10 U.S.C. § 899 — Art. 99. Misbehavior before the enemy

A member of the armed forces^* who, before or in the presence of the enemy—

(1) runs away;

(2) shamefully abandons, surrenders, or gives up a command, unit, place, or military property that the member must defend;

(3) endangers the safety of such a command, unit, place, or military property through disobedience, neglect, or intentional misconduct;

(4) throws away the member’s arms or ammunition;

(5) engages in cowardly conduct;

(6) leaves the member’s duty station to plunder or pillage;

(7) causes false alarms in a command, unit, or place controlled by the armed forces;

(8) willfully fails to do everything practicable to encounter, engage, capture, or destroy enemy troops, combatants, vessels, aircraft, or anything else the member has a duty to encounter, engage, capture, or destroy; or

(9) fails to give all practicable relief and assistance to United States or allied armed-forces troops, combatants, vessels, or aircraft while they are engaged in battle,

shall be punished by death or by another punishment that a court-martial directs.