22 U.S.C. § 8572 — Imposition of sanctions with respect to Iranian petroleum

(a) In general. Starting 180 days after April 24, 2024, and except as allowed under subsection (e)(2), the President must impose the sanctions in subsection (c) on any foreign person the President determines knowingly did one of the things listed in subsection (b), on or after April 24, 2024. (b) Activities described. A foreign person triggers this section if they: (1) own or run a foreign port that knowingly lets dock a vessel that (A) is on the Treasury Department's sanctions list for carrying Iranian crude oil or petroleum products, or (B) is otherwise, through its owner or operator, involved in a significant transaction to transport, offload, or deal in condensate, refined or unrefined petroleum, or other petrochemical products from Iran; (2) own or run a vessel used to knowingly conduct a significant ship-to-ship transfer of any Iranian petroleum product; (3) own or run a refinery used to knowingly process, refine, or otherwise deal in a significant transaction involving any Iranian petroleum product; (4) are a "covered family member" (defined elsewhere) of someone described in (1), (2), or (3); or (5) are owned or controlled by someone described in (1), (2), or (3), and knowingly do what that person does. (c) Sanctions described. (1) Sanctions on foreign vessels. Subject to regulations, the President may bar a vessel described in (b)(1)(A) or (b)(1)(B) from landing at any U.S. port — for up to 2 years for a (b)(1)(A) vessel, starting when sanctions are imposed on the related port, and for up to 2 years for a (b)(1)(B) vessel. (2) Blocking of property. The President must use all powers under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act to block all transactions in the person's property that is in the U.S., enters the U.S., or comes under the control of a U.S. person. (3) Ineligibility for visas, admission, or parole. (A) An alien described in subsection (a) is inadmissible to the U.S., ineligible for a visa, and ineligible for any other Immigration and Nationality Act benefit. (B) Current visas revoked. Any visa or entry document the alien holds is revoked immediately, regardless of when it was issued, and this automatically cancels any other valid visa the alien has. (C) Exceptions. These visa sanctions don't apply if admitting the alien is necessary to (i) meet U.S. obligations under the UN Headquarters agreement or other international obligations, or (ii) carry out or assist U.S. law enforcement. (4) Penalties. The same penalties that apply under section 206(a) of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act apply to anyone who violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of this section or its regulations. (d) Rules of construction. (1) A foreign person is not considered to have "known" petroleum came from Iran if they relied on a certificate of origin or other documents showing the origin was a different country — unless they knew or had reason to know those documents were fake. (2) Nothing here limits any existing power to issue waivers, exceptions, exemptions, licenses, or other authorizations. (e) Implementation; regulations. (1) The President may use powers under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act to carry this out. (2) Deadline for regulations. Within 180 days after April 24, 2024, the President must issue the regulations needed to implement this subchapter. (3) Notification to Congress. At least 10 days before issuing those regulations, the President must brief and give written notice to the appropriate congressional committees about the proposed regulations and which provisions of this subchapter they implement. (f) Exception for humanitarian assistance. (1) Sanctions under this section don't apply to (A) conducting or helping with transactions for agricultural commodities, food, medicine, medical devices, or humanitarian assistance or purposes, or (B) transactions necessary for or related to those activities. (2) Definitions. "Agricultural commodity" has the meaning in section 5602 of title 7; "medical device" has the meaning of "device" in section 321 of title 21; "medicine" has the meaning of "drug" in section 321 of title 21. (g) Exception for safety of vessels and crew. Sanctions don't apply to someone providing supplies to a sanctioned vessel if those supplies are meant for crew safety and care, protecting human life aboard, or maintaining the vessel to prevent environmental or other significant damage. (h) Waiver. (1) The President may waive sanctions against a foreign person case-by-case, for up to 180 days at a time, if the President certifies to the appropriate congressional committees — within 15 days of the waiver taking effect — that the waiver is vital to U.S. national interests. (2) Special rule. The President doesn't have to impose sanctions on a person described in subsection (a) if the President certifies in writing to those committees that the person (A) is no longer doing the activities in subsection (b), or (B) has taken and keeps taking real, verifiable steps to permanently stop. (i) Termination. This section's authority ends 30 days after the President certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that (1) Iran's government no longer repeatedly supports international terrorism, as determined under section 4813(c)(1)(A) of title 50, section 2371 or 2780 of this title, or any other law; and (2) Iran has stopped pursuing, acquiring, and developing — and has verifiably dismantled — its nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, ballistic missiles, and ballistic missile launch technology.