r/title-22-FOREIGN-RELATIONS-AND-INTERCOURSE wiki — defined terms

“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its chapter

The term “appropriate congressional committees” means the Committee on International Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate. (3) Commercial activity

“commercial activity” applies throughout its chapter

The term “commercial activity” has the meaning given that term in section 1603(d) of title 28 . (4) Confiscated As used in subchapters I and III, the term “confiscated” refers to— (A) the nationalization, expropriation, or other seizure by the Cuban Government of ownership or control of property, on or after January 1, 1959 — (i) without the property having been returned or adequate and effective compensation provided; or (ii) without the claim to the property having been settled pursuant to an international claims settlement agreement or other mutually accepted settlement procedure; and (B) the repudiation by the Cuban Government of, the default by the Cuban Government on, or the failure …

“Cuban Government” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Cuban Government” includes the government of any political subdivision of Cuba, and any agency or instrumentality of the Government of Cuba. (B) For purposes of subparagraph (A),

“democratically elected government in Cuba” applies throughout its chapter

The term “democratically elected government in Cuba” means a government determined by the President to have met the requirements of section 6066 of this title . (7) Economic embargo of Cuba The term “economic embargo of Cuba” refers to— (A) the economic embargo (including all restrictions on trade or transactions with, and travel to or from, Cuba, and all restrictions on transactions in property in which Cuba or nationals of Cuba have an interest) that was imposed against Cuba pursuant to section 2370(a) of this title , section 4305(b) of title 50 , the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 ( 22 U.S.C.

“foreign national” applies throughout its chapter

The term “foreign national” means— (A) an alien; or (B) any corporation, trust, partnership, or other juridical entity not organized under the laws of the United States, or of any State, the District of Columbia, or any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States. (9) Knowingly

“knowingly” applies throughout its chapter

The term “knowingly” means with knowledge or having reason to know. (10) Official of the Cuban Government or the ruling political party in Cuba The term “official of the Cuban Government or the ruling political party in Cuba” refers to any member of the Council of Ministers, Council of State, central committee of the Communist Party of Cuba, or the Politburo of Cuba, or their equivalents. (11) Person

“person” applies throughout its chapter

The term “person” means any person or entity, including any agency or instrumentality of a foreign state. (12) Property;

“property” applies throughout its chapter

The term “property” means any property (including patents, copyrights, trademarks, and any other form of intellectual property), whether real, personal, or mixed, and any present, future, or contingent right, security, or other interest therein, including any leasehold interest. (B) For purposes of subchapter III of this chapter, the term “property” does not include real property used for residential purposes unless, as of March 12, 1996 — (i) the claim to the property is held by a United States national and the claim has been certified under title V of the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949 [ 22 U.S.C.

“transition government in Cuba” applies throughout its chapter

The term “transition government in Cuba” means a government that the President determines is a transition government consistent with the requirements and factors set forth in section 6065 of this title . (15) United States national

“United States national” applies throughout its chapter

The term “United States national” means— (A) any United States citizen; or (B) any other legal entity which is organized under the laws of the United States, or of any State, the District of Columbia, or any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States, and which has its principal place of business in the United States.

“permanent resident alien” applies in that section

the term “permanent resident alien” means an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence into the United States; and;

“United States agency” applies in that section

the term “United States agency” has the meaning given the term “agency” in section 551(1) of title 5 .

“international financial institution” applies in that section

the term “international financial institution” means the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Development Association, the International Finance Corporation, the Multilateral Investment Guaranty Agency, and the Inter-American Development Bank.

“assistance” applies in that section

the term “assistance” means assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [ 22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.], credits, sales, guarantees of extensions of credit, and other assistance under the Arms Export Control Act [ 22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.], assistance under titles I and III of the Food for Peace Act [ 7 U.S.C. 1701 et seq., 1727 et seq.], assistance under the FREEDOM Support Act, and any other program of assistance or credits provided by the United States to other countries under other provisions of law.

“fully reciprocal” applies in that section

the term “fully reciprocal” means that all news services, news organizations, and broadcasting services, including such services or organizations that receive financing, assistance, or other support from a governmental or official source, are permitted to establish and operate a news bureau in the United States and Cuba.

“joint resolution” applies in that section

the term “joint resolution” means only a joint resolution of the 2 Houses of Congress, the matter after the resolving clause of which is as follows: “That the Congress disapproves the action of the President under section 204(a) of the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996 to suspend the economic embargo of Cuba, notice of which was submitted to the Congress on __.”, with the blank space being filled with the appropriate date.

“agency head” applies throughout its chapter

the term “agency head” means— (A) in the case of the executive branch of Government or an agency of the legislative branch other than the House of Representatives or the Senate, the head of the respective agency; (B) in the case of the judicial branch of Government, the chief judge of the respective court; (C) in the case of the Senate, the President pro tempore, in consultation with the Majority Leader and Minority Leader of the Senate; and (D) in the case of the House of Representatives, the Speaker of the House, in consultation with the Majority Leader and Minority Leader of the House;

“agency of the United States Government” applies throughout its chapter

the term “agency of the United States Government” includes any agency of the legislative branch and any court of the judicial branch as well as any agency of the executive branch;

“Center” applies throughout its chapter

the term “Center” means the Mansfield Center for Pacific Affairs; and;

“detailee” applies throughout its chapter

the term “detailee” means an employee of an agency of the United States Government on assignment or loan to the Mansfield Center for Pacific Affairs without a change of position from the agency by which he or she is employed.

“grant” applies throughout its chapter

the term “grant” includes agreements under section 6305 of title 31 ; and;

“grantee” applies throughout its chapter

the term “grantee” includes recipients of an agreement described in paragraph (1). (b) Incorporation The Chief Executive Officer is authorized to incorporate grantees in accordance with the regular notification procedures of— (1) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; (2) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; (3) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and (4) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.

“Agency” applies throughout its chapter

the terms “Agency” and “Chief Executive Officer of the Agency” mean the United States Agency for Global Media and the Chief Executive Officer of the United States Agency for Global Media, respectively, and the position, respectively, authorized in accordance with this chapter;

“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its chapter

the term “appropriate congressional committees” means the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives;

“Chief Executive Officer of the Agency” applies throughout its chapter

the terms “Agency” and “Chief Executive Officer of the Agency” mean the United States Agency for Global Media and the Chief Executive Officer of the United States Agency for Global Media, respectively, and the position, respectively, authorized in accordance with this chapter;

“RFE/RL, Incorporated” applies throughout its chapter

the term “RFE/RL, Incorporated” means the corporation having the corporate title described in section 6207 of this title 1;

“salary or other compensation” applies throughout its chapter

the term “salary or other compensation” includes any deferred compensation or pension payments, any payments for expenses for which the recipient is not obligated to itemize, and any payments for personnel services provided to an employee of RFE/RL, Incorporated.

“surge capacity” applies in that section

the term “surge capacity” means the financial and technical resources necessary to carry out broadcasting activities in a geographical area during a crisis abroad. (4) Duration The President is authorized to exercise the authority provided in subsection (a)(1) for a period of up to six months, which may be renewed for one additional six month period.

“internet censorship circumvention tool” applies in that section

the term “internet censorship circumvention tool” means a software application or other tool that an individual can use to evade foreign government restrictions on internet access.

“requisite knowledge” applies in that section

the term “requisite knowledge” means situations in which a person “knows”, as “knowing” is defined in section 78dd–2 of title 15 . (b) Consultation with and actions by foreign government of jurisdiction (1) Consultations If the President makes a determination described in subsection (a)(1) with respect to a foreign person, the Congress urges the President to initiate consultations immediately with the government with primary jurisdiction over that foreign person with respect to the imposition of the sanction pursuant to this section.

“knowingly” applies in that section

the term “knowingly” means the state of mind of a person with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result in which— (A) such person is aware that such person is engaging in such conduct, that such circumstance exists, or that such result is substantially certain to occur; or (B) such person has a firm belief that such circumstance exists or that such result is substantially certain to occur.

“prohibited activity” applies in that section

the term “prohibited activity” means the act of knowingly, materially, and directly contributing or attempting to contribute, through the provision of financing, to— (1) the acquisition of unsafeguarded special nuclear material; or (2) the use, development, production, stockpiling, or other acquisition of any nuclear explosive device, by any individual, group, or non-nuclear-weapon state. (b) Prohibition To the extent that the United States has jurisdiction to prohibit such activity by such person, no United States person and no foreign person may engage in any prohibited activity.

“demarche” applies in that section

the term “demarche” means any official communication by one government to another, by written or oral means, intended by the originating government to express— (A) a concern over a past, present, or possible future action or activity of the recipient government, or of a person within the jurisdiction of that government, contributing to the global spread of unsafeguarded special nuclear material or of nuclear explosive devices; (B) a request for the recipient government to counter such action or activity; or (C) both the concern and request described in subparagraphs (A) and (B).

“foreign person” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “foreign person” means— (A) an individual who is not a citizen of the United States or an alien admitted for permanent residence to the United States; or (B) a corporation, partnership, or other nongovernment entity which is created or organized under the laws of a foreign country or which has its principal place of business outside the United States;

“goods or technology” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “goods or technology” means— (A) nuclear materials and equipment and sensitive nuclear technology (as such terms are defined in section 3203 of this title ), all export items designated by the President pursuant to section 2139a(c) of title 42 , and all technical assistance requiring authorization under section 2077(b) of title 42 , and (B) in the case of exports from a country other than the United States, any goods or technology that, if exported from the United States, would be goods or technology described in subparagraph (A);

“IAEA safeguards” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “IAEA safeguards” means the safeguards set forth in an agreement between a country and the International Atomic Energy Agency, as authorized by Article III(A)(5) of the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency;

“non-nuclear-weapon state” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “non-nuclear-weapon state” means any country which is not a nuclear-weapon state, as defined by Article IX (3) of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, signed at Washington, London, and Moscow on July 1, 1968 ;

“nuclear explosive device” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “nuclear explosive device” means any device, whether assembled or disassembled, that is designed to produce an instantaneous release of an amount of nuclear energy from special nuclear material that is greater than the amount of energy that would be released from the detonation of one pound of trinitrotoluene (TNT);

“special nuclear material” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “special nuclear material” has the meaning given that term in section 2014(aa) of title 42 ;

“United States person” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “United States person” means— (A) an individual who is a citizen of the United States or an alien admitted for permanent residence to the United States; or (B) a corporation, partnership, or other nongovernment entity which is not a foreign person; and;

“unsafeguarded special nuclear material” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “unsafeguarded special nuclear material” means special nuclear material which is held in violation of IAEA safeguards or not subject to IAEA safeguards (excluding any quantity of material that could, if it were exported from the United States, be exported under a general license issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission).

“highly enriched uranium” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “highly enriched uranium” means uranium enriched to 20 percent or more in the isotope U–235;

“IAEA” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “IAEA” means the International Atomic Energy Agency;

“IAEA safeguards” applies throughout its subchapter

the terms “IAEA safeguards”, “non-nuclear-weapon state”, “nuclear explosive device”, and “special nuclear material” have the meanings given those terms in section 6305 of this title .

“near real time material accountancy” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “near real time material accountancy” means a method of accounting for the location, quantity, and disposition of special fissionable material at facilities that store or process such material, in which verification of peaceful use is continuously achieved by means of frequent physical inventories and the use of in-process instrumentation;

“non-nuclear-weapon state” applies throughout its subchapter

the terms “IAEA safeguards”, “non-nuclear-weapon state”, “nuclear explosive device”, and “special nuclear material” have the meanings given those terms in section 6305 of this title .

“nuclear explosive device” applies throughout its subchapter

the terms “IAEA safeguards”, “non-nuclear-weapon state”, “nuclear explosive device”, and “special nuclear material” have the meanings given those terms in section 6305 of this title .

“special fissionable material” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “special fissionable material” has the meaning given that term by Article XX(1) of the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency, done at the Headquarters of the United Nations on October 26, 1956 ;

“special nuclear material” applies throughout its subchapter

the terms “IAEA safeguards”, “non-nuclear-weapon state”, “nuclear explosive device”, and “special nuclear material” have the meanings given those terms in section 6305 of this title .

“the Treaty” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “the Treaty” means the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, signed at Washington, London, and Moscow on July 1, 1968 ; and;

“Ambassador at Large” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Ambassador at Large” means the Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom appointed under section 6411(b) of this title . (2) Annual Report

“Annual Report” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Annual Report” means the Annual Report on International Religious Freedom described in section 6412(b) of this title . (3) Appropriate congressional committees

“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its chapter

The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations of the House of Representatives; and (B) in the case of any determination made with respect to the taking of President 1 action under paragraphs (9) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title , the term includes the committees described in subparagraph (A) and, where appropriate, the Committee on Banking and Financial Services of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate. (4) Commensurate action

“commensurate action” applies throughout its chapter

The term “commensurate action” means action taken by the President under section 6445(b) of this title . (5) Commission

“Commission” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Commission” means the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom established in section 6431(a) of this title . (6) Country Reports on Human Rights Practices

“Country Reports on Human Rights Practices” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Country Reports on Human Rights Practices” means the annual reports required to be submitted by the Department of State to Congress under sections 2151n(d) and 2304(b) of this title. (7) Executive Summary

“Executive Summary” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Executive Summary” means the Executive Summary to the Annual Report, as described in section 6412(b)(1)(F) of this title . (8) Government or foreign government

“foreign government” applies throughout its chapter

The term “government” or “foreign government” includes any agency or instrumentality of the government. (9) Human Rights Reports

“government” applies throughout its chapter

The term “government” or “foreign government” includes any agency or instrumentality of the government. (9) Human Rights Reports

“Human Rights Reports” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Human Rights Reports” means all reports submitted by the Department of State to Congress under sections 2151n and 2304 of this title. (10) Institution of higher education

“institution of higher education” applies throughout its chapter

The term “institution of higher education” has the meaning given that term in section 1001 of title 20 . (11) Non-state actor

“non-state actor” applies throughout its chapter

The term “non-state actor” means a nonsovereign entity that— (A) exercises significant political power and territorial control; (B) is outside the control of a sovereign government; and (C) often employs violence in pursuit of its objectives. (12) Office

“Office” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Office” means the Office on International Religious Freedom established in section 6411(a) of this title . (13) Particularly severe violations of religious freedom

“particularly severe violations of religious freedom” applies throughout its chapter

The term “particularly severe violations of religious freedom” means systematic, ongoing, egregious violations of religious freedom, including violations such as— (A) torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment; (B) prolonged detention without charges; (C) causing the disappearance of persons by the abduction or clandestine detention of those persons; or (D) other flagrant denial of the right to life, liberty, or the security of persons. (14) Special Adviser

“Special Adviser” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Special Adviser” means the Special Adviser to the President on International Religious Freedom described in section 3021(i) of title 50 . 2 (15) Special Watch List

“Special Watch List” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Special Watch List” means the Special Watch List described in section 6442(b)(1)(A)(iii) of this title . (16) Violations of religious freedom

“violations of religious freedom” applies throughout its chapter

The term “violations of religious freedom” means violations of the internationally recognized right to freedom of religion and religious belief and practice, as set forth in the international instruments referred to in section 6401(a)(2) of this title and as described in section 6401(a)(3) of this title , including violations such as— (A) arbitrary prohibitions on, restrictions of, or punishment for— (i) assembling for peaceful religious activities such as worship, preaching, and prayer, including arbitrary registration requirements; (ii) speaking freely about one’s religious beliefs; (iii) changing one’s religious beliefs and affiliation; (iv) not professing a particular religion, or any …

“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section

The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; (C) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and (D) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives. (2) Commission

“Commission” applies in that section

The term “Commission” means the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom established under section 6431 of this title . (3) Commissioner

“Commissioner” applies in that section

The term “Commissioner” means a member of the Commission. (4) Vice Chair

“Vice Chair” applies in that section

The term “Vice Chair” means the Vice Chair of the Commission who was appointed to such position by an elected official from the political party that is different from the political party of the elected official who appointed the Chair of the Commission.

“affiliated” applies in that section

the term “affiliated” means the relationship between a member of the Commission and— (A) an individual who holds the position of officer, trustee, partner, director, or employee of an agency, project, or person of which that member, or relative of that member of, 1 the Commission is an officer, trustee, partner, director, or employee; or (B) a nongovernmental agency or project of which that member, or a relative of that member, of the Commission is an officer, trustee, partner, director, or employee.

“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section

the term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; (B) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; (C) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; (D) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; (E) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and (F) the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives.

“ACDA” applies throughout its chapter

The term “ACDA” means the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. (2) AID

“agency” applies throughout its chapter

The term “agency” or “Federal agency” means an Executive agency as defined in section 105 of title 5 . (4) Appropriate congressional committees

“AID” applies throughout its chapter

The term “AID” means the United States Agency for International Development. (3) Agency; Federal agency

“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its chapter

The term “appropriate congressional committees” means the Committee on International Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate. (5) Covered agency

“covered agency” applies throughout its chapter

The term “covered agency” means any of the following agencies: ACDA, USIA, IDCA, and AID. (6) Department

“Department” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Department” means the Department of State. (7) Function

“Federal agency” applies throughout its chapter

The term “agency” or “Federal agency” means an Executive agency as defined in section 105 of title 5 . (4) Appropriate congressional committees

“function” applies throughout its chapter

The term “function” means any duty, obligation, power, authority, responsibility, right, privilege, activity, or program. (8) IDCA

“IDCA” applies throughout its chapter

The term “IDCA” means the United States International Development Cooperation Agency. (9) Office

“office” applies throughout its chapter

The term “office” includes any office, administration, agency, institute, unit, organizational entity, or component thereof. (10) Secretary

“Secretary” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of State. (11) USIA

“USIA” applies throughout its chapter

The term “USIA” means the United States Information Agency.

“United States assistance” applies throughout its part

the term “United States assistance” means development and other economic assistance, including assistance made available under the following provisions of law: (1) Chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [ 22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.] (relating to development assistance). (2) Chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [ 22 U.S.C. 2346 et seq.] (relating to the economic support fund). (3) Chapter 10 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [ 22 U.S.C. 2293 et seq.] (relating to the Development Fund for Africa). (4) Chapter 11 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [ 22 U.S.C.

“chemical weapon” applies throughout its chapter

The term “chemical weapon” means the following, together or separately: (A) A toxic chemical and its precursors, except where intended for a purpose not prohibited under this chapter as long as the type and quantity is consistent with such a purpose. (B) A munition or device, specifically designed to cause death or other harm through toxic properties of those toxic chemicals specified in subparagraph (A), which would be released as a result of the employment of such munition or device. (C) Any equipment specifically designed for use directly in connection with the employment of munitions or devices specified in subparagraph (B). (2) Chemical Weapons Convention; Convention

“Chemical Weapons Convention” applies throughout its chapter

The terms “Chemical Weapons Convention” and “Convention” mean the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, opened for signature on January 13, 1993 . (3) Key component of a binary or multicomponent chemical system

“Convention” applies throughout its chapter

The terms “Chemical Weapons Convention” and “Convention” mean the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, opened for signature on January 13, 1993 . (3) Key component of a binary or multicomponent chemical system

“key component of a binary or multicomponent chemical system” applies throughout its chapter

The term “key component of a binary or multicomponent chemical system” means the precursor which plays the most important role in determining the toxic properties of the final product and reacts rapidly with other chemicals in the binary or multicomponent system. (4) National of the United States

“national of the United States” applies throughout its chapter

The term “national of the United States” has the same meaning given such term in section 1101(a)(22) of title 8 . (5) Organization

“Organization” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Organization” means the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. (6) Person The term “person”, except as otherwise provided, means any individual, corporation, partnership, firm, association, trust, estate, public or private institution, any State or any political subdivision thereof, or any political entity within a State, any foreign government or nation or any agency, instrumentality or political subdivision of any such government or nation, or other entity located in the United States. (7) Precursor (A) In general

“precursor” applies throughout its chapter

The term “precursor” means any chemical reactant which takes part at any stage in the production by whatever method of a toxic chemical. The term includes any key component of a binary or multicomponent chemical system. (B) List of precursors Precursors which have been identified for the application of verification measures under Article VI of the Convention are listed in schedules contained in the Annex on Chemicals of the Chemical Weapons Convention. (8) Purposes not prohibited by this chapter

“purposes not prohibited by this chapter” applies throughout its chapter

The term “purposes not prohibited by this chapter” means the following: (A) Peaceful purposes Any peaceful purpose related to an industrial, agricultural, research, medical, or pharmaceutical activity or other activity. (B) Protective purposes Any purpose directly related to protection against toxic chemicals and to protection against chemical weapons. (C) Unrelated military purposes Any military purpose of the United States that is not connected with the use of a chemical weapon and that is not dependent on the use of the toxic or poisonous properties of the chemical weapon to cause death or other harm.

“Schedule 1 chemical agent” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Schedule 1 chemical agent” means any of the following, together or separately: (A) O-Alkyl (≤C 10 , incl. cycloalkyl) alkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr)-phosphonofluoridates (e.g. Sarin: O-Isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate Soman: O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate). (B) O-Alkyl (≤C 10 , incl. cycloalkyl) N,N-dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr)-phosphoramidocyanidates (e.g. Tabun: O-Ethyl N,N-dimethyl phosphoramidocyanidate). (C) O-Alkyl (H or ≤C 10 , incl. cycloalkyl) S-2-dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr)-aminoethyl alkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) phosphonothiolates and corresponding alkylated or protonated salts (e.g. VX: O-Ethyl S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methyl phosphonothiolate).

“Schedule 2 chemical agent” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Schedule 2 chemical agent” means the following, together or separately: (A) Amiton: O,O-Diethyl S-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] phosphorothiolate and corresponding alkylated or protonated salts. (B) PFIB: 1,1,3,3,3-Pentafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1-propene. (C) BZ: 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate (D) Chemicals, except for those listed in Schedule 1, containing a phosphorus atom to which is bonded one methyl, ethyl or propyl (normal or iso) group but not further carbon atoms, e.g. Methylphosphonyl dichloride Dimethyl methylphosphonate Exemption: Fonofos: O-Ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonothiolothionate. (E) N,N-Dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) phosphoramidic dihalides.

“Schedule 3 chemical agent” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Schedule 3 chemical agent” means any of the following, together or separately: (A) Phosgene: carbonyl dichloride. (B) Cyanogen chloride. (C) Hydrogen cyanide. (D) Chloropicrin: trichloronitromethane. (E) Phosphorous oxychloride. (F) Phosphorous trichloride. (G) Phosphorous pentachloride. (H) Trimethyl phosphite. (I) Triethyl phosphite. (J) Dimethyl phosphite. (K) Diethyl phosphite. (L) Sulfur monochloride. (M) Sulfur dichloride. (N) Thionyl chloride. (O) Ethyldiethanolamine. (P) Methyldiethanolamine. (Q) Triethanolamine. (13) Toxic chemical (A) In general

“Technical Secretariat” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Technical Secretariat” means the Technical Secretariat of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons established by the Chemical Weapons Convention. (10) Schedule 1 chemical agent

“toxic chemical” applies throughout its chapter

The term “toxic chemical” means any chemical which through its chemical action on life processes can cause death, temporary incapacitation or permanent harm to humans or animals. The term includes all such chemicals, regardless of their origin or of their method of production, and regardless of whether they are produced in facilities, in munitions or elsewhere. (B) List of toxic chemicals Toxic chemicals which have been identified for the application of verification measures under Article VI of the Convention are listed in schedules contained in the Annex on Chemicals of the Chemical Weapons Convention. (14) United States

“United States” applies throughout its chapter

The term “United States” means the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the commonwealths, territories, and possessions of the United States and includes all places under the jurisdiction or control of the United States, including— (A) any of the places within the provisions of paragraph (41) 2 of section 40102 of title 49 ; (B) any civil aircraft of the United States or public aircraft, as such terms are defined in paragraphs (17) and (37), 2 respectively, of section 40102 of title 49 ; and (C) any vessel of the United States, as such term is defined in section 70502(b) of title 46 . (15) Unscheduled discrete organic chemical

“unscheduled discrete organic chemical” applies throughout its chapter

The term “unscheduled discrete organic chemical” means any chemical not listed on any schedule contained in the Annex on Chemicals of the Convention that belongs to the class of chemical compounds consisting of all compounds of carbon, except for its oxides, sulfides, and metal carbonates.

“United States confidential business information” applies in that section

the term “United States confidential business information” means any trade secrets or commercial or financial information that is privileged and confidential— (1) including— (A) data described in section 6724(e)(2) of this title , (B) any chemical structure, (C) any plant design process, technology, or operating method, (D) any operating requirement, input, or result that identifies any type or quantity of chemicals used, processed, or produced, or (E) any commercial sale, shipment, or use of a chemical, or (2) as described in section 552(b)(4) of title 5 , and that is obtained— (i) from a United States person; or (ii) through the United States Government or the conduct of an inspection on …

“challenge inspection” applies throughout its subchapter

the terms “challenge inspection”, “plant site”, “plant”, “facility agreement”, “inspection team”, and “requesting state party” have the meanings given those terms in Part I of the Annex on Implementation and Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention.

“facility agreement” applies throughout its subchapter

the terms “challenge inspection”, “plant site”, “plant”, “facility agreement”, “inspection team”, and “requesting state party” have the meanings given those terms in Part I of the Annex on Implementation and Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention.

“inspection team” applies throughout its subchapter

the terms “challenge inspection”, “plant site”, “plant”, “facility agreement”, “inspection team”, and “requesting state party” have the meanings given those terms in Part I of the Annex on Implementation and Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention.

“judge of the United States” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “judge of the United States” means a judge or magistrate judge of a district court of the United States.

“plant” applies throughout its subchapter

the terms “challenge inspection”, “plant site”, “plant”, “facility agreement”, “inspection team”, and “requesting state party” have the meanings given those terms in Part I of the Annex on Implementation and Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention.

“plant site” applies throughout its subchapter

the terms “challenge inspection”, “plant site”, “plant”, “facility agreement”, “inspection team”, and “requesting state party” have the meanings given those terms in Part I of the Annex on Implementation and Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention.

“requesting state party” applies throughout its subchapter

the terms “challenge inspection”, “plant site”, “plant”, “facility agreement”, “inspection team”, and “requesting state party” have the meanings given those terms in Part I of the Annex on Implementation and Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention.

“routine inspection” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “routine inspection” means an inspection, other than an “initial inspection”, undertaken pursuant to Article VI of the Convention. (b) “Judge of the United States” defined In this subchapter,

“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section

The term “appropriate congressional committees” means the Committee on the Judiciary, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary, the Committee on International Relations, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.

“Federal agency” applies in that section

the term “Federal agency” has the meaning given the term “agency” in section 551(1) of title 5 .

“biological agent” applies in that section

the term “biological agent” means any micro-organism (including bacteria, viruses, fungi, rickettsiae or protozoa), pathogen, or infectious substance, or any naturally occurring, bio-engineered or synthesized component of any such micro-organism, pathogen, or infectious substance, whatever its origin or method of production, capable of causing— (1) death, disease, or other biological malfunction in a human, an animal, a plant, or another living organism; (2) deterioration of food, water, equipment, supplies, or materials of any kind; or (3) deleterious alteration of the environment.

“AIDS” applies throughout its chapter

The term “AIDS” means the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. (2) Association

“Association” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Association” means the International Development Association. (3) Bank

“Bank” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Bank” or “World Bank” means the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. (4) HIV

“HIV” applies throughout its chapter

The term “HIV” means the human immunodeficiency virus, the pathogen which causes AIDS. (5) HIV/AIDS

“HIV/AIDS” applies throughout its chapter

The term “HIV/AIDS” means, with respect to an individual, an individual who is infected with HIV or living with AIDS.

“World Bank” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Bank” or “World Bank” means the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. (4) HIV

“HIV/AIDS” applies in that section

the term “HIV/AIDS” means, with respect to an individual, an individual who is infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the pathogen that causes the acquired immune deficiency virus (AIDS), or living with AIDS.

“appropriate committees” applies in that section

the term “appropriate committees” means the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations, the Committee on Banking and Financial Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

“Dispute Settlement Understanding” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Dispute Settlement Understanding” means the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes referred to in section 3511(d)(16) of title 19 . (2) Government of the People’s Republic of China

“Government of the People’s Republic of China” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Government of the People’s Republic of China” means the central Government of the People’s Republic of China and any other governmental entity, including any provincial, prefectural, or local entity and any enterprise that is controlled by the central Government or any such governmental entity or as to which the central Government or any such governmental entity is entitled to receive a majority of the profits. (3) Internationally recognized worker rights

“internationally recognized worker rights” applies throughout its chapter

The term “internationally recognized worker rights” has the meaning given that term in section 2467(4) of title 19 and includes the right to the elimination of the “worst forms of child labor”, as defined in section 2467(6) of title 19 . (4) Trade Representative

“Trade Representative” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Trade Representative” means the United States Trade Representative. (5) WTO; World Trade Organization

“World Trade Organization” applies throughout its chapter

The terms “WTO” and “World Trade Organization” mean the organization established pursuant to the WTO Agreement. (6) WTO Agreement

“WTO” applies throughout its chapter

The terms “WTO” and “World Trade Organization” mean the organization established pursuant to the WTO Agreement. (6) WTO Agreement

“WTO Agreement” applies throughout its chapter

The term “WTO Agreement” means the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization entered into on April 15, 1994 . (7) WTO member

“WTO member” applies throughout its chapter

The term “WTO member” has the meaning given that term in section 3501(10) of title 19 .

“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section

The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; (B) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate; (C) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; (D) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; (E) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; (F) the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives; (G) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives; and (H) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives. (2) PRC

“PRC” applies in that section

The term “PRC” means the People’s Republic of China. (3) PRC global base

“PRC global base” applies in that section

The term “PRC global base” means a physical location outside of the PRC where the PRC maintains an element of the People’s Liberation Army, PRC intelligence or security forces, or infrastructure designed to support the presence of PRC military, intelligence, or security forces, for the purposes of power projection.

“abuse or threatened abuse of the legal process” applies throughout its chapter

The term “abuse or threatened abuse of the legal process” means the use or threatened use of a law or legal process, whether administrative, civil, or criminal, in any manner or for any purpose for which the law was not designed, in order to exert pressure on another person to cause that person to take some action or refrain from taking some action. (2) Appropriate congressional committees

“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its chapter

The term “appropriate congressional committees” means the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives. (3) Coercion

“coercion” applies throughout its chapter

The term “coercion” means— (A) threats of serious harm to or physical restraint against any person; (B) any scheme, plan, or pattern intended to cause a person to believe that failure to perform an act would result in serious harm to or physical restraint against any person; or (C) the abuse or threatened abuse of the legal process. (4) Commercial sex act

“commercial sex act” applies throughout its chapter

The term “commercial sex act” means any sex act on account of which anything of value is given to or received by any person. (5) Concrete actions

“concrete actions” applies throughout its chapter

The term “concrete actions” means actions that demonstrate increased efforts by the government of a country to meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking, including any of the following: (A) Enforcement actions taken. (B) Investigations actively underway. (C) Prosecutions conducted. (D) Convictions attained. (E) Training provided. (F) Programs and partnerships actively underway.

“credible information” applies throughout its chapter

The term “credible information” includes all of the following: (A) Reports by the Department of State. (B) Reports of other Federal agencies, including the Department of Labor’s List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor and List of Products Produced by Forced Labor or Indentured Child Labor. (C) Documentation provided by a foreign country, including— (i) copies of relevant laws, regulations, and policies adopted or modified; and (ii) an official record of enforcement actions taken, judicial proceedings, training conducted, consultations conducted, programs and partnerships launched, and services provided. (D) Materials developed by civil society organizations.

“debt bondage” applies throughout its chapter

The term “debt bondage” means the status or condition of a debtor arising from a pledge by the debtor of his or her personal services or of those of a person under his or her control as a security for debt, if the value of those services as reasonably assessed is not applied toward the liquidation of the debt or the length and nature of those services are not respectively limited and defined. (8) Involuntary servitude

“grounds related to human trafficking” applies throughout its chapter

The term “grounds related to human trafficking” means grounds related to the criteria for inadmissibility to the United States described in subsection (a)(2)(H) of section 1182 of title 8 .

“involuntary servitude” applies throughout its chapter

The term “involuntary servitude” includes a condition of servitude induced by means of— (A) any scheme, plan, or pattern intended to cause a person to believe that, if the person did not enter into or continue in such condition, that person or another person would suffer serious harm or physical restraint; or (B) the abuse or threatened abuse of the legal process. (9) Minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking

“minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking” applies throughout its chapter

The term “minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking” means the standards set forth in section 7106 of this title . (10) Nonhumanitarian, nontrade-related foreign assistance

“nonhumanitarian, nontrade-related foreign assistance” applies throughout its chapter

The term “nonhumanitarian, nontrade-related foreign assistance” means— (A) any assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [ 22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.], other than— (i) assistance under chapter 4 of part II of that Act [ 22 U.S.C. 2346 et seq.] in support of programs of nongovernmental organizations that is made available for any program, project, or activity eligible for assistance under chapter 1 of part I of that Act [ 22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.]; (ii) assistance under chapter 8 of part I of that Act [ 22 U.S.C. 2291 et seq.]; (iii) any other narcotics-related assistance under part I of that Act [ 22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.] or under chapter 4 or 5 1 part II of that Act [ 22 U.S.C.

“severe forms of trafficking in persons” applies throughout its chapter

The term “severe forms of trafficking in persons” means— (A) sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age; or (B) the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. (12) Sex trafficking

“sex trafficking” applies throughout its chapter

The term “sex trafficking” means the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, obtaining, patronizing, or soliciting of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act. (13) State

“State” applies throughout its chapter

The term “State” means each of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and territories and possessions of the United States. (14) Task Force

“Task Force” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Task Force” means the Interagency Task Force to Monitor and Combat Trafficking established under section 7103 of this title . (15) United States

“United States” applies throughout its chapter

The term “United States” means the fifty States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the territories and possessions of the United States. (16) Victim of a severe form of trafficking

“victim of a severe form of trafficking” applies throughout its chapter

The term “victim of a severe form of trafficking” means a person subject to an act or practice described in paragraph (11). (17) Victim of trafficking

“victim of trafficking” applies throughout its chapter

The term “victim of trafficking” means a person subjected to an act or practice described in paragraph (11) or (12). (18) Grounds related to human trafficking