r/title-51-NATIONAL-AND-COMMERCIAL-SPACE-PROGRAMS wiki — defined terms
The statute’s own glossary: every term Title 51 defines, in section order.
“Administration” applies throughout this title
The term “Administration” means the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (2) Administrator .—
“Administrator” applies throughout this title
The term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
“aeronautical and space activities” applies throughout its chapter
The term “aeronautical and space activities” means— (A) research into, and the solution of, problems of flight within and outside the Earth’s atmosphere; (B) the development, construction, testing, and operation for research purposes of aeronautical and space vehicles; (C) the operation of a space transportation system including the space shuttle, upper stages, space platforms, and related equipment; and (D) such other activities as may be required for the exploration of space. (2) Aeronautical and space vehicles .—
“aeronautical and space vehicles” applies throughout its chapter
The term “aeronautical and space vehicles” means aircraft, missiles, satellites, and other space vehicles, manned and unmanned, together with related equipment, devices, components, and parts.
“contract” applies in that section
The term “contract” means any actual or proposed contract, agreement, understanding, or other arrangement, and includes any assignment, substitution of parties, or subcontract executed or entered into thereunder. (2) Made .— The term “made”, when used in relation to any invention, means the conception or first actual reduction to practice of such invention. (3) Person .—
“person” applies in that section
The term “person” means any individual, partnership, corporation, association, institution, or other entity. (b) Exclusive Property of United States.— (1) In general .— An invention shall be the exclusive property of the United States if it is made in the performance of any work under any contract of the Administration, and the Administrator determines that— (A) the person who made the invention was employed or assigned to perform research, development, or exploration work and the invention is related to the work the person was employed or assigned to perform, or was within the scope of the person’s employment duties, whether or not it was made during working hours, or with a contribution …
“space vehicle” applies in that section
The term “space vehicle” means an object intended for launch, launched, or assembled in outer space, including the space shuttle and other components of a space transportation system, together with related equipment, devices, components, and parts. (2) Third party .—
“third party” applies in that section
The term “third party” means any person who may institute a claim against a user for death, bodily injury, or loss of or damage to property. (3) User .—
“user” applies in that section
The term “user” includes anyone who enters into an agreement with the Administration for use of all or a portion of a space vehicle, who owns or provides property to be flown on a space vehicle, or who employs a person to be flown on a space vehicle. (b) Authorization .— The Administration is authorized on such terms and to the extent it may deem appropriate to provide liability insurance for any user of a space vehicle to compensate all or a portion of claims by third parties for death, bodily injury, or loss of or damage to property resulting from activities carried on in connection with the launch, operations, or recovery of the space vehicle.
“cooperating party” applies in that section
The term “cooperating party” means any person who enters into an agreement with the Administration for the performance of cooperative scientific, aeronautical, or space activities to carry out the purposes of this chapter. (2) Developer .—
“developer” applies in that section
The term “developer” means a United States person (other than a natural person) who— (A) is a party to an agreement with the Administration for the purpose of developing new technology for an experimental aerospace vehicle; (B) owns or provides property to be flown or situated on that vehicle; or (C) employs a natural person to be flown on that vehicle. (3) Experimental aerospace vehicle .—
“experimental aerospace vehicle” applies in that section
The term “experimental aerospace vehicle” means an object intended to be flown in, or launched into, orbital or suborbital flight for the purpose of demonstrating technologies necessary for a reusable launch vehicle, developed under an agreement between the Administration and a developer. (4) Related entity .—
“related entity” applies in that section
The term “related entity” includes a contractor or subcontractor at any tier, a supplier, a grantee, and an investigator or detailee. (b) In General .— The Administrator may provide liability insurance for, or indemnification to, the developer of an experimental aerospace vehicle developed or used in execution of an agreement between the Administration and the developer.
“provisions known as the Anti-Deficiency Act” applies in that section
the term “provisions known as the Anti-Deficiency Act” means sections 1341, 1342, 1349(a), 1350, 1351, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, and 1519 of title 31. (B) In general .— Notwithstanding any other provision of law, funds appropriated for prize awards under this section shall remain available until expended, and may be transferred, reprogrammed, or expended for other purposes only after the expiration of 10 fiscal years after the fiscal year for which the funds were originally appropriated. No provision in this section permits obligation or payment of funds in violation of the provisions known as the Anti-Deficiency Act.
“related entity” applies in that section
the term “related entity” means a contractor or subcontractor at any tier, and a supplier, user, customer, cooperating party, grantee, investigator, or detailee. (2) Liability insurance .— Participants must obtain liability insurance or demonstrate financial responsibility, in amounts determined by the Administrator, for claims by— (A) a third party for death, bodily injury, or property damage, or loss resulting from an activity carried out in connection with participation in a competition, with the Federal Government named as an additional insured under the registered participant’s insurance policy and registered participants agreeing to indemnify the Federal Government against third party …
“State” applies in that section
the term “State” means any of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and any other commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States. (b) Relinquishing Legislative Jurisdiction .— Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator may relinquish to a State all or part of the legislative jurisdiction of the United States over lands or interests under the control of the Administrator in that State.
“Administration human space flight vehicle” applies in that section
The term “Administration human space flight vehicle” means a space vehicle, as defined in section 20138(a) of this title , that— (A) is intended to transport one or more persons; (B) is designed to operate in outer space; and (C) is either— (i) owned by the Administration; or (ii) owned by an Administration contractor or cooperating party and operated as part of an Administration mission or a joint mission with the Administration. (2) Crewmember .—
“crewmember” applies in that section
The term “crewmember” means an astronaut or other person assigned to an Administration human space flight vehicle. (b) Control of Remains.— (1) In general .— Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), when there is an accident or mishap resulting in the death of a crewmember of an Administration human space flight vehicle, the Administrator may take control over the remains of the crewmember and order autopsies and other scientific or medical tests. (2) Treatment .— Each crewmember shall provide the Administrator with the crewmember’s preferences regarding the treatment accorded to the crewmember’s remains and the Administrator shall, to the extent possible, respect those stated preferences.
“government astronaut” applies in that section
The term “government astronaut” has the meaning given the term in section 50902. (2) Launch services .—
“launch services” applies in that section
The term “launch services” has the meaning given the term in section 50902. (3) Provider .—
“provider” applies in that section
The term “provider” means a person that provides domestic launch services or domestic reentry services to the Government. (4) Reentry services .—
“reentry services” applies in that section
The term “reentry services” has the meaning given the term in section 50902. (5) Related entity .—
“related entity” applies in that section
The term “related entity” means a contractor or subcontractor. (6) Third party .—
“third party” applies in that section
The term “third party” means a person except— (A) the United States Government; (B) related entities of the Government involved in launch services or reentry services; (C) a provider; (D) related entities of the provider involved in launch services or reentry services; or (E) a government astronaut.
“United States government astronaut” applies in that section
the term “United States government astronaut” has the meaning given the term “government astronaut” in section 50902, except it does not include an individual who is an international partner astronaut. (g) Data Use and Disclosure .— The Administrator may use or disclose data acquired in the course of medical monitoring, diagnosis, or treatment of a former United States government astronaut or a former payload specialist under subsection (a), in accordance with subsection (d).
“upper atmosphere” applies throughout its subchapter
the term “upper atmosphere” means that portion of the Earth’s sensible atmosphere above the troposphere.
“Orion” applies in that section
The term “Orion” means the multipurpose crew vehicle described under section 303 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 ( 42 U.S.C. 18323 ). (2) Space launch system .—
“Space Launch System” applies in that section
The term “Space Launch System” means has the meaning 1 given the term in section 3 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 ( 42 U.S.C. 18302 ).
“basic research” applies in that section
the term “basic research” has the meaning given the term in Office of Management and Budget Circular No. A–11. (b) Coordination .— The Administrator, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary of Commerce shall, to the extent practicable, coordinate basic research activities related to physical sciences, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
“development” applies in that section
The term “development” means the phase of a program following the formulation phase and beginning with the approval to proceed to implementation, as defined in the Administration’s Procedural Requirements 7120.5E, dated August 14, 2012 . (2) Development cost .—
“development cost” applies in that section
The term “development cost” means the total of all costs, including construction of facilities and civil servant costs, from the period beginning with the approval to proceed to implementation through the achievement of operational readiness, without regard to funding source or management control, for the life of the program. (3) Life-cycle cost .—
“life-cycle cost” applies in that section
The term “life-cycle cost” means the total of the direct, indirect, recurring, and nonrecurring costs, including the construction of facilities and civil servant costs, and other related expenses incurred or estimated to be incurred in the design, development, verification, production, operation, maintenance, support, and retirement of a program over its planned lifespan, without regard to funding source or management control. (4) Major program .—
“major program” applies in that section
The term “major program” means an activity approved to proceed to implementation that has an estimated life-cycle cost of more than $250,000,000. (b) Conditions for Development.— (1) In general .— The Administration shall not enter into a contract for the development of a major program unless the Administrator determines that— (A) the technical, cost, and schedule risks of the program are clearly identified and the program has developed a plan to manage those risks; (B) the technologies required for the program have been demonstrated in a relevant laboratory or test environment; and (C) the program complies with all relevant policies, regulations, and directives of the Administration.
“implementation” applies in that section
the term “implementation” means all activity in the life cycle of a project after preliminary design, independent assessment of the preliminary design, and approval to proceed into implementation, including critical design, development, certification, launch, operations, disposal of assets, and, for technology programs, development, testing, analysis, and communication of the results. (b) Requirement .— Before any funds may be obligated for implementation of a project that is projected to cost more than $250,000,000 in total project costs, the Administrator shall conduct and consider an independent life-cycle cost analysis of the project and shall report the results to Congress.
“commercial provider” applies in that section
The term “commercial provider” means any person providing space transportation services or other space-related activities, the primary control of which is held by persons other than a Federal, State, local, or foreign government. (2) State .—
“State” applies in that section
The term “State” means each of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and any other commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States. (b) In General .— Except as otherwise required by law, in calculating the cost effectiveness of the cost of the Administration engaging in an activity as compared to a commercial provider, the Administrator shall compare the cost of the Administration engaging in the activity using full cost accounting principles with the price the commercial provider will charge for such activity.
“depressed communities” applies in that section
the term “depressed communities” means rural and urban communities that are relatively depressed, in terms of age of housing, extent of poverty, growth of per capita income, extent of unemployment, job lag, or surplus labor. (b) In General .— In any case in which the Administrator considers the purchase, lease, or expansion of a facility to meet requirements of the Administration, the Administrator shall consider whether those requirements could be met by the use of one of the following: (1) Abandoned or underutilized buildings, grounds, and facilities in depressed communities that can be converted to Administration usage at a reasonable cost, as determined by the Administrator.
“United States commercial provider” applies in that section
the term “United States commercial provider” means a commercial provider (as defined in section 30308(a) of this title ), organized under the laws of the United States or of a State (as defined in section 30308(a) of this title ), which is— (A) more than 50 percent owned by United States nationals; or (B) a subsidiary of a foreign company and the Secretary of Commerce finds that— (i) such subsidiary has in the past evidenced a substantial commitment to the United States market through— (I) investments in the United States in long-term research, development, and manufacturing (including the manufacture of major components and subassemblies); and (II) significant contributions to employment …
“amateur astronomer” applies in that section
The term “amateur astronomer” means an individual whose employer does not provide any funding, payment, or compensation to the individual for the observation of asteroids and other celestial bodies, and does not include any individual employed as a professional astronomer. (2) Minor planet center .—
“Minor Planet Center” applies in that section
The term “Minor Planet Center” means the Minor Planet Center of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. (3) Near-earth asteroid .—
“near-Earth asteroid” applies in that section
The term “near-Earth asteroid” means an asteroid with a perihelion distance of less than 1.3 Astronomical Units from the Sun. (4) Program .—
“Program” applies in that section
The term “Program” means the Charles “Pete” Conrad Astronomy Awards Program established under subsection (c). (c) Charles “Pete” Conrad Astronomy Awards Program.— (1) In general .— The Administrator shall establish the Charles “Pete” Conrad Astronomy Awards Program. (2) Awards .— The Administrator shall make awards under the Program based on the recommendations of the Minor Planet Center.
“controlled substance” applies in that section
the term “controlled substance” means any substance under section 102(6) of the Controlled Substances Act ( 21 U.S.C. 802(6) ) specified by the Administrator. (b) Testing Program.— (1) Employees of administration .— The Administrator shall establish a program applicable to employees of the Administration whose duties include responsibility for safety-sensitive, security, or national security functions. Such program shall provide for preemployment, reasonable suspicion, random, and post-accident testing for use, in violation of applicable law or Federal regulation, of alcohol or a controlled substance.
“institution of higher education” applies throughout its chapter
the term “institution of higher education” has the meaning given the term by section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1001 ).
“aeronautical and space activities” applies throughout its chapter
The term “aeronautical and space activities” has the meaning given the term in section 20103 of this title . (2) Field related to space .—
“field related to space” applies throughout its chapter
The term “field related to space” means any academic discipline or field of study (including the physical, natural, and biological sciences, and engineering, space technology, education, economics, sociology, communications, planning, law, international affairs, and public administration) which is concerned with or likely to improve the understanding, assessment, development, and utilization of space. (3) Panel .—
“panel” applies throughout its chapter
The term “panel” means the space grant review panel established pursuant to section 40308 of this title . (4) Person .—
“person” applies throughout its chapter
The term “person” means any individual, any public or private corporation, partnership, or other association or entity (including any space grant college, space grant regional consortium, institution of higher education, institute, or laboratory), or any State, political subdivision of a State, or agency or officer of a State or political subdivision of a State. (5) Space environment .—
“space environment” applies throughout its chapter
The term “space environment” means the environment beyond the sensible atmosphere of the Earth. (6) Space grant college .—
“space grant college” applies throughout its chapter
The term “space grant college” means any public or private institution of higher education which is designated as such by the Administrator pursuant to section 40306 of this title . (7) Space grant program .—
“space grant program” applies throughout its chapter
The term “space grant program” means any program that— (A) is administered by any space grant college, space grant regional consortium, institution of higher education, institute, laboratory, or State or local agency; and (B) includes 2 or more projects involving education and one or more of the following activities in the fields related to space: (i) Research. (ii) Training. (iii) Advisory services. (8) Space grant regional consortium .—
“space grant regional consortium” applies throughout its chapter
The term “space grant regional consortium” means any association or other alliance that is designated as a space grant regional consortium by the Administrator pursuant to section 40306 of this title . (9) Space resource .—
“space resource” applies throughout its chapter
The term “space resource” means any tangible or intangible benefit which can be realized only from— (A) aeronautical and space activities; or (B) advancements in any field related to space. (10) State .—
“State” applies throughout its chapter
The term “State” means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or any other territory or possession of the United States.
“eligible State” applies in that section
the term “eligible State” means a State designated by the Administrator as eligible to compete in the National Science Foundation’s Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research. (b) Competition .— Making use of the existing infrastructure established in eligible States by the National Science Foundation, the Administrator shall conduct a merit grant competition among the eligible States in areas of research important to the mission of the Administration.
“commercial provider” applies throughout its chapter
The term “commercial provider” means any person providing space transportation services or other space-related activities, primary control of which is held by persons other than Federal, State, local, and foreign governments. (2) Payload .—
“payload” applies throughout its chapter
The term “payload” means anything that a person undertakes to transport to, from, or within outer space, or in suborbital trajectory, by means of a space transportation vehicle, but does not include the space transportation vehicle itself except for its components which are specifically designed or adapted for that payload. (3) Space-related activities .—
“space transportation services” applies throughout its chapter
The term “space transportation services” means the preparation of a space transportation vehicle and its payloads for transportation to, from, or within outer space, or in suborbital trajectory, and the conduct of transporting a payload to, from, or within outer space, or in suborbital trajectory. (5) Space transportation vehicle .—
“space transportation vehicle” applies throughout its chapter
The term “space transportation vehicle” means any vehicle constructed for the purpose of operating in, or transporting a payload to, from, or within, outer space, or in suborbital trajectory, and includes any component of such vehicle not specifically designed or adapted for a payload. (6) State .—
“space-related activities” applies throughout its chapter
The term “space-related activities” includes research and development, manufacturing, processing, service, and other associated and support activities. (4) Space transportation services .—
“State” applies throughout its chapter
The term “State” means each of the several States of the Union, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and any other commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States. (7) United states commercial provider .—
“United States commercial provider” applies throughout its chapter
The term “United States commercial provider” means a commercial provider, organized under the laws of the United States or of a State, that is— (A) more than 50 percent owned by United States nationals; or (B) a subsidiary of a foreign company and the Secretary of Transportation finds that— (i) such subsidiary has in the past evidenced a substantial commitment to the United States market through— (I) investments in the United States in long-term research, development, and manufacturing (including the manufacture of major components and subassemblies); and (II) significant contributions to employment in the United States; and (ii) the country or countries in which such foreign company is …
“space science data” applies in that section
the term “space science data” includes scientific data concerning— (1) the elemental and mineralogical resources of the moon, asteroids, planets and their moons, and comets; (2) microgravity acceleration; and (3) solar storm monitoring. (b) Acquisition From Commercial Providers .— The Administrator shall, to the extent possible and while satisfying the scientific or educational requirements of the Administration, and where appropriate, of other Federal agencies and scientific researchers, acquire, where cost effective, space science data from a commercial provider.
“commercial provider” applies throughout its chapter
The term “commercial provider” means any person or entity providing commercial reusable in-orbit space transportation services or systems, primary control of which is held by persons other than the Federal Government, a State or local government, or a foreign government. (2) In-space transportation services .—
“in-space transportation services” applies throughout its chapter
The term “in-space transportation services” means operations and activities involved in the direct transportation or attempted transportation of a payload or object from one orbit to another by means of an in-space transportation vehicle. (3) In-space transportation system .—
“in-space transportation system” applies throughout its chapter
The term “in-space transportation system” means the space and ground elements, including in-space transportation vehicles and support space systems, and ground administration and control facilities and associated equipment, necessary for the provision of in-space transportation services. (4) In-space transportation vehicle .—
“in-space transportation vehicle” applies throughout its chapter
The term “in-space transportation vehicle” means a vehicle designed— (A) to be based and operated in space; (B) to transport various payloads or objects from one orbit to another orbit; and (C) to be reusable and refueled in space. (5) Secretary .—
“Secretary” applies throughout its chapter
The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Defense. (6) United states commercial provider .—
“United States commercial provider” applies throughout its chapter
The term “United States commercial provider” means any commercial provider organized under the laws of the United States that is more than 50 percent owned by United States nationals.
“agency” applies throughout its chapter
The term “agency” means an executive agency as defined in section 105 of title 5 . (2) Anchor tenancy .—
“anchor tenancy” applies throughout its chapter
The term “anchor tenancy” means an arrangement in which the United States Government agrees to procure sufficient quantities of a commercial space product or service needed to meet Government mission requirements so that a commercial venture is made viable. (3) Commercial .—
“commercial” applies throughout its chapter
The term “commercial” means having— (A) private capital at risk; and (B) primary financial and management responsibility for the activity reside with the private sector. (4) Cost effective .—
“cost effective” applies throughout its chapter
The term “cost effective” means costing no more than the available alternatives, determined by a comparison of all related direct and indirect costs including, in the case of Government costs, applicable Government labor and overhead costs as well as contractor charges, and taking into account the ability of each alternative to accommodate mission requirements as well as the related factors of risk, reliability, schedule, and technical performance. (5) Launch .—
“launch” applies throughout its chapter
The term “launch” means to place, or attempt to place, a launch vehicle and its payload, if any, in a suborbital trajectory, in Earth orbit in outer space, or otherwise in outer space. (6) Launch services .—
“launch services” applies throughout its chapter
The term “launch services” means activities involved in the preparation of a launch vehicle and its payload for launch and the conduct of a launch. (7) Launch support facilities .—
“launch support facilities” applies throughout its chapter
The term “launch support facilities” means facilities located at launch sites or launch ranges that are required to support launch activities, including launch vehicle assembly, launch vehicle operations and control, communications, flight safety functions, and payload operations, control, and processing. (8) Launch vehicle .—
“launch vehicle” applies throughout its chapter
The term “launch vehicle” means any vehicle constructed for the purpose of operating in or placing a payload in outer space or in suborbital trajectories, and includes components of that vehicle. (9) Payload .—
“payload” applies throughout its chapter
The term “payload” means an object which a person undertakes to launch, and includes subcomponents of the launch vehicle specifically designed or adapted for that object. (10) Payload integration services .—
“payload integration services” applies throughout its chapter
The term “payload integration services” means activities involved in integrating multiple payloads into a single payload for launch or integrating a payload with a launch vehicle. (11) Space recovery support facilities .—
“space recovery support facilities” applies throughout its chapter
The term “space recovery support facilities” means facilities required to support activities related to the recovery of payloads returned from space to a space recovery site, including operations and control, communications, flight safety functions, and payload processing. (12) Space transportation infrastructure .—
“space transportation infrastructure” applies throughout its chapter
The term “space transportation infrastructure” means facilities, associated equipment, and real property (including launch sites, launch support facilities, space recovery sites, and space recovery support facilities) required to perform launch or space recovery activities. (13) State .—
“State” applies throughout its chapter
The term “State” means the several States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and any other commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States. (14) United states .—
“United States” applies throughout its chapter
The term “United States” means the States, collectively.
“direct costs” applies in that section
the term “direct costs” means the actual costs that can be unambiguously associated with such use, and would not be borne by the United States Government in the absence of such use. (2) Credit to appropriation .— The amount of any payment received by the United States for use of facilities under this subsection shall be credited to the appropriation from which the cost of providing such facilities was paid.
“Office” applies throughout its chapter
the term “Office” means the Office of Space Commerce established in section 50702 of this title .
“applicable parties” applies in that section
the term “applicable parties” means— (i) contractors, subcontractors, and customers of the licensee or transferee; (ii) contractors and subcontractors of the customers; and (iii) space flight participants. (C) Clause (iii) of subparagraph (B) ceases to be effective September 30, 2028 .
“asteroid resource” applies throughout its chapter
The term “asteroid resource” means a space resource found on or within a single asteroid. (2) Space resource.— (A) In general .—
“space resource” applies throughout its chapter
The term “space resource” means an abiotic resource in situ in outer space. (B) Inclusions .—
“United States citizen” applies throughout its chapter
The term “United States citizen” has the meaning given the term “citizen of the United States” in section 50902.
“spaceport” applies in that section
the term “spaceport” means a launch or reentry site that is operated by an entity licensed by the Secretary of Transportation.
“cost of fulfilling user requests” applies throughout its chapter
The term “cost of fulfilling user requests” means the incremental costs associated with providing product generation, reproduction, and distribution of unenhanced data in response to user requests and shall not include any acquisition, amortization, or depreciation of capital assets originally paid for by the United States Government or other costs not specifically attributable to fulfilling user requests. (2) Data continuity .—
“data continuity” applies throughout its chapter
The term “data continuity” means the continued acquisition and availability of unenhanced data which are, from the point of view of the user— (A) sufficiently consistent (in terms of acquisition geometry, coverage characteristics, and spectral characteristics) with previous Landsat data to allow comparisons for global and regional change detection and characterization; and (B) compatible with such data and with methods used to receive and process such data. (3) Data preprocessing .—
“data preprocessing” applies throughout its chapter
The term “data preprocessing”— (A) may include— (i) rectification of system and sensor distortions in land remote sensing data as it is received directly from the satellite in preparation for delivery to a user; (ii) registration of such data with respect to features of the Earth; and (iii) calibration of spectral response with respect to such data; but (B) does not include conclusions, manipulations, or calculations derived from such data, or a combination of such data with other data. (4) Land remote sensing .—
“land remote sensing” applies throughout its chapter
The term “land remote sensing” means the collection of data which can be processed into imagery of surface features of the Earth from an unclassified satellite or satellites, other than an operational United States Government weather satellite. (5) Landsat program management .—
“Landsat 6 contractor” applies throughout its chapter
The term “Landsat 6 contractor” means the private sector entity which was awarded the contract for spacecraft construction, operations, and data marketing rights for the Landsat 6 spacecraft. (8) Landsat 7 .—
“Landsat 7” applies throughout its chapter
The term “Landsat 7” means the follow-on satellite to Landsat 6. (9) National satellite land remote sensing data archive .—
“Landsat Program Management” applies throughout its chapter
The term “Landsat Program Management” means the integrated program management structure— (A) established by, and responsible to, the Administrator and the Secretary of Defense pursuant to section 60111(a) of this title ; and (B) consisting of appropriate officers and employees of the Administration, the Department of Defense, and any other United States Government agencies the President designates as responsible for the Landsat program. (6) Landsat system .—
“Landsat system” applies throughout its chapter
The term “Landsat system” means Landsats 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and any follow-on land remote sensing system operated and owned by the United States Government, along with any related ground equipment, systems, and facilities owned by the United States Government. (7) Landsat 6 contractor .—
“National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive” applies throughout its chapter
The term “National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive” means the archive established by the Secretary of the Interior pursuant to the archival responsibilities defined in section 60142 of this title . (10) Noncommercial purposes .—
“noncommercial purposes” applies throughout its chapter
The term “noncommercial purposes” means activities undertaken by individuals or entities on the condition, upon receipt of unenhanced data, that— (A) such data shall not be used in connection with any bid for a commercial contract, development of a commercial product, or any other non-United States Government activity that is expected, or has the potential, to be profitmaking; (B) the results of such activities are disclosed in a timely and complete fashion in the open technical literature or other method of public release, except when such disclosure by the United States Government or its contractors would adversely affect the national security or foreign policy of the United States or …
“Secretary” applies throughout its chapter
The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Commerce. (12) Unenhanced data .—
“unenhanced data” applies throughout its chapter
The term “unenhanced data” means land remote sensing signals or imagery products that are unprocessed or subject only to data preprocessing. (13) United states government and its affiliated users .—
“United States Government and its affiliated users” applies throughout its chapter
The term “United States Government and its affiliated users” means— (A) United States Government agencies; (B) researchers involved with the United States Global Change Research Program and its international counterpart programs; and (C) other researchers and international entities that have signed with the United States Government a cooperative agreement involving the use of Landsat data for noncommercial purposes.
“geospatial information” applies throughout its chapter
The term “geospatial information” means knowledge of the nature and distribution of physical and cultural features on the landscape based on analysis of data from airborne or spaceborne platforms or other types and sources of data. (2) High resolution .—
“high resolution” applies throughout its chapter
The term “high resolution” means resolution better than five meters. (3) Institution of higher education .—
“institution of higher education” applies throughout its chapter
The term “institution of higher education” has the meaning given the term in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1001(a) ).
“launch vehicle” applies in that section
The term “launch vehicle” means any vehicle constructed for the purpose of operating in, or placing a payload in, outer space. (2) Payload .—
“payload” applies in that section
The term “payload” means an object which a person undertakes to place in outer space by means of a launch vehicle, and includes subcomponents of the launch vehicle specifically designed or adapted for that object. (b) In General .— Commercial payloads may not be accepted for launch as primary payloads on the space launch system unless the Administrator determines that— (1) the payload requires the unique capabilities of the space launch system; or (2) launching of the payload on the space launch system is important for either national security or foreign policy purposes.
“Space Launch System” applies throughout its chapter
the term “Space Launch System” means the Space Launch System authorized under section 302 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 ( 42 U.S.C. 18322 ).
“Commission” applies throughout its chapter
The term “Commission” means a Commission established under this chapter. (2) Incident .—
“incident” applies throughout its chapter
The term “incident” means either an accident or a deliberate act.
“government astronaut” applies in that section
The term “government astronaut” has the meaning given the term in section 50902. (2) Space act agreement .—
“Space Act Agreement” applies in that section
The term “Space Act Agreement” means an agreement entered into by the Administration pursuant to its other transactions authority under section 20113(e).
“United States segment of the International Space Station” applies in that section
the term “United States segment of the International Space Station” means those elements of the International Space Station manufactured— (1) by the United States; or (2) for the United States by other nations in exchange for funds or launch services. (b) Designation .— To further the policy described in section 70501(a) of this title , the United States segment of the International Space Station is hereby designated a national laboratory.