting the ability of the importer or refiner to operate at normal capacity; such term does not include minimum working inventories or other unavailable stocks.;