r/title-22-FOREIGN-RELATIONS-AND-INTERCOURSE wiki — defined terms
The statute’s own glossary: every term Title 22 defines, in section order.
“Conservation Fund” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “Conservation Fund” or “Fund” means a Conservation Fund provided for in section 2431h of this title . (10) Coral
“coral” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “coral” means species of the phylum Cnidaria, including— (A) all species of the orders Antipatharia (black corals), Scleractinia (stony corals), Alcyonacea (soft corals), Gorgonacea (horny corals), Stolonifera (organpipe corals and others), and Coenothecalia (blue coral), of the class Anthoza; 1 and (B) all species of the order Hydrocorallina (fire corals and hydrocorals) of the class Hydrozoa. (11) Coral reef
“coral reef” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “coral reef” means any reef or shoal composed primarily of coral. (12) Coral reef ecosystem
“coral reef ecosystem” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “coral reef ecosystem” means any coral reef and any coastal marine ecosystem surrounding, or directly related to, a coral reef and important to maintaining the ecological integrity of that coral reef, such as seagrasses, mangroves, sandy seabed communities, and immediately adjacent coastal areas.
“developing country with a tropical forest or coral reef” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “developing country with a tropical forest or coral reef” means— (A) (i) a country that has a per capita income of $725 or less in 1994 United States dollars (commonly referred to as “low-income country”), as determined and adjusted on an annual basis by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development in its World Development Report; or (ii) a country that has a per capita income of more than $725 but less than $8,956 in 1994 United States dollars (commonly referred to as “middle-income country”), as determined and adjusted on an annual basis by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development in its World Development Report; and (B) a country that contains at …
“eligible country” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “eligible country” means a country designated by the President in accordance with section 2431c of this title . (7) Conservation Agreement
“Facility” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “Conservation Facility” or “Facility” means the Conservation Facility established in the Department of the Treasury by section 2431b of this title . (9) Conservation Fund
“Fund” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “Conservation Fund” or “Fund” means a Conservation Fund provided for in section 2431h of this title . (10) Coral
“excess foreign currencies” applies throughout its chapter
the term “excess foreign currencies” means foreign currencies, which if acquired by the United States (A) would be in excess of the normal requirements of departments, agencies, and embassies of the United States for such currencies, as determined by the President, and (B) would be available for the use of the United States Government under applicable agreements with the foreign country concerned.
“Federal employee” applies in that section
the term “Federal employee” means any employee as defined in subparagraphs (A) through (F) of section 7342(a)(1) of title 5 , but does not include a person described in subparagraph (G) of such section. (b) Foreign grants and other assistance not gifts for purposes of section 7342 of title 5 The grants and other forms of assistance with respect to which the consent of Congress is given in subsection (a) of this section shall not constitute gifts for purposes of section 7342 of title 5 . (c) Regulations The Secretary of State is authorized to promulgate regulations for purposes of this section.
“Government-sponsored international exchanges and training” applies in that section
the term “Government-sponsored international exchanges and training” means the movement of people between countries to promote the sharing of ideas, to develop skills, and to foster mutual understanding and cooperation, financed wholly or in part, directly or indirectly, with United States Government funds. (3) The Working Group shall be composed as follows: (A) The Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs, who shall act as Chair. (B) A senior representative of the Department of Defense, who shall be designated by the Secretary of Defense. (C) A senior representative of the Department of Education, who shall be designated by the Secretary of Education.
“historically Black college and university” applies in that section
The term “historically Black college and university” has the meaning given the term “part B institution” in section 1061 of title 20 . (ii) Minority serving institution
“minority-serving institution” applies in that section
The term “minority-serving institution” means an eligible institution under section 1067q(a) of title 20 . (e) Fellowship orientation Annually, the Bureau shall organize and administer a fellowship orientation, which shall— (1) be held in Washington, D.C., or at another location selected by the Bureau; and (2) include programming to honor the legacy of Representative John Lewis.
“volunteers” applies throughout its chapter
the term “volunteers” shall include “volunteer leaders”: Provided, however , That— (1) volunteer leaders shall be entitled to receive a readjustment allowance at a rate not less than $125 for each month of satisfactory service as determined by the President; (2) spouses and minor children of volunteer leaders may receive such living, travel, and leave allowances, and such housing, transportation, subsistence, and essential special items of clothing, as the President may determine, but the authority contained in this paragraph shall be exercised only under exceptional circumstances; (3) spouses and minor children of volunteer leaders accompanying them may receive such health care as the …
“personally identifying information” applies in that section
The term “personally identifying information” means individually identifying information for or about a volunteer who is a victim of sexual assault, including information likely to disclose the location of such victim, including the following: (A) A first and last name. (B) A home or other physical address. (C) Contact information (including a postal, email, or Internet protocol address, or telephone or facsimile number). (D) A social security number. (E) Any other information, including date of birth, racial or ethnic background, or religious affiliation, that, in combination with information described in subparagraphs (A) through (D), would serve to identify the victim.
“restricted reporting” applies in that section
The term “restricted reporting” means a system of reporting that allows a volunteer who is sexually assaulted to confidentially disclose the details of his or her assault to specified individuals and receive the services outlined in section 2507b(c) of this title without the dissemination of his or her personally identifying information except as necessary for the provision of such services, and without automatically triggering an official investigative process.
“sexual assault” applies in that section
The term “sexual assault” means any conduct prescribed by chapter 109A of title 18, whether or not the conduct occurs in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, and includes both assaults committed by offenders who are strangers to the victim and assaults committed by offenders who are known or related by blood or marriage to the victim. (4) Stalking
“stalking” applies in that section
The term “stalking” means engaging in a course of conduct directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to— (A) fear for his or her safety or the safety of others; or (B) suffer substantial emotional distress.
“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section
the term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and (B) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.
“abroad” applies throughout its chapter
The term “abroad” means any area outside the United States.;
“function” applies throughout its chapter
The term “function” includes any duty, obligation, right, power, authority, responsibility, privilege, discretion, activity, and program.;
“health care” applies throughout its chapter
The term “health care” includes all appropriate examinations, preventive, curative and restorative health and medical care, and supplementary services when necessary.;
“medical officer” applies throughout its chapter
The term “medical officer” means a physician, nurse practitioner, physician’s assistant, or registered nurse with the professional qualifications, expertise, and abilities consistent with the needs of the Peace Corps and the post to which he or she is assigned, as determined by the Director of the Peace Corps. (5) The word “transportation” in sections 2504(b), 2504(m), 1 and 2505(2) of this title includes transportation of not to exceed three hundred pounds per person of unaccompanied necessary personal and household effects.;
“United States” applies throughout its chapter
The term “United States” means the several States and the District of Columbia.;
“United States Government agency” applies throughout its chapter
The term “United States Government agency” includes any department, board, wholly or partly owned corporation, or instrumentality, commission, or establishment of the United States Government. (8) For the purposes of this chapter or any other Act, the period of any individual’s service as a volunteer under this chapter shall include— (i) except for the purposes of section 2504(f) 1 of this title, any period of training under section 2507(a) of this title prior to enrollment as a volunteer under this chapter; and (ii) the period between enrollment as a volunteer and the termination of service as such volunteer by the President or by death or resignation.
“arms control” applies throughout its chapter
The terms “arms control” and “disarmament” mean the identification, verification, inspection, limitation, control, reduction, or elimination, of armed forces and armaments of all kinds under international agreement including the necessary steps taken under such an agreement to establish an effective system of international control, or to create and strengthen international organizations for the maintenance of peace.;
“disarmament” applies throughout its chapter
The terms “arms control” and “disarmament” mean the identification, verification, inspection, limitation, control, reduction, or elimination, of armed forces and armaments of all kinds under international agreement including the necessary steps taken under such an agreement to establish an effective system of international control, or to create and strengthen international organizations for the maintenance of peace.;
“Government agency” applies throughout its chapter
The term “Government agency” means any executive department, commission, agency, independent establishment, corporation wholly or partly owned by the United States which is an instrumentality of the United States, or any board, bureau, division, service, office, officer, authority, administration, or other establishment in the executive branch of Government.
“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section
the term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section
the term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (1) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives; and (2) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate.
“INF Treaty” applies throughout its subchapter
the term “INF Treaty” means the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (signed at Washington, December 8, 1987 );
“OSIA” applies throughout its subchapter
the term “OSIA” means the On-Site Inspection Agency established by the President, or such other agency as may be designated by the President to carry out the on-site inspection provisions of the INF Treaty;
“Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty” applies throughout its subchapter
the term “Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty” means the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Underground Nuclear Explosions for Peaceful Purposes (signed at Washington and Moscow, May 28, 1976 ); and;
“Threshold Test Ban Treaty” applies throughout its subchapter
the term “Threshold Test Ban Treaty” means the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Underground Nuclear Weapons Tests (signed at Moscow, July 3, 1974 ).
“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section
the term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives; and (2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate.
“decoration” applies throughout its chapter
The term “decoration” includes any order, device, medal, badge, insignia, or emblem tendered by or received from a foreign government.
“foreign government” applies throughout its chapter
The term “foreign government” includes every foreign government and every official, agent, or representative thereof.;
“gift” applies throughout its chapter
The term “gift” includes any present or thing, other than a decoration, tendered by or received from a foreign government.;
“person” applies throughout its chapter
The term “person” includes every person who occupies an office or a position in the Government of the United States, its territories and possessions, the Canal Zone government, and the government of the District of Columbia, or is a member of the Armed Forces of the United States, or a member of the family and household of any such person.;
“AIDS” applies in that section
The term “AIDS” means acquired immune deficiency syndrome. (ii) HIV
“artificial intelligence” applies in that section
the term “artificial intelligence” has the meaning given the term in section 238(g) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 3 ( Public Law 115–232 ; 10 U.S.C. 4001 note). (o) Special Envoy to the Pacific Islands Forum (1) Appointment The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, a qualified individual to serve as Special Envoy to the Pacific Islands Forum (referred to in this section as the “Special Envoy”). (2) Considerations (A) Selection The Special Envoy shall be— (i) a United States Ambassador to a country that is a member of the Pacific Islands Forum; or (ii) a qualified individual who is not described in clause (i).
“country of concern” applies in that section
The term “country of concern” means— (i) the People’s Republic of China; (ii) the Russian Federation; (iii) the Islamic Republic of Iran; (iv) the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea; (v) the Republic of Cuba; and (vi) the Syrian Arab Republic. (B) Foreign government entity
“East Asia and the Pacific” applies in that section
the term “East Asia and the Pacific” means the region of countries that the Secretary of State designates as within the responsibility of the Bureau for East Asian and Pacific Affairs. (5) Bureau of African Affairs (A) Establishment There shall be in the Department of State a Bureau of African Affairs, which shall perform such functions related to implementation of United States foreign policy and assistance to sub-Saharan Africa as the Under Secretary for Political Affairs may prescribe. (B) Head The Assistant Secretary for African Affairs shall be the head of the Bureau of African Affairs. (C) Definition In this paragraph,
“Europe and Eurasia” applies in that section
the term “Europe and Eurasia” means the region of countries that the Secretary of State designates as within the responsibility of the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs. (10) Bureau of International Organization Affairs (A) Establishment There shall be in the Department of State a Bureau of International Organization Affairs which shall perform such functions related to multilateral diplomacy in international organizations as the Under Secretary for Political Affairs may prescribe. (B) Head The Assistant Secretary for International Organization Affairs shall be the head of the Bureau of International Organization Affairs.
“foreign governmental entity” applies in that section
The term “foreign governmental entity” includes— (i) any person employed by— (I) any department, agency, or other entity of a foreign government at the national, regional, or local level; (II) any governing party or coalition of a foreign government at the national, regional, or local level; or (III) any entity majority-owned or majority-controlled by a foreign government at the national, regional, or local level; and (ii) in the case of a country of concern, any company, economic project, cultural organization, exchange program, or nongovernmental organization that is more than 33 percent owned or controlled by the government of such country.
“HIV” applies in that section
The term “HIV” means the human immunodeficiency virus, the pathogen that causes AIDS. (iii) HIV/AIDS
“HIV/AIDS” applies in that section
The term “HIV/AIDS” means, with respect to an individual, an individual who is infected with HIV or living with AIDS. (iv) Relevant executive branch agencies
“Middle East and North Africa” applies in that section
the term “Middle East and North Africa” means the region of countries that the Secretary of State designates as within the responsibility of the Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs. (7) Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs (A) Establishment There shall be in the Department of State a Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, which shall perform such functions related to implementation of United States foreign policy to South and Central Asia as the Under Secretary for Political Affairs may prescribe. (B) Head The Assistant Secretary for South and Central Asian Affairs shall be the head of the Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs. (C) Definition In this paragraph,
“relevant executive branch agencies” applies in that section
The term “relevant executive branch agencies” means the Department of State, the United States Agency for International Development, the Department of Health and Human Services (including the Public Health Service), and any other department or agency of the United States that participates in international HIV/AIDS activities pursuant to the authorities of such department or agency or this Act. (g) Bureau of Consular Affairs (1) Establishment There shall be in the Department of State a Bureau of Consular Affairs, which shall perform such functions related to consular functions performed by United States consular officers as the Under Secretary for Management may prescribe.
“South and Central Asia” applies in that section
the term “South and Central Asia” means the region of countries that the Secretary of State designates as within the responsibility of the Bureau for South and Central Asian Affairs. (8) Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs (A) Establishment There shall be in the Department of State a Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs, which shall perform such functions related to implementation of United States foreign policy to the Western Hemisphere as the Under Secretary for Political Affairs may prescribe. (B) Head The Assistant Secretary for Western Hemisphere Affairs shall be the head of the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs. (C) Western Hemisphere defined In this paragraph,
“sub-Saharan Africa” applies in that section
the term “sub-Saharan Africa” means the region of countries that the Secretary of State designates as within the responsibility of the Bureau of African Affairs. (6) Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs (A) Establishment There shall be in the Department of State a Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, which shall perform such functions related to implementation of United States foreign policy to the Middle East and North Africa as the Under Secretary for Political Affairs may prescribe. (B) Head The Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern Affairs shall be the head of the Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs. (C) Definition In this paragraph,
“Western Hemisphere” applies in that section
the term “Western Hemisphere” means the region of countries that the Secretary of State designates as within the responsibility of the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs. (9) Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs (A) Establishment There shall be in the Department of State a Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs, which shall perform such functions related to implementation of United States foreign policy to Europe and Eurasia as the Under Secretary for Political Affairs may prescribe. (B) Head The Assistant Secretary for European and Eurasian Affairs shall be the head of the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs. (C) Definition In this paragraph,
“international terrorism” applies in that section
the term “international terrorism” means terrorism involving citizens or the territory of more than 1 country;
“sanctuary” applies in that section
the terms “terrorist sanctuary” and “sanctuary” mean an area in the territory of the country— (A) that is used by a terrorist or terrorist organization— (i) to carry out terrorist activities, including training, fundraising, financing, and recruitment; or (ii) as a transit point; and (B) the government of which expressly consents to, or with knowledge, allows, tolerates, or disregards such use of its territory and is not subject to a determination under— (i) section 4605(j)(1)(A) 1 of title 50; (ii) section 2371(a) of this title ; or (iii) section 2780(d) of this title .
“territory” applies in that section
the terms “territory” and “territory of the country” mean the land, waters, and airspace of the country; and;
“territory of the country” applies in that section
the terms “territory” and “territory of the country” mean the land, waters, and airspace of the country; and;
“terrorism” applies in that section
the term “terrorism” means premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents;
“terrorist group” applies in that section
the term “terrorist group” means any group practicing, or which has significant subgroups which practice, international terrorism;
“terrorist sanctuary” applies in that section
the terms “terrorist sanctuary” and “sanctuary” mean an area in the territory of the country— (A) that is used by a terrorist or terrorist organization— (i) to carry out terrorist activities, including training, fundraising, financing, and recruitment; or (ii) as a transit point; and (B) the government of which expressly consents to, or with knowledge, allows, tolerates, or disregards such use of its territory and is not subject to a determination under— (i) section 4605(j)(1)(A) 1 of title 50; (ii) section 2371(a) of this title ; or (iii) section 2780(d) of this title .
“international terrorism” applies in that section
the term “international terrorism” has the meaning given such term in section 2656f(d) of this title .
“covered country” applies in that section
the term “covered country” means, with respect to a country hosting an international athletic competition in which individuals representing the United States may participate, any of the following: (1) Any Communist country specified in subsection (f) of section 2370 of this title . (2) Any country ranked as a Tier 3 country in the most recent Department of State’s annual Trafficking in Persons Report. (3) Any other country the Secretary of State determines presents serious human rights concerns for the purpose of informing such individuals.
“Civil Service employees” applies in that section
the term “Civil Service employees” means employees of the Federal Government except for members of the Foreign Service (as defined in section 103 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [ 22 U.S.C. 3903 ]).
“foreign person” applies in that section
the term “foreign person” means any person other than a United States person as defined in section 4618(2) 2 of title 50. (3) For purposes of paragraph (1), a foreign person shall be deemed not to comply with the boycott of Israel by Arab League countries if that person, or the Secretary of State or his designee on the basis of available information, certifies that the person violates or otherwise does not comply with the boycott of Israel by Arab League countries by taking any actions prohibited by section 4607(a) 2 of title 50.
“covered contractor” applies in that section
the term “covered contractor” means a provider of telecommunications, telecommunications equipment, or information technology equipment, including hardware, software, or services, that has knowingly assisted or facilitated a cyber attack or conducted surveillance, including passive or active monitoring, carried out against— (1) the United States by, or on behalf of, any government, or persons associated with such government, listed as a cyber threat actor in the intelligence community’s 2017 assessment of worldwide threats to United States national security or any subsequent worldwide threat assessment of the intelligence community; or (2) individuals, including activists, journalists, …
“covered dependent” applies in that section
The term “covered dependent” means a family member (as defined by the Secretary of State) of an employee who, on or after September 11, 2001 — (A) accompanies the employee to an assigned duty station in a foreign country under chief of mission authority; and (B) becomes injured by reason of a qualifying injury. (2) Covered employee
“covered employee” applies in that section
The term “covered employee” means an employee of the Federal Government who, on or after September 11, 2001 , becomes injured by reason of a qualifying injury and was assigned to a duty station in the Republic of Cuba, the People’s Republic of China, or another foreign country designated by the Secretary of State pursuant to subsection (f), but does not include an individual receiving compensation under section 3519b of title 50 . (3) Covered individual
“covered individual” applies in that section
The term “covered individual” means an individual who, on or after September 11, 2001 , becomes injured by reason of a qualifying injury and is— (A) detailed to a duty station in the Republic of Cuba, the People’s Republic of China, or another foreign country designated by the Secretary of State pursuant to subsection (f); or (B) affiliated with the Department of State, as determined by the Secretary of State. (4) Qualifying injury
“qualifying injury” applies in that section
The term “qualifying injury” means the following: (A) With respect to a covered dependent, an injury incurred— (i) during a period in which the covered dependent is accompanying an employee to an assigned duty station in the Republic of Cuba, the People’s Republic of China, or another foreign country designated by the Secretary of State pursuant to subsection (f); (ii) in connection with war, insurgency, hostile act, terrorist activity, or other incident designated by the Secretary of State; and (iii) that was not the result of the willful misconduct of the covered dependent.
“significant expenditure” applies in that section
the term “significant expenditure” means any cumulative expenditure in excess of $250,000 total in a single fiscal year for a new unclassified software or information technology capability. (e) Rule of construction Nothing in this section may be construed— (1) to alter the authorities of the United States Office of Management and Budget, Office of the National Cyber Director, the Department of Homeland Security, or the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency with respect to Federal information systems; or (2) to alter the responsibilities and authorities of the Chief Information Officer of the Department as described in titles 40 or 44 or any other law defining or assigning …
“consular officer” applies in that section
the term “consular officer” includes any United States citizen employee of the Department of State who is designated by the Secretary of State to adjudicate nationality abroad pursuant to such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe.
“act of international terrorism” applies in that section
The term “act of international terrorism” includes— (A) any act substantially contributing to the acquisition of unsafeguarded special nuclear material (as defined in paragraph (8) of section 6305 of this title ) or any nuclear explosive device (as defined in paragraph (4) of that section) by an individual, group, or non-nuclear-weapon state (as defined in paragraph (5) of that section); and (B) any act, as determined by the Secretary, which materially supports the conduct of international terrorism, including the counterfeiting of United States currency or the illegal use of other monetary instruments by an individual, group, or country supporting international terrorism as determined for …
“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section
The term “appropriate congressional committees” means the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate. (3) Foreign person
“foreign election interference” applies in that section
The term “foreign election interference” means conduct by a foreign person that— (A) (i) violates Federal criminal, voting rights, or campaign finance law; or (ii) is performed by any person acting as an agent of or on behalf of, or in coordination with, a foreign government or criminal enterprise; and (B) includes any covert, fraudulent, deceptive, or unlawful act or attempted act, or knowing use of information acquired by theft, undertaken with the specific intent to significantly influence voters, undermine public confidence in election processes or institutions, or influence, undermine confidence in, or alter the result or reported result of, a general or primary Federal, State, or …
“foreign person” applies in that section
The term “foreign person” means— (A) an individual who is not a United States person; or (B) a foreign entity. (4) Foreign election interference
“rewards program” applies in that section
The term “rewards program” means the program established in subsection (a)(1). (7) Transnational organized crime
“transnational organized crime” applies in that section
The term “transnational organized crime”— (A) means— (i) racketeering activity (as such term is defined in section 1961 of title 18 ) that involves at least one jurisdiction outside the United States; or (ii) any other criminal offense punishable by a term of imprisonment of at least four years under Federal, State, or local law that involves at least one jurisdiction outside the United States and that is intended to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit; and (B) includes wildlife trafficking (as defined by section 7601(12) of title 16 ) and severe forms of trafficking in persons (as defined in section 7102 of this title ) involving at least 1 jurisdiction …
“transnational organized crime group” applies in that section
The term “transnational organized crime group” means a group of persons that includes one or more citizens of a foreign country, exists for a period of time, and acts in concert with the aim of engaging in transnational organized crime. (9) United States narcotics laws
“United States narcotics laws” applies in that section
The term “United States narcotics laws” means the laws of the United States for the prevention and control of illicit trafficking in controlled substances (as such term is defined in section 802(6) of title 21 ). (10) United States person
“United States person” applies in that section
The term “United States person” means— (A) a citizen or national of the United States; or (B) an alien lawfully present in the United States.
“designated foreign government” applies in that section
the term “designated foreign government” means a foreign government that the Secretary of State has determined, for purposes of section 4605(j)(1) 1 of title 50, has repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism. (2) Security forces As used in this section,
“security forces” applies in that section
the term “security forces” means any military or paramilitary forces, any police or other law enforcement agency (including any police or other law enforcement agency at the regional or local level), and any intelligence agency of a foreign government. (3) United States As used in this section,
“United States” applies in that section
the term “United States” includes any State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and any territory or possession of the United States. (4) United States person As used in this section,
“United States person” applies in that section
the term “United States person” means any United States national, any permanent resident alien, and any sole proprietorship, partnership, company, association, or corporation organized under the laws of or having its principal place of business within the United States. (f) Violations (1) Penalties Whoever willfully violates any regulation issued under this section shall be fined not more than $100,000 or five times the total compensation received for the conduct which constitutes the violation, whichever is greater, or imprisoned for not more than ten years, or both, for each such offense.
“reception areas” applies in that section
the term “reception areas” means the areas of the Harry S Truman Federal Building, located at 2201 C Street, Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia, known as the Diplomatic Reception Rooms (eighth floor), the Secretary of State’s offices (seventh floor), the Deputy Secretary of State’s offices (seventh floor), and the seventh floor reception area.
“controlled substance” applies in that section
the term “controlled substance” has the same meaning as is provided in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act ( 21 U.S.C. 802 );
“Federal drug offense” applies in that section
the term “Federal drug offense” means a violation of— (A) the Controlled Substances Act ( 21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.) or the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act ( 21 U.S.C. 951 et seq.); (B) any other Federal law involving controlled substances; or (C) subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31 (commonly referred to as the “Bank Secrecy Act”), or section 1956 or section 1957 of title 18 (commonly referred to as the “Money Laundering Act”), if the Secretary of State determines that the violation is related to illicit production of or trafficking in a controlled substance;
“felony” applies in that section
the term “felony” means a criminal offense punishable by death or imprisonment for more than one year;
“imprisoned” applies in that section
the term “imprisoned” means an individual is confined in or otherwise restricted to a jail-type institution, a half-way house, a treatment facility, or another institution, on a full or part-time basis, pursuant to the sentence imposed as the result of a conviction;
“misdemeanor” applies in that section
the term “misdemeanor” means a criminal offense other than a felony;
“State drug offense” applies in that section
the term “State drug offense” means a violation of State law involving the manufacture, distribution, or possession of a controlled substance; and;
“State law” applies in that section
the term “State law” means the law of a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or a territory or possession of the United States.
“consular officer” applies in that section
the term “consular officer” includes any United States citizen employee of the Department of State who is designated by the Secretary of State to perform consular services pursuant to such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe.
“appropriate committees of Congress” applies in that section
the term “appropriate committees of Congress” means— (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; (2) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; (3) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and (4) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
“appropriate committees of the Congress” applies in that section
the term “appropriate committees of the Congress” means the Committee on the Judiciary and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on the Judiciary and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.
“serious criminal offense” applies in that section
the term “serious criminal offense” means— (A) any felony under Federal, State, or local law; (B) any Federal, State, or local offense punishable by a term of imprisonment of more than 1 year; (C) any crime of violence as defined for purposes of section 16 of title 18 ; or (D) (i) driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs; (ii) reckless driving; or (iii) driving while intoxicated.
“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section
The term “appropriate congressional committees” means the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations of the House of Representatives. (2) To effect the involuntary return
“to effect the involuntary return” applies in that section
The term “to effect the involuntary return” means to require, by means of physical force or circumstances amounting to a threat thereof, a person to return to a country against the person’s will, regardless of whether the person is physically present in the United States and regardless of whether the United States acts directly or through an agent.
“Abraham Accords” applies in that section
The term “Abraham Accords” means— (A) the Abraham Accords Declaration, done at Washington September 15, 2020 ; (B) the Abraham Accords Peace Agreement: Treaty of Peace, Diplomatic Relations and Full Normalization Between the United Arab Emirates and Israel, done at Washington September 15, 2020 ; (C) the Abraham Accords: Declaration of Peace, Cooperation, and Constructive Diplomatic and Friendly Relations, done at Washington September 15, 2020 , between Israel and the Kingdom of Bahrain; and (D) the Joint Declaration of the Kingdom of Morocco, the United States, and Israel, done at Rabat December 22, 2020 .
“key partners in regional integration” applies in that section
The term “key partners in regional integration” means— (A) any Abraham Accords country; (B) Egypt; (C) Jordan; (D) the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and (E) any other active and constructive country that supports cooperation— (i) to normalize relations between countries in the Middle East and North Africa and Israel; and (ii) to advance regional integration. (4) Negev Forum
“Negev Forum” applies in that section
The term “Negev Forum” means the regional grouping known as the Negev Forum Regional Cooperation Framework that was adopted on November 10, 2022 , or any successor group. (5) Observer
“observer” applies in that section
The term “observer”— (A) means any country, particularly inside the Middle East and North Africa region, or political entity that— (i) directly supports the objectives and processes of the Negev Forum; (ii) expresses serious interest in participating in certain projects determined by the Negev Forum that benefit normalization with Israel and greater regional integration; and (iii) is not an official member of the Negev Forum Steering Committee or any working group of the Negev Forum; and (B) includes 3+1 format members Cyprus and Greece. (6) Other regional actors
“other regional actors” applies in that section
The term “other regional actors” means the Palestinian Authority or a credible future political entity that serves as the interlocutor for the Palestinian people. (7) Strengthen The term “strengthen”, with respect to the Abraham Accords and the Negev Forum, means to engage in efforts that improve the diplomatic relations between Abraham Accords countries and broaden the breadth and scope of issues on which Abraham Accords countries cooperate.
“NATO/SHAPE project” applies in that section
the term “NATO/SHAPE project” means a common-funded project supported by allocated credits from North Atlantic Treaty Organization bodies or by host nations with NATO Infrastructure funds. (f) Public inspection of contracts Any contracts entered into between the United States and a foreign country under the authority of this section or section 2762 of this title shall be prepared in a manner which will permit them to be made available for public inspection to the fullest extent possible consistent with the national security of the United States.
“support or procurement partnership agreement” applies in that section
the term “support or procurement partnership agreement” means an agreement between two or more member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Support and Procurement Organization and its executive agencies that— (I) is entered into pursuant to the terms of the charter of that organization; and (II) is for the common logistic support of activities common to the participating countries; and;
“cash flow financing” applies in that section
the term “cash flow financing” has the meaning given such term in subsection (d) of section 2765 of this title . (h) Limitation on use of funds for direct commercial contracts Of the amounts made available for a fiscal year to carry out this section, not more than $100,000,000 for such fiscal year may be made available for countries other than Israel and Egypt for the purpose of financing the procurement of defense articles, defense services, and design and construction services that are not sold by the United States Government under this chapter.
“concessional rate of interest” applies in that section
the term “concessional rate of interest” means any rate of interest which is less than market rates of interest; and;
“market rate of interest” applies in that section
the term “market rate of interest” means any rate of interest which is equal to or greater than the current average interest rate (as of the last day of the month preceding the financing of the procurement under this section) that the United States Government pays on outstanding marketable obligations of comparable maturity. (d) Participations in credits References in any law to credits extended under this section shall be deemed to include reference to participations in credits.
“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section
the term “appropriate congressional committees” means the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
“cash flow financing” applies in that section
the term “cash flow financing” means the dollar amount of the difference between the total estimated price of a Letter of Offer and Acceptance or other purchase agreement that has been approved for financing under this chapter or under section 503(a)(3) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [ 22 U.S.C. 2311(a)(3) ] and the amount of the financing that has been approved therefor; 3 (d) 2 Transmission of information to Congress The information required by subsection (a)(4) of this section shall be transmitted to the Congress no later than April 1 of each year. (e) “Appropriate congressional committees” defined As used in this section,
“security assistance surveys” applies in that section
the term “security assistance surveys” means any survey or study conducted in a foreign country by United States Government personnel for the purpose of assessing the needs of that country for security assistance, and includes defense requirement surveys, site surveys, general surveys or studies, and engineering assessment surveys.
“other participant” applies in that section
the term “other participant” means a participant in a cooperative project other than the United States. (c) Agreements for equitable share of costs; limiting nature of agreements Each agreement for a cooperative project shall provide that the United States and each of the other participants will contribute to the cooperative project its equitable share of the full cost of such cooperative project and will receive an equitable share of the results of such cooperative project. The full costs of such cooperative project shall include overhead costs, administrative costs, and costs of claims.
“offset agreement” applies in that section
the term “offset agreement” means an agreement, arrangement, or understanding between a United States supplier of defense articles or defense services and a foreign country under which the supplier agrees to purchase or acquire, or to promote the purchase or acquisition by other United States persons of, goods or services produced, manufactured, grown, or extracted, in whole or in part, in that foreign country in consideration for the purchase by the foreign country of defense articles or defense service from the supplier; and;
“qualitative military edge” applies in that section
the term “qualitative military edge” means the ability to counter and defeat any credible conventional military threat from any individual state or possible coalition of states or from non-state actors, while sustaining minimal damages and casualties, through the use of superior military means, possessed in sufficient quantity, including weapons, command, control, communication, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance capabilities that in their technical characteristics are superior in capability to those of such other individual or possible coalition of states or non-state actors.
“United States person” applies in that section
the term “United States person” means— (A) an individual who is a national or permanent resident alien of the United States; and (B) any corporation, business association, partnership, trust, or other juridical entity— (i) organized under the laws of the United States or any State, district, territory, or possession thereof; or (ii) owned or controlled in fact by individuals described in subparagraph (A).
“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section
The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (i) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and (ii) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate. (k) Licensing of certain commerce-controlled items (1) In general A license or other approval from the Department of State granted in accordance with this section may also authorize the export of items subject to the Export Administration Regulations if such items are to be used in or with defense articles controlled on the United States Munitions List.
“defense article” applies in that section
the term “defense article” means an item designated by the President pursuant to subsection (a)(1). (6) The President shall ensure that any major defense equipment that is listed on the 600 series of the Commerce Control List contained in Supplement No. 1 to part 774 of subtitle B of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations, shall continue to be subject to the notification and reporting requirements of the following provisions of law: (A) Section 2321j(f) of this title . (B) Section 2415 of this title . (C) Section 2753(d)(3)(A) of this title . (D) Section 2765 of this title . (E) Section 2776(b), (c), and (d) of this title.
“defense items” applies in that section
The term “defense items” means defense articles, defense services, and related technical data. (B) Appropriate congressional committees
“Export Administration Regulations” applies in that section
the term “Export Administration Regulations” means— (A) the Export Administration Regulations as maintained and amended under the authority of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.); or (B) any successor regulations.
“foreign corporation” applies in that section
the term “foreign corporation” means a corporation that is not incorporated in the United States;
“foreign defense article or defense service” applies in that section
the term “foreign defense article or defense service” includes any non-United States defense article or defense service of a nature described on the United States Munitions List regardless of whether such article or service is of United States origin or whether such article or service contains United States origin components.
“foreign government” applies in that section
the term “foreign government” includes any agency or subdivision of a foreign government, including an official mission of a foreign government;
“foreign person” applies in that section
the term “foreign person” means any person who is not a citizen or national of the United States or lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence under the Immigration and Nationality Act [ 8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.], and includes foreign corporations, international organizations, and foreign governments;
“party to the export” applies in that section
the term “party to the export” means— (i) the president, the chief executive officer, and other senior officers of the license applicant; (ii) the freight forwarders or designated exporting agent of the license application; and (iii) any consignee or end user of any item to be exported; and;
“person” applies in that section
the term “person” means a natural person as well as a corporation, business association, partnership, society, trust, or any other entity, organization, or group, including governmental entities. (h) Judicial review of designation of items as defense articles or services The designation by the President (or by an official to whom the President’s functions under subsection (a) have been duly delegated), in regulations issued under this section, of items as defense articles or defense services for purposes of this section shall not be subject to judicial review.
“incentive payments” applies in that section
the term “incentive payments” means direct monetary compensation made by a United States supplier of defense articles or defense services or by any employee, agent or subcontractor thereof to any other United States person to induce or persuade that United States person to purchase or acquire goods or services produced, manufactured, grown, or extracted, in whole or in part, in the foreign country which is purchasing those defense articles or services from the United States supplier; and;
“offset agreement” applies in that section
the term “offset agreement” means an agreement, arrangement, or understanding between a United States supplier of defense articles or defense services and a foreign country under which the supplier agrees to purchase or acquire, or to promote the purchase or acquisition by other United States persons of, goods or services produced, manufactured, grown, or extracted, in whole or in part, in that foreign country in consideration for the purchase by the foreign country of defense articles or defense services from the supplier;
“United States person” applies in that section
the term “United States person” means— (A) an individual who is a national or permanent resident alien of the United States; and (B) any corporation, business association, partnership, trust, or other juridical entity— (i) organized under the laws of the United States or any State, the District of Columbia, or any territory or possession of the United States; or (ii) owned or controlled in fact by individuals described in subparagraph (A) or by an entity described in clause (i).
“munitions item” applies in that section
the term “munitions item” means any item enumerated on the United States Munitions list 2 (without regard to whether the item is imported into or exported from the United States); (2) the term “United States”, when used geographically, means the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and any territory or possession of the United States;
“nuclear explosive device” applies in that section
the term “nuclear explosive device” has the meaning given that term in section 6305(4) of this title ; and;
“United States person” applies in that section
the term “United States person” means— (A) any citizen or permanent resident alien of the United States; (B) any sole proprietorship, partnership, company, association, or corporation having its principal place of business within the United States or organized under the laws of the United States, any State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or any territory or possession of the United States; (C) any other person with respect to that person’s actions while in the United States; and (D) to the extent provided in regulations issued by the Secretary of State, any person that is not described in subparagraph (A), (B), or …
“unsafeguarded special nuclear material” applies in that section
the term “unsafeguarded special nuclear material” has the meaning given that term in section 6305(8) of this title .
“major refurbishment work” applies in that section
the term “major refurbishment work” means work for which the period of performance is 6 months or more. (c) Applicable statutory authorities Defense articles in the stocks of the Department of Defense may be leased or loaned to a foreign country or international organization only under the authority of this subchapter or chapter 2 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [ 22 U.S.C. 2311 et seq.], and may not be leased to a foreign country or international organization under the authority of section 2667 of title 10 .
“NATO ally” applies in that section
the term “NATO ally” means a member country of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (other than the United States).
“foreign person” applies throughout its subchapter
the term “foreign person” means any person other than a United States person; (8);
“international understanding” applies throughout its subchapter
the term “international understanding” means— (1) any specific agreement by a country not to export, transfer, or otherwise engage in the trade of any MTCR equipment or technology that contributes to the acquisition, design, development, or production of missiles in a country that is not an MTCR adherent and would be, if it were United States-origin equipment or technology, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States under this chapter; or (2) any specific understanding by a country that, notwithstanding section 2797b(b) of this title , the United States retains the right to take the actions under section 2797b(a)(2) of this title in the case of any export or transfer of any MTCR …
“missile” applies throughout its subchapter
the term “missile” means a category I system as defined in the MTCR Annex, and any other unmanned delivery system of similar capability, as well as the specially designed production facilities for these systems;
“missile equipment or technology” applies throughout its subchapter
the terms “missile equipment or technology” and “MTCR equipment or technology” mean those items listed in category I or category II of the MTCR Annex;
“Missile Technology Control Regime” applies throughout its subchapter
the term “Missile Technology Control Regime” or “MTCR” means the policy statement, between the United States, the United Kingdom, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Canada, and Japan, announced on April 16, 1987 , to restrict sensitive missile-relevant transfers based on the MTCR Annex, and any amendments thereto;
“MTCR” applies throughout its subchapter
the term “Missile Technology Control Regime” or “MTCR” means the policy statement, between the United States, the United Kingdom, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Canada, and Japan, announced on April 16, 1987 , to restrict sensitive missile-relevant transfers based on the MTCR Annex, and any amendments thereto;
“MTCR adherent” applies throughout its subchapter
the term “MTCR adherent” means a country that participates in the MTCR or that, pursuant to an international understanding to which the United States is a party, controls MTCR equipment or technology in accordance with the criteria and standards set forth in the MTCR;
“MTCR Annex” applies throughout its subchapter
the term “MTCR Annex” means the Guidelines and Equipment and Technology Annex of the MTCR, and any amendments thereto;
“MTCR equipment or technology” applies throughout its subchapter
the terms “missile equipment or technology” and “MTCR equipment or technology” mean those items listed in category I or category II of the MTCR Annex;
“otherwise engaged in the trade of” applies throughout its subchapter
the term “otherwise engaged in the trade of” means, with respect to a particular export or transfer, to be a freight forwarder or designated exporting agent, or a consignee or end user of the item to be exported or transferred. (b) International understanding defined For purposes of subsection (a)(3), as it relates to any international understanding concluded with the United States after January 1, 2000 ,
“person” applies throughout its subchapter
the term “person” means a natural person as well as a corporation, business association, partnership, society, trust, any other nongovernmental entity, organization, or group, and any governmental entity operating as a business enterprise, and any successor of any such entity; and (B) in the case of countries with non-market economies (excluding former members of the Warsaw Pact),
“United States person” applies throughout its subchapter
the term “United States person” has the meaning given that term in section 4618(2) 1 of title 50;
“foreign person” applies in that section
the term “foreign person” means— (1) an individual who is not a citizen of the United States or an alien admitted for permanent residence to the United States; or (2) a corporation, partnership, or other entity which is created or organized under the laws of a foreign country or which has its principal place of business outside the United States.
“component” applies in that section
the term “component” means a specific component of a nuclear explosive device. (4) (A) Notwithstanding paragraph (1) of this subsection, the President may, for a period of not more than 30 days of continuous session, delay the imposition of sanctions which would otherwise be required under paragraph (1)(A) or (1)(B) of this subsection if the President first transmits to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and to the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, a certification that he has determined that an immediate imposition of sanctions on that country would be detrimental to the national security of the United States.
“design information” applies in that section
the term “design information” means specific information that relates to the design of a nuclear explosive device and that is not available to the public; and;
“joint resolution” applies in that section
the term “joint resolution” means a joint resolution the matter after the resolving clause of which is as follows: “That the Congress having received on __ a certification by the President under section 102(b)(4) of the Arms Export Control Act with respect to __, the Congress hereby authorizes the President to exercise the waiver authority contained in section 102(b)(5) of that Act.”, with the date of receipt of the certification inserted in the first blank and the name of the country inserted in the second blank.
“non-nuclear-weapon state” applies in that section
the term “non-nuclear-weapon state” means any country which is not a nuclear-weapon state, as defined in Article IX(3) of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.