r/title-22-FOREIGN-RELATIONS-AND-INTERCOURSE wiki — defined terms
The statute’s own glossary: every term Title 22 defines, in section order.
“United States person” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “United States person” means— (A) a natural person who is a citizen or resident of the United States or a national of the United States (as defined in section 1101(a) of title 8 ; 1 and (B) an entity that is organized under the laws of the United States or any State.
“United States financial institution” applies in that section
the term “United States financial institution” means a financial institution (as defined in section 14 of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 ( Public Law 104–172 ; 50 U.S.C. 1701 note)) that is a United States person. (c) Penalties The penalties provided for in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1705 ) shall apply to a person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of this section or regulations prescribed under this section to the same extent that such penalties apply to a person that commits an unlawful act described in section 206(a) of that Act.
“account” applies in that section
The terms “account”, “correspondent account”, and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in section 5318A of title 31 . (B) Agent
“agent” applies in that section
The term “agent” includes an entity established by a person for purposes of conducting transactions on behalf of the person in order to conceal the identity of the person. (C) Financial institution
“correspondent account” applies in that section
The terms “account”, “correspondent account”, and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in section 5318A of title 31 . (B) Agent
“financial institution” applies in that section
The term “financial institution” means a financial institution specified in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), (I), (J), (M), or (Z) of section 5312(a)(2) of title 31 . (D) Foreign financial institution; domestic financial institution The terms “foreign financial institution” and “domestic financial institution” shall have the meanings of those terms as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury. (E) Money laundering
“money laundering” applies in that section
The term “money laundering” means the movement of illicit cash or cash equivalent proceeds into, out of, or through a country, or into, out of, or through a financial institution. (2) Other definitions The Secretary of the Treasury may further define the terms used in this section in the regulations prescribed under this section.
“NIOC” applies in that section
The term “NIOC” means the National Iranian Oil Company. (ii) NITC
“NITC” applies in that section
The term “NITC” means the National Iranian Tanker Company. (d) Penalties for domestic financial institutions for actions of persons owned or controlled by such financial institutions (1) In general Not later than 90 days after July 1, 2010 , the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe regulations to prohibit any person owned or controlled by a domestic financial institution from knowingly engaging in a transaction or transactions with or benefitting Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Corps or any of its agents or affiliates whose property or interests in property are blocked pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.).
“payable-through account” applies in that section
The terms “account”, “correspondent account”, and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in section 5318A of title 31 . (B) Agent
“account” applies in that section
The terms “account”, “correspondent account”, and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in section 5318A of title 31 . (2) Foreign financial institution
“correspondent account” applies in that section
The terms “account”, “correspondent account”, and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in section 5318A of title 31 . (2) Foreign financial institution
“foreign financial institution” applies in that section
The term “foreign financial institution” has the meaning of that term as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to section 8513(i) of this title . (3) Significant reductions The terms “reduce significantly”, “significant reduction”, and “significantly reduced”, with respect to purchases from Iran of petroleum and petroleum products, include a reduction in such purchases in terms of price or volume toward a complete cessation of such purchases. (4) United States person
“payable-through account” applies in that section
The terms “account”, “correspondent account”, and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in section 5318A of title 31 . (2) Foreign financial institution
“United States person” applies in that section
The term “United States person” means— (A) a natural person who is a citizen or resident of the United States or a national of the United States (as defined in section 1101(a) of title 8 ); and (B) an entity that is organized under the laws of the United States or a jurisdiction within the United States. (i) Termination The provisions of this section shall terminate on the date that is 30 days after the date on which the President submits to Congress the certification described in section 8551(a) of this title .
“financial institution” applies in that section
The term “financial institution” means a financial institution specified in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), (I), (J), (K), (M), (N), (R), or (Z) of section 5312(a)(2) of title 31 . (2) Foreign financial institution
“foreign financial institution” applies in that section
The term “foreign financial institution” has the meaning of that term as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to section 8513(i) of this title . (3) Iranian financial institution
“Iranian financial institution” applies in that section
The term “Iranian financial institution” means— (A) a financial institution organized under the laws of Iran or any jurisdiction within Iran, including a foreign branch of such an institution; (B) a financial institution located in Iran; (C) a financial institution, wherever located, owned or controlled by the Government of Iran; and (D) a financial institution, wherever located, owned or controlled by a financial institution described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C).
“good” applies in that section
the term “good” has the meaning given that term in section 8801(a) of this title .
“sensitive technology” applies in that section
The term “sensitive technology” means hardware, software, telecommunications equipment, or any other technology, that the President determines is to be used specifically— (A) to restrict the free flow of unbiased information in Iran; or (B) to disrupt, monitor, or otherwise restrict speech of the people of Iran. (2) Exception The term “sensitive technology” does not include information or informational materials the exportation of which the President does not have the authority to regulate or prohibit pursuant to section 1702(b)(3) of title 50 .
“financial institution” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “financial institution” has the meaning given that term in section 14 of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 ( Public Law 104–172 ; 50 U.S.C. 1701 note). (3) Iran
“Iran” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “Iran” includes the Government of Iran and any agency or instrumentality of Iran. (4) Person
“person” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “person” means— (A) a natural person, corporation, company, business association, partnership, society, trust, or any other nongovernmental entity, organization, or group; (B) any governmental entity or instrumentality of a government, including a multilateral development institution (as defined in section 262r(c)(3) of this title ); and (C) any successor, subunit, parent entity, or subsidiary of, or any entity under common ownership or control with, any entity described in subparagraph (A) or (B). (5) State
“State” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “State” means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, and any other territory or possession of the United States. (6) State or local government
“State or local government” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “State or local government” includes— (A) any State and any agency or instrumentality thereof; (B) any local government within a State, and any agency or instrumentality thereof; (C) any other governmental instrumentality of a State or locality; and (D) any public institution of higher education within the meaning of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.).
“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives. (3) Commerce Control List
“Commerce Control List” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “Commerce Control List” means the list maintained pursuant to part 774 of the Export Administration Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling). (4) Divert; diversion The terms “divert” and “diversion” refer to the transfer or release, directly or indirectly, of a good, service, or technology to an end-user or an intermediary that is not an authorized recipient of the good, service, or technology. (5) End-user The term “end-user”, with respect to a good, service, or technology, means the person that receives and ultimately uses the good, service, or technology. (6) Export Administration Regulations
“Export Administration Regulations” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “Export Administration Regulations” means subchapter C of chapter VII of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling). (7) Government
“government” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “government” includes any agency or instrumentality of a government. (8) Intermediary
“intermediary” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “intermediary” means a person that receives a good, service, or technology while the good, service, or technology is in transit to the end-user of the good, service, or technology. (9) International Traffic in Arms Regulations
“International Traffic in Arms Regulations” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “International Traffic in Arms Regulations” means subchapter M of chapter I of title 22, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling). (10) Iran
“Iran” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “Iran” includes the Government of Iran and any agency or instrumentality of Iran. (11) Iranian end-user
“Iranian end-user” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “Iranian end-user” means an end-user that is the Government of Iran or a person in, or an agency or instrumentality of, Iran. (12) Iranian intermediary
“Iranian intermediary” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “Iranian intermediary” means an intermediary that is the Government of Iran or a person in, or an agency or instrumentality of, Iran. (13) State sponsor of terrorism
“state sponsor of terrorism” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “state sponsor of terrorism” means any country the government of which the Secretary of State has determined has repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism pursuant to— (A) section 4605(j)(1)(A) 1 of title 50 (or any successor thereto); (B) section 2780(d) of this title ; or (C) section 2371(a) of this title . (14) United States Munitions List
“United States Munitions List” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “United States Munitions List” means the list maintained pursuant to part 121 of the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling).
“admission” applies throughout its subchapter
The terms “admission”, “admitted”, and “alien” have the meanings given those terms in section 1101 of title 8 . (2) Appropriate congressional committees
“admitted” applies throughout its subchapter
The terms “admission”, “admitted”, and “alien” have the meanings given those terms in section 1101 of title 8 . (2) Appropriate congressional committees
“alien” applies throughout its subchapter
The terms “admission”, “admitted”, and “alien” have the meanings given those terms in section 1101 of title 8 . (2) Appropriate congressional committees
“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on the Judiciary, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and (B) the Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on the Judiciary, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives. (3) Correspondent account; payable-through account
“correspondent account” applies throughout its subchapter
The terms “correspondent account” and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in section 5318A of title 31 . (4) Foreign financial institution
“foreign financial institution” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “foreign financial institution” has the meaning of that term as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to section 8513(i) of this title . (5) Foreign person
“foreign person” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “foreign person” means any individual or entity that is not a United States person. (6) United States person
“payable-through account” applies throughout its subchapter
The terms “correspondent account” and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in section 5318A of title 31 . (4) Foreign financial institution
“United States person” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “United States person” means— (A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States; or (B) an entity organized under the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States, including a foreign branch of such an entity.
“good” applies in that section
the term “good” means any article, natural or manmade substance, material, supply or manufactured product, including inspection and test equipment, and excluding technical data.
“agricultural commodity” applies in that section
The term “agricultural commodity” has the meaning given that term in section 5602 of title 7 . (B) Medical device
“medical device” applies in that section
The term “medical device” has the meaning given the term “device” in section 321 of title 21 . (C) Medicine
“medicine” applies in that section
The term “medicine” has the meaning given the term “drug” in section 321 of title 21 . (g) Exception for safety of vessels and crew Sanctions under this section shall not apply with respect to a person providing provisions to a vessel otherwise subject to sanctions under this section if such provisions are intended for the safety and care of the crew aboard the vessel, the protection of human life aboard the vessel, or the maintenance of the vessel to avoid any environmental or other significant damage.
“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its subchapter
The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on the Judiciary, and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives; and (B) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on the Judiciary, and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate. (2) Covered family member The term “covered family member”, with respect to a foreign person who is an individual, means a spouse, adult child, parent, or sibling of the person who engages in the sanctionable activity described under section 8572 of this title or who demonstrably benefits from such activity.
“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its chapter
The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and (B) the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives. (2) Qualitative military edge
“qualitative military edge” applies throughout its chapter
The term “qualitative military edge” has the meaning given the term in section 2776(h)(2) 1 of this title.
“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section
The term “appropriate congressional committees” has the meaning given that term in section 14 of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 ( Public Law 104–172 ; 50 U.S.C. 1701 note). (2) Financial transaction
“financial transaction” applies in that section
The term “financial transaction” means any transfer of value involving a financial institution, including the transfer of forwards, futures, options, swaps, or precious metals, including gold, silver, platinum, and palladium. (3) Knowingly
“knowingly” applies in that section
The term “knowingly” has the meaning given that term in section 14 of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 ( Public Law 104–172 ; 50 U.S.C. 1701 note). (4) United States person
“United States person” applies in that section
The term “United States person” has the meaning given that term in section 8511 of this title .
“agricultural commodity” applies in that section
The term “agricultural commodity” has the meaning given that term in section 5602 of title 7 . (2) Medical device
“medical device” applies in that section
The term “medical device” has the meaning given the term “device” in section 321 of title 21 . (3) Medicine
“medicine” applies in that section
The term “medicine” has the meaning given the term “drug” in section 321 of title 21 . (d) Application of provisions of Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 The following provisions of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996, as amended by this Act, apply with respect to the imposition of sanctions under subsection (a) to the same extent that such provisions apply with respect to the imposition of sanctions under section 5(a) of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996: (1) Subsection (c) of section 4. (2) Subsections (c), (d), and (f) of section 5. (3) Section 8. (4) Section 9. (5) Section 11. (6) Section 12. (7) Subsection (b) of section 13. (8) Section 14.
“entity” applies in that section
The term “entity” means a partnership, association, trust, joint venture, corporation, or other organization. (2) Own or control
“own or control” applies in that section
The term “own or control” means, with respect to an entity— (A) to hold more than 50 percent of the equity interest by vote or value in the entity; (B) to hold a majority of seats on the board of directors of the entity; or (C) to otherwise control the actions, policies, or personnel decisions of the entity.
“transaction” applies in that section
the term “transaction” includes a barter transaction. (b) Imposition of sanctions If the President determines under subsection (a)(1) that a foreign person has knowingly engaged in an activity described in that subsection, the President— (1) shall impose 5 or more of the sanctions described in section 6(a) of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996, as amended by section 204; and (2) may impose additional sanctions pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) with respect to the person.
“appropriate congressional committees” applies in that section
the term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Finance, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on Ways and Means, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
“political prisoner” applies in that section
The term “political prisoner” means a person who has been detained or imprisoned on politically motivated grounds.;
“prisoner of conscience” applies in that section
The term “prisoner of conscience” means a person who— (A) is imprisoned or otherwise physically restricted solely in response to the peaceful exercise of the human rights of such person; and (B) has not used violence or advocated violence or hatred.
“blocked asset” applies in that section
The term “blocked asset”— (A) means any asset seized or frozen by the United States under section 4305(b) of title 50 or under section 202 or 203 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 and 1702); and (B) does not include property that— (i) is subject to a license issued by the United States Government for final payment, transfer, or disposition by or to a person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States in connection with a transaction for which the issuance of the license has been specifically required by a provision of law other than the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C.
“entity” applies in that section
The term “entity” means a partnership, association, trust, joint venture, corporation, group, subgroup, or other organization. (5) Terrorist party
“financial asset” applies in that section
The terms “financial asset” and “securities intermediary” have the meanings given those terms in the Uniform Commercial Code, but the former includes cash. (3) Iran
“Iran” applies in that section
The term “Iran” means the Government of Iran, including the central bank or monetary authority of that Government and any agency or instrumentality of that Government. (4) Person (A) In general
“person” applies in that section
The term “person” means an individual or entity. (B) Entity
“securities intermediary” applies in that section
The terms “financial asset” and “securities intermediary” have the meanings given those terms in the Uniform Commercial Code, but the former includes cash. (3) Iran
“terrorist party” applies in that section
The term “terrorist party” has the meaning given that term in section 201(d) of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 ( 28 U.S.C. 1610 note). (6) United States
“United States” applies in that section
The term “United States” includes all territory and waters, continental, or insular, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
“sensitive technology” applies in that section
the term “sensitive technology” means hardware, software, telecommunications equipment, or any other technology, that the President determines is to be used specifically— (I) to restrict the free flow of unbiased information in Syria; or (II) to disrupt, monitor, or otherwise restrict speech of the people of Syria. (ii) Exception The term “sensitive technology” does not include information or informational materials the exportation of which the President does not have the authority to regulate or prohibit pursuant to section 1702(b)(3) of title 50 .
“agricultural commodity” applies throughout its chapter
The term “agricultural commodity” has the meaning given that term in section 5602 of title 7 . (2) Appropriate congressional committees
“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its chapter
The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the committees specified in section 14(2) of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 ( Public Law 104–172 ; 50 U.S.C. 1701 note); and (B) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives. (3) Coal
“coal” applies throughout its chapter
The term “coal” means metallurgical coal, coking coal, or fuel coke. (4) Correspondent account; payable-through account
“correspondent account” applies throughout its chapter
The terms “correspondent account” and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in section 5318A of title 31 . (5) Foreign financial institution
“foreign financial institution” applies throughout its chapter
The term “foreign financial institution” has the meaning of that term as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to section 8513(i) of this title . (6) Good
“good” applies throughout its chapter
The term “good” has the meaning given that term in section 4618 1 of title 50 (as continued in effect pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)). (7) Iranian financial institution
“Iranian financial institution” applies throughout its chapter
The term “Iranian financial institution” has the meaning given that term in section 8513b(d) of this title . (8) Iranian person
“Iranian person” applies throughout its chapter
The term “Iranian person” means— (A) an individual who is a citizen or national of Iran; and (B) an entity organized under the laws of Iran or otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of the Government of Iran. (9) Knowingly The term “knowingly”, with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or the result. (10) Medical device
“medical device” applies throughout its chapter
The term “medical device” has the meaning given the term “device” in section 321 of title 21 . (11) Medicine
“medicine” applies throughout its chapter
The term “medicine” has the meaning given the term “drug” in section 321 of title 21 . (12) Shipping The term “shipping” refers to the transportation of goods by a vessel and related activities. (13) United States person
“payable-through account” applies throughout its chapter
The terms “correspondent account” and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in section 5318A of title 31 . (5) Foreign financial institution
“United States person” applies throughout its chapter
The term “United States person” has the meaning given that term in section 8511 of this title . (14) Vessel
“vessel” applies throughout its chapter
The term “vessel” has the meaning given that term in section 3 of title 1 . (b) Determinations of significance For purposes of this chapter, in determining if financial transactions or financial services are significant, the President may consider the totality of the facts and circumstances, including factors similar to the factors set forth in section 561.404 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling).
“alien” applies throughout its chapter
The term “alien” has the meaning given that term in section 1101(a) of title 8 . (2) Appropriate congressional committees
“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its chapter
The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on Appropriations, and the majority leader and minority leader of the Senate; and (B) the Committee on Financial Services 1 the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Speaker and minority leader of the House of Representatives. (3) Materially assisted
“materially assisted” applies throughout its chapter
The term “materially assisted” means the provision of assistance that is significant and of a kind directly relevant to acts described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of section 8907(a) of this title or acts described in section 8908(a)(1) of this title . (4) United States person
“United States person” applies throughout its chapter
The term “United States person” means— (A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States; or (B) an entity organized under the laws of the United States or of any jurisdiction within the United States, including a foreign branch of such an entity.
“good” applies in that section
the term “good” has the meaning given that term in section 4618 1 of title 50 (as continued in effect pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)). (4) Exception to comply with United Nations headquarters agreement Sanctions under paragraph (1)(B) shall not apply to an alien if admitting the alien into the United States is necessary to permit the United States to comply with the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947 , and entered into force November 21, 1947 , between the United Nations and the United States, or other applicable international obligations.
“good” applies in that section
the term “good” has the meaning given that term in section 4618 1 of title 50 (as continued in effect pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)). (4) Exception to comply with United Nations headquarters agreement Sanctions under paragraph (1)(B) shall not apply to an alien if admitting the alien into the United States is necessary to permit the United States to comply with the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947 , and entered into force November 21, 1947 , between the United Nations and the United States, or other applicable international obligations.
“covered Executive order” applies in that section
The term “covered Executive order” means any of the following: (A) Executive Order No. 13660 (79 Fed. Reg. 13493; relating to blocking property of certain persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine). (B) Executive Order No. 13661 (79 Fed. Reg. 15535; relating to blocking property of additional persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine). (C) Executive Order No. 13662 (79 Fed. Reg. 16169; relating to blocking property of additional persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine). (D) Executive Order No. 13685 (79 Fed. Reg. 77357; relating to blocking property of certain persons and prohibiting certain transactions with respect to the Crimea region of Ukraine).
“foreign person” applies in that section
The term “foreign person” has the meaning given such term in section 595.304 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on August 2, 2017 ). (3) Structured The term “structured”, with respect to a transaction, has the meaning given the term “structure” in paragraph (xx) of section 1010.100 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling).
“account” applies throughout its chapter
The terms “account”, “correspondent account”, and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in section 5318A of title 31 . (2) Appropriate congressional committees
“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its chapter
The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; and (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives. (3) Defense article; defense service; training
“correspondent account” applies throughout its chapter
The terms “account”, “correspondent account”, and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in section 5318A of title 31 . (2) Appropriate congressional committees
“defense article” applies throughout its chapter
The terms “defense article”, “defense service”, and “training” have the meanings given those terms in section 2794 of this title . (4) Financial institution
“defense service” applies throughout its chapter
The terms “defense article”, “defense service”, and “training” have the meanings given those terms in section 2794 of this title . (4) Financial institution
“financial institution” applies throughout its chapter
The term “financial institution” means a financial institution specified in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), (I), (J), (M), or (Z) of section 5312(a)(2) of title 31 . (5) Foreign financial institution
“foreign financial institution” applies throughout its chapter
The term “foreign financial institution” has the meaning given that term in section 561.308 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling). (6) Foreign person
“foreign person” applies throughout its chapter
The term “foreign person” means any individual or entity that is not a United States citizen, a permanent resident alien, or an entity organized under the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States. (7) Knowingly The term “knowingly”, with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or the result. (8) Russian person
“payable-through account” applies throughout its chapter
The terms “account”, “correspondent account”, and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in section 5318A of title 31 . (2) Appropriate congressional committees
“Russian person” applies throughout its chapter
The term “Russian person” means— (A) an individual who is a citizen or national of the Russian Federation; or (B) an entity organized under the laws of the Russian Federation. (9) Special Russian crude oil project
“special Russian crude oil project” applies throughout its chapter
The term “special Russian crude oil project” means a project intended to extract crude oil from— (A) the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation in waters more than 500 feet deep; (B) Russian Arctic offshore locations; or (C) shale formations located in the Russian Federation.
“training” applies throughout its chapter
The terms “defense article”, “defense service”, and “training” have the meanings given those terms in section 2794 of this title . (4) Financial institution
“good” applies in that section
the term “good” has the meaning given that term in section 16 of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2415) 1 (as continued in effect pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)).
“specified country” applies in that section
the term “specified country” means— (i) Ukraine, Georgia, and Moldova; and (ii) any other country designated by the President as a country of significant concern for purposes of this subsection, such as Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and the Central Asia republics. (B) Notice to Congress The President shall notify the appropriate congressional committees in writing not later than 15 days before— (i) designating a country as a country of significant concern under subparagraph (A)(ii); or (ii) terminating a designation under that subparagraph, including the termination of any such designation pursuant to subsection (i).
“broadcasting” applies in that section
the term “broadcasting” means the distribution of media content via radio broadcasting, television broadcasting, and Internet-based platforms, among other platforms. (e) Authorization of appropriations (1) In general There are authorized to be appropriated to the Broadcasting Board of Governors $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2016 through 2018 to carry out activities under this section. (2) Supplement not supplant Amounts authorized to be appropriated pursuant to paragraph (1) shall supplement and not supplant other amounts made available for activities described in this section.
“applicant” applies throughout its chapter
the term “applicant” means any person who, pursuant to the Convention, files an application with the United States Central Authority or a Central Authority of any other party to the Convention for the return of a child alleged to have been wrongfully removed or retained or for arrangements for organizing or securing the effective exercise of rights of access pursuant to the Convention;
“Convention” applies throughout its chapter
the term “Convention” means the Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, done at The Hague on October 25, 1980 ;
“Parent Locator Service” applies throughout its chapter
the term “Parent Locator Service” means the service established by the Secretary of Health and Human Services under section 653 of title 42 ;
“person” applies throughout its chapter
the term “person” includes any individual, institution, or other legal entity or body;
“petitioner” applies throughout its chapter
the term “petitioner” means any person who, in accordance with this chapter, files a petition in court seeking relief under the Convention;
“respondent” applies throughout its chapter
the term “respondent” means any person against whose interests a petition is filed in court, in accordance with this chapter, which seeks relief under the Convention;
“rights of access” applies throughout its chapter
the term “rights of access” means visitation rights;
“State” applies throughout its chapter
the term “State” means any of the several States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States; and;
“United States Central Authority” applies throughout its chapter
the term “United States Central Authority” means the agency of the Federal Government designated by the President under section 9006(a) of this title .
“abducted child” applies throughout its chapter
The term “abducted child” means a child who is the victim of international child abduction. (2) Abduction
“abduction” applies throughout its chapter
The term “abduction” means the alleged wrongful removal of a child from the child’s country of habitual residence, or the wrongful retention of a child outside such country, in violation of a left-behind parent’s custodial rights, including the rights of a military parent.
“access case” applies throughout its chapter
The term “access case” means a case involving an application filed with the Central Authority of the United States by a parent seeking rights of access. (5) Annual Report
“Annual Report” applies throughout its chapter
The term “Annual Report” means the Annual Report on International Child Abduction required under section 9111 of this title . (6) Application
“application” applies throughout its chapter
The term “application” means— (A) in the case of a Convention country, the application required pursuant to article 8 of the Hague Abduction Convention; (B) in the case of a bilateral procedures country, the formal document required, pursuant to the provisions of the applicable arrangement, to request the return of an abducted child or to request rights of access, as applicable; and (C) in the case of a non-Convention country, the formal request by the Central Authority of the United States to the Central Authority of such country requesting the return of an abducted child or for rights of contact with an abducted child. (7) Appropriate congressional committees
“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its chapter
The term “appropriate congressional committees” means the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives. (8) Bilateral procedures
“bilateral procedures” applies throughout its chapter
The term “bilateral procedures” means any procedures established by, or pursuant to, a bilateral arrangement, including a Memorandum of Understanding between the United States and another country, to resolve abduction and access cases, including procedures to address interim contact matters. (9) Bilateral procedures country
“bilateral procedures country” applies throughout its chapter
The term “bilateral procedures country” means a country with which the United States has entered into bilateral procedures, including Memoranda of Understanding, with respect to child abductions. (10) Central Authority
“Central Authority” applies throughout its chapter
The term “Central Authority” means— (A) in the case of a Convention country, the meaning given such term in article 6 of the Hague Abduction Convention; (B) in the case of a bilateral procedures country, the official entity designated by the government of the bilateral procedures country within the applicable memorandum of understanding pursuant to section 9113(b)(1) of this title to discharge the duties imposed on the entity; and (C) in the case of a non-Convention country, the foreign ministry or other appropriate authority of such country. (11) Child
“child” applies throughout its chapter
The term “child” means an individual who has not attained 18 years of age. (12) Convention country
“Convention country” applies throughout its chapter
The term “Convention country” means a country for which the Hague Abduction Convention has entered into force with respect to the United States. (13) Hague Abduction Convention
“Hague Abduction Convention” applies throughout its chapter
The term “Hague Abduction Convention” means the Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, done at The Hague October 25, 1980 . (14) Interim contact
“interim contact” applies throughout its chapter
The term “interim contact” means the ability of a left-behind parent to communicate with or visit an abducted child during the pendency of an abduction case. (15) Left-behind parent
“left-behind parent” applies throughout its chapter
The term “left-behind parent” means an individual or legal custodian who alleges that an abduction has occurred that is in breach of rights of custody attributed to such individual. (16) Non-Convention country
“non-Convention country” applies throughout its chapter
The term “non-Convention country” means a country in which the Hague Abduction Convention has not entered into force with respect to the United States. (17) Overseas military dependent child
“overseas military dependent child” applies throughout its chapter
The term “overseas military dependent child” means a child whose habitual residence is the United States according to United States law even though the child is residing outside the United States with a military parent. (18) Overseas military parent
“overseas military parent” applies throughout its chapter
The term “overseas military parent” means an individual who— (A) has custodial rights with respect to a child; and (B) is serving outside the United States as a member of the United States Armed Forces. (19) Pattern of noncompliance (A) In general
“pattern of noncompliance” applies throughout its chapter
The term “pattern of noncompliance” means the persistent failure— (i) of a Convention country to implement and abide by provisions of the Hague Abduction Convention; (ii) of a non-Convention country to abide by bilateral procedures that have been established between the United States and such country; or (iii) of a non-Convention country to work with the Central Authority of the United States to resolve abduction cases. (B) Persistent failure Persistent failure under subparagraph (A) may be evidenced in a given country by the presence of 1 or more of the following criteria: (i) Thirty percent or more of the total abduction cases in such country are unresolved abduction cases.
“rights of access” applies throughout its chapter
The term “rights of access” means the establishment of rights of contact between a child and a parent seeking access in Convention countries— (A) by operation of law; (B) through a judicial or administrative determination; or (C) through a legally enforceable arrangement between the parties. (21) Rights of custody
“rights of custody” applies throughout its chapter
The term “rights of custody” means rights of care and custody of a child, including the right to determine the place of residence of a child, under the laws of the country in which the child is a habitual resident— (A) attributed to an individual or legal custodian; and (B) arising— (i) by operation of law; or (ii) through a judicial or administrative decision; or (iii) through a legally enforceable arrangement between the parties. (22) Rights of interim contact
“rights of interim contact” applies throughout its chapter
The term “rights of interim contact” means the rights of contact between a child and a left-behind parent, which has been provided as a provisional measure while an abduction case is pending, under the laws of the country in which the child is located— (A) by operation of law; or (B) through a judicial or administrative determination; or (C) through a legally enforceable arrangement between the parties. (23) Unresolved abduction case (A) In general Subject to subparagraph (B),
“unresolved abduction case” applies throughout its chapter
the term “unresolved abduction case” means an abduction case that remains unresolved for a period that exceeds 12 months after the date on which the completed application for return of the child is submitted for determination to the judicial or administrative authority, as applicable, in the country in which the child is located.
“applicable Executive order” applies throughout its chapter
The term “applicable Executive order” means— (A) Executive Order 13382 ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 note; relating to blocking property of weapons of mass destruction proliferators and their supporters), Executive Order 13466 ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 note; relating to continuing certain restrictions with respect to North Korea and North Korean nationals), Executive Order 13551 ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 note; relating to blocking property of certain persons with respect to North Korea), Executive Order 13570 ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 note; relating to prohibiting certain transactions with respect to North Korea), Executive Order 13619 ( 50 U.S.C.
“applicable United Nations Security Council resolution” applies throughout its chapter
The term “applicable United Nations Security Council resolution” means— (A) United Nations Security Council Resolution 1695 (2006), 1718 (2006), 1874 (2009), 2087 (2013), 2094 (2013), 2270 (2016), or 2321 (2016); and (B) any United Nations Security Council resolution adopted on or after February 18, 2016 , that— (i) authorizes the imposition of sanctions on persons for conduct with respect to North Korea; (ii) prohibits transactions or activities involving the Government of North Korea; or (iii) otherwise imposes sanctions with respect to North Korea. (3) Appropriate congressional committees
“appropriate congressional committees” applies throughout its chapter
The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; and (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Financial Services, and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives. (4) Designated person
“designated person” applies throughout its chapter
The term “designated person” means a person designated under subsection (a), (b), or (g) of section 9214 of this title for purposes of applying 1 or more of the sanctions described in subchapter I or II with respect to the person. (5) Foreign person
“foreign person” applies throughout its chapter
The term “foreign person” means— (A) an individual who is not a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States; or (B) an entity that is not a United States person. (6) Government of North Korea
“Government of North Korea” applies throughout its chapter
The term “Government of North Korea” means the Government of North Korea and its agencies, instrumentalities, and controlled entities. (7) Humanitarian assistance
“humanitarian assistance” applies throughout its chapter
The term “humanitarian assistance” means assistance to meet humanitarian needs, including needs for food, medicine, medical supplies, clothing, and shelter. (8) Intelligence community
“intelligence community” applies throughout its chapter
The term “intelligence community” has the meaning given such term in section 3003(4) of title 50 . (9) Luxury goods
“luxury goods” applies throughout its chapter
The term “luxury goods”— (A) has the meaning given such term in section 746.4(b)(1) of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations; (B) includes the items listed in Supplement No. 1 to part 746 of such title, and any similar items; and (C) also includes any items so designated under an applicable United Nations Security Council resolution. (10) Monetary instruments