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10 U.S.C. § 431 — Authority to engage in commercial activities as security for intelligence collection activities

submitted 35 years ago by Pub. L. 102-88 to r/title-10-ARMED-FORCES · 227 words · no verdicts yet

in plain englishAI-generated · not legal advice

The Secretary of Defense may run commercial activities to protect foreign intelligence collection by the Defense Department. No new commercial activity under this law may start after December 31, 2028. These activities must be coordinated with the CIA, and with the FBI when they happen inside the U.S.

This section lets the Defense Department run cover commercial businesses to protect its overseas intelligence work. (a) The Secretary of Defense may authorize commercial activities needed to provide security for the Defense Department's authorized foreign intelligence collection activities. No commercial activity under this law may start after December 31, 2028. (b) Any such activity must be coordinated ahead of time with the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, using procedures the Secretary of Defense and the Director agree on together, and the Director must support it when appropriate. If the activity takes place inside the United States, it must also be coordinated with, and supported when appropriate by, the Director of the FBI. (c) This subchapter defines two terms. "Commercial activities" means activities run the way normal businesses are run, including: (A) buying, using, selling, storing, and disposing of goods and services; (B) signing employment contracts, leases, and other agreements for real or personal property; (C) putting money into, and taking money out of, domestic and foreign commercial banks or other financial institutions; (D) getting licenses, registrations, permits, and insurance; and (E) setting up corporations, partnerships, and other legal entities. "Intelligence collection activities" means collecting foreign intelligence and counterintelligence information.
the actual law source: uscode.house.gov ↗public domain
(a)Authority.—

The Secretary of Defense, subject to the provisions of this subchapter, may authorize the conduct of those commercial activities necessary to provide security for authorized intelligence collection activities abroad undertaken by the Department of Defense. No commercial activity may be initiated pursuant to this subchapter after December 31, 2028.

(b)Interagency Coordination and Support.—

Any such activity shall—

(1)
(A)

be pre-coordinated with the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency using procedures mutually agreed upon by the Secretary of Defense and the Director; and

(B)

where appropriate, be supported by the Director; and

(2)

to the extent the activity takes place within the United States, be coordinated with, and (where appropriate) be supported by, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

(c)Definitions.—

In this subchapter:

(1)

The term “commercial activities” means activities that are conducted in a manner consistent with prevailing commercial practices and includes—

(A)

the acquisition, use, sale, storage and disposal of goods and services;

(B)

entering into employment contracts and leases and other agreements for real and personal property;

(C)

depositing funds into and withdrawing funds from domestic and foreign commercial business or financial institutions;

(D)

acquiring licenses, registrations, permits, and insurance; and

(E)

establishing corporations, partnerships, and other legal entities.

(2)

The term “intelligence collection activities” means the collection of foreign intelligence and counterintelligence information.

Source credit: (Added Pub. L. 102–88, title V, § 504(a)(2), Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 437; amended Pub. L. 104–93, title V, § 503, Jan. 6, 1996, 109 Stat. 973; Pub. L. 105–272, title V, § 501, Oct. 20, 1998, 112 Stat. 2404; Pub. L. 106–398, § 1 [[div. A], title X, § 1077], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–282; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title X, § 1053, Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2649; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title IX, § 921, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2029; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title IX, § 931, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2362; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title IX, § 931(b)(1), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 285; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, § 932(a)(7), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4576; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title X, § 1073(c)(10), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2475; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title IX, § 921, Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4330; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title XVI, § 1623, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3632; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title XVI, § 1622, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1732; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XVIII, § 1802, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 685; Pub. L. 118–159, div. A, title XVI, § 1611, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2166.)

history & why it existsrecord from the source credit
  • 1991Enacted · Pub. L. 102-88 · 105 Stat. 437
  • 1996Amended · Pub. L. 104-93 · 109 Stat. 973
  • 1998Amended · Pub. L. 105-272 · 112 Stat. 2404
  • 2000Amended · Pub. L. 106-398 · 114 Stat. 1654, 1654
  • 2002Amended · Pub. L. 107-314 · 116 Stat. 2649
  • 2004Amended · Pub. L. 108-375 · 118 Stat. 2029
  • 2006Amended · Pub. L. 109-364 · 120 Stat. 2362
  • 2008Amended · Pub. L. 110-181 · 122 Stat. 285
  • 2008Amended · Pub. L. 110-417 · 122 Stat. 4576
  • 2009Amended · Pub. L. 111-84 · 123 Stat. 2475
  • 2011Amended · Pub. L. 111-383 · 124 Stat. 4330
  • 2014Amended · Pub. L. 113-291 · 128 Stat. 3632
  • 2017Amended · Pub. L. 115-91 · 131 Stat. 1732
  • 2023Amended · Pub. L. 118-31 · 137 Stat. 685
  • 2024Amended · Pub. L. 118-159 · 138 Stat. 2166

A history note hasn’t been published yet. The record shows enactment by Pub. L. 102-88 on 1991-08-14.

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