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42 U.S.C. § 12201Construction

submitted 36 years ago by Pub. L. 101-336 to r/title-42-THE-PUBLIC-HEALTH-AND-WELFARE · 560 words · no verdicts yet

in plain englishAI-generated · not legal advice

This section explains how the ADA works alongside other laws and rules. It doesn't lower disability protections that already exist elsewhere, and it lets insurers keep using normal risk classifications. Disabled people can refuse an accommodation, and non-disabled people can't claim ADA discrimination.

This section has eight lettered parts, (a) through (h). Each one limits or clarifies how this chapter interacts with other rules. (a) In general. Nothing in this chapter can be read to give disabled people weaker protection than they already have under title V of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 or its regulations, except where this chapter specifically says otherwise. (b) Relationship to other laws. This chapter doesn't cancel or weaken rights, remedies, or procedures under any other federal, state, or local law that protects disabled people as well as or better than this chapter does. It also doesn't stop anyone from banning or restricting smoking in workplaces, transportation, or public accommodations covered by this chapter. (c) Insurance. This chapter doesn't stop insurers, HMOs, or benefit plan administrators from setting or classifying risk in ways based on, or consistent with, state law. It also doesn't stop a covered business from running a benefit plan based on that same kind of state-law-consistent risk classification, or from running a benefit plan that state insurance law doesn't even cover. None of that, though, can be used as a cover for actually evading this chapter's antidiscrimination rules. (d) Accommodations and services. No disabled person has to accept an accommodation, aid, service, opportunity, or benefit that they don't want. (e) Benefits under state worker's compensation laws. This chapter doesn't change the rules for who qualifies for benefits under state workers' compensation laws, or under state or federal disability benefit programs. (f) Fundamental alteration. This chapter doesn't change the basic rule that businesses must make reasonable modifications to their policies and procedures -- including academic requirements in college and graduate programs -- unless the business can show that change would fundamentally alter what it offers. (g) Claims of no disability. A person who does not have a disability cannot claim they were discriminated against for lacking one. (h) Reasonable accommodations and modifications. Employers, public entities, and public accommodations don't have to provide a reasonable accommodation or modification to someone who only counts as "disabled" because people regard them as having an impairment -- the "regarded as" category defined in section 12102(1)(C) -- without an actual or past impairment.
the actual law source: uscode.house.gov ↗public domain
(a) In general

Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, nothing in this chapter shall be construed to apply a lesser standard than the standards applied under title V of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 790 et seq.) or the regulations issued by Federal agencies pursuant to such title.

(b) Relationship to other laws

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to invalidate or limit the remedies, rights, and procedures of any Federal law or law of any State or political subdivision of any State or jurisdiction that provides greater or equal protection for the rights of individuals with disabilities than are afforded by this chapter. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to preclude the prohibition of, or the imposition of restrictions on, smoking in places of employment covered by subchapter I, in transportation covered by subchapter II or III, or in places of public accommodation covered by subchapter III.

(c) Insurance

Subchapters I through III of this chapter and title IV of this Act shall not be construed to prohibit or restrict—

(1)

an insurer, hospital or medical service company, health maintenance organization, or any agent, or entity that administers benefit plans, or similar organizations from underwriting risks, classifying risks, or administering such risks that are based on or not inconsistent with State law; or

(2)

a person or organization covered by this chapter from establishing, sponsoring, observing or administering the terms of a bona fide benefit plan that are based on underwriting risks, classifying risks, or administering such risks that are based on or not inconsistent with State law; or

(3)

a person or organization covered by this chapter from establishing, sponsoring, observing or administering the terms of a bona fide benefit plan that is not subject to State laws that regulate insurance.

Paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) shall not be used as a subterfuge to evade the purposes of subchapter 1 I and III.

(d) Accommodations and services

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to require an individual with a disability to accept an accommodation, aid, service, opportunity, or benefit which such individual chooses not to accept.

(e) Benefits under State worker’s compensation laws

Nothing in this chapter alters the standards for determining eligibility for benefits under State worker’s compensation laws or under State and Federal disability benefit programs.

(f) Fundamental alteration

Nothing in this chapter alters the provision of section 12182(b)(2)(A)(ii) of this title, specifying that reasonable modifications in policies, practices, or procedures shall be required, unless an entity can demonstrate that making such modifications in policies, practices, or procedures, including academic requirements in postsecondary education, would fundamentally alter the nature of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations involved.

(g) Claims of no disability

Nothing in this chapter shall provide the basis for a claim by an individual without a disability that the individual was subject to discrimination because of the individual’s lack of disability.

(h) Reasonable accommodations and modifications

A covered entity under subchapter I, a public entity under subchapter II, and any person who owns, leases (or leases to), or operates a place of public accommodation under subchapter III, need not provide a reasonable accommodation or a reasonable modification to policies, practices, or procedures to an individual who meets the definition of disability in section 12102(1) of this title solely under subparagraph (C) of such section.

Source credit: (Pub. L. 101–336, title V, § 501, July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 369; Pub. L. 110–325, § 6(a)(1), Sept. 25, 2008, 122 Stat. 3557.)

history & why it existsrecord from the source credit
  • 1990Enacted · Pub. L. 101-336 · 104 Stat. 369
  • 2008Amended · Pub. L. 110-325 · 122 Stat. 3557

A history note hasn’t been published yet. The record shows enactment by Pub. L. 101-336 on 1990-07-26.

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