r/title-42-THE-PUBLIC-HEALTH-AND-WELFARE wiki — defined terms

“drug” applies in that section

The term “drug” means a controlled substance, as defined in schedules I through V of section 202 of the Controlled Substances Act [ 21 U.S.C. 812 ].

“illegal use of drugs” applies in that section

The term “illegal use of drugs” means the use of drugs, the possession or distribution of which is unlawful under the Controlled Substances Act [ 21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.]. Such term does not include the use of a drug taken under supervision by a licensed health care professional, or other uses authorized by the Controlled Substances Act or other provisions of Federal law. (2) Drugs

“Commissioner” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of the Administration on Children, Youth, and Families, as established under section 12311 of this title . (2) Council

“Council” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Council” means the Federal Council on Children, Youth, and Families, as established under section 12314(a) of this title . (3) Nonprofit The term “‘nonprofit”, as applied to any agency, institution, or organization, means an agency, institution, or organization that is, or is owned and operated by, one or more corporations or associations, no part of the net earnings of which may lawfully inure to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual. (4) Secretary

“Secretary” applies throughout its chapter

The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Health and Human Services. (5) State

“State” applies throughout its chapter

The term “State” includes the District of Columbia, the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. (6) Young individual

“young individual” applies throughout its chapter

The term “young individual” means any child or youth from birth to 21 years of age.

“community referral services” applies throughout its part

The term “community referral services” means services to assist families in obtaining community resources, including health care, mental health care, employability development and job training, and other social services. (2) Core services

“core services” applies throughout its part

The term “core services” means— (A) educational and support services provided to assist parents in acquiring parenting skills, learning about child development, and responding appropriately to the behavior of their children; and (B) the early developmental screening of children to assess any needs of such children and to identify specific types of support that may be provided; (C) outreach services; (D) community referral services; and (E) follow up services. (3) Follow up services

“follow up services” applies throughout its part

The term “follow up services” means services provided to ensure that necessary services are received by families and are effective in meeting their needs. (4) Independent State body

“independent State body” applies throughout its part

The term “independent State body” means the entity established under section 12336 of this title . (5) Lead agency

“lead agency” applies throughout its part

The term “lead agency” means an existing State agency, or other public or nonprofit private entity designated by the chief executive officer of the State as the agency responsible for the development and implementation of local family resource and support programs. Such agency shall have demonstrated ability to work with other State and community based agencies, to provide training and technical assistance, and shall also have a commitment to parental participation in the design and administration of family resource and support programs. (6) Other services

“other services” applies throughout its part

The term “other services” and “other support services” includes— (A) child care, early childhood development and intervention programs; (B) employability development services (including skill training); (C) educational services, such as scholastic tutoring, literacy training, and General Educational Degree (GED) services; (D) nutritional education; (E) life management skills training; (F) peer counseling and crisis intervention, family violence counseling and referrals for such services; (G) referral for substance abuse counseling and treatment referral; and (H) referral for primary health and mental health services. (7) Outreach services

“other support services” applies throughout its part

The term “other services” and “other support services” includes— (A) child care, early childhood development and intervention programs; (B) employability development services (including skill training); (C) educational services, such as scholastic tutoring, literacy training, and General Educational Degree (GED) services; (D) nutritional education; (E) life management skills training; (F) peer counseling and crisis intervention, family violence counseling and referrals for such services; (G) referral for substance abuse counseling and treatment referral; and (H) referral for primary health and mental health services. (7) Outreach services

“outreach services” applies throughout its part

The term “outreach services” means services provided to ensure (through home visits or other methods) that parents are aware of and able to participate in family resource and support program activities.

“family resource and support programs” applies throughout its part

the term “family resource and support programs” means community-based services that offer sustained assistance to families at various stages in their development. Such services shall promote parental competencies and behaviors that will lead to the healthy and positive personal development of parents and children through— (1) the provision of assistance to build family skills and assist parents in improving their capacities to be supportive and nurturing parents; (2) the provision of assistance to families to enable such families to use other formal and informal resources and opportunities for assistance that are available within the communities of such families; and (3) the creation of …

“child” applies throughout its subchapter

the terms “child”, “youth”, and “young individual” means 1 an individual who is less than 21 years of age.

“Conference” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “Conference” means the 1993 White House Conference on Children, Youth, and Families; and;

“young individual” applies throughout its subchapter

the terms “child”, “youth”, and “young individual” means 1 an individual who is less than 21 years of age.

“youth” applies throughout its subchapter

the terms “child”, “youth”, and “young individual” means 1 an individual who is less than 21 years of age.

“academic program” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “academic program”, means a program described in section 12523(a) of this title (other than a program referred to in paragraph (3)(B) of such section), 12561a, or 12561(b)(1), or subsection (a), (b), or (c) of section 12572 of this title , or in paragraph (1) or (2) of section 12612(b) of this title , section 12653b of this title , 12653c of this title, 198G, 1 12653h of this title, or 12653k of this title, or an activity that could be funded under section 12639a, 12653, 12653 o , 12653p, or 12657 of this title. (35) Project

“adult volunteer” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “adult volunteer” means an individual, such as an older adult, an individual with a disability, a parent, or an employee of a business or public or private nonprofit organization, who— (A) works without financial remuneration in an educational institution to assist students or out-of-school youth; and (B) is beyond the age of compulsory school attendance in the State in which the educational institution is located. (2) Alaska Native-serving institution

“Alaska Native-serving institution” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “Alaska Native-serving institution” has the meaning given the term in section 1059d(b) of title 20 . (3) Approved national service position

“approved national service position” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “approved national service position” means a national service position for which the Corporation has approved the provision of a national service educational award described in section 12603 of this title as one of the benefits to be provided for successful service in the position. (4) Approved silver scholar position

“approved silver scholar position” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “approved silver scholar position” means a position, in a program described in section 12653c(a) of this title , for which the Corporation has approved the provision of a silver scholarship educational award as one of the benefits to be provided for successful service in the position. (5) Approved summer of service position

“approved summer of service position” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “approved summer of service position” means a position, in a program described in section 12563(c)(8) of this title , for which the Corporation has approved the provision of a summer of service educational award as one of the benefits to be provided for successful service in the position. (6) Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-serving institution

“Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-serving institution” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-serving institution” has the meaning given the term in section 1059g(b) of title 20 . (7) Authorizing committees

“authorizing committees” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “authorizing committees” means the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate. (8) Carry out The term “carry out”, when used in connection with a national service program, means the planning, establishment, operation, expansion, or replication of the program. (9) Chief Executive Officer The term “Chief Executive Officer”, except when used to refer to the chief executive officer of a State, means the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation appointed under section 12651c of this title . (10) Community-based agency

“community-based agency” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “community-based agency” means a private nonprofit organization (including a church or other religious entity) that— (A) is representative of a community or a significant segment of a community; and (B) is engaged in meeting human, educational, environmental, or public safety community needs. (11) Community-based entity

“community-based entity” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “community-based entity” means a public or private nonprofit organization that— (A) has experience with meeting unmet human, educational, environmental, or public safety needs; and (B) meets other such criteria as the Chief Executive Officer may establish. (12) Corporation

“Corporation” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “Corporation” means the Corporation for National and Community Service established under section 12651 of this title . (13) Disadvantaged youth

“disadvantaged youth” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “disadvantaged youth” includes those youth who are economically disadvantaged and 1 or more of the following: (A) Who are out-of-school youth, including out-of-school youth who are unemployed. (B) Who are in or aging out of foster care. (C) Who have limited English proficiency. (D) Who are homeless or who have run away from home. (E) Who are at-risk to leave secondary school without a diploma. (F) Who are former juvenile offenders or at risk of delinquency. (G) Who are individuals with disabilities. (14) Economically disadvantaged

“economically disadvantaged” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “economically disadvantaged” means, with respect to an individual, an individual who is determined by the Chief Executive Officer to be low-income according to the latest available data from the Department of Commerce. (15) Elementary school

“elementary school” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “elementary school” has the same meaning given such term in section 7801 of title 20 . (16) Encore service program

“encore service program” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “encore service program” means a program, carried out by an eligible entity as described in subsection (a), (b), or (c) of section 12572 of this title , that— (A) involves a significant number of participants age 55 or older in the program; and (B) takes advantage of the skills and experience that such participants offer in the design and implementation of the program. (17) Hispanic-serving institution

“Hispanic-serving institution” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “Hispanic-serving institution” has the meaning given such term in section 1101a(a) of title 20 . (18) Historically black college or university

“historically black college or university” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “historically black college or university” means a part B institution, as defined in section 1061 of title 20 . (19) Indian

“Indian” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “Indian” means a person who is a member of an Indian tribe, or is a “Native”, as defined in section 1602(b) of title 43 . (20) Indian lands

“Indian lands” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “Indian lands” means any real property owned by an Indian tribe, any real property held in trust by the United States for an Indian or Indian tribe, and any real property held by an Indian or Indian tribe that is subject to restrictions on alienation imposed by the United States. (21) Indian tribe

“Indian tribe” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “Indian tribe” means— (A) an Indian tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community, including— (i) any Native village, as defined in section 1602(c) of title 43 , whether organized traditionally or pursuant to the Act of June 18, 1934 (commonly known as the “Indian Reorganization Act”; 48 Stat.

“individual with a disability” applies throughout its subchapter

the term “individual with a disability” has the meaning given the term in section 705(20)(B) of title 29 . (23) Institution of higher education

“institution of higher education” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “institution of higher education” has the same meaning given such term in sections 1001(a) and 1002(a)(1) of title 20. (24) Local educational agency

“local educational agency” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “local educational agency” has the same meaning given such term in section 7801 of title 20 . (25) Medically underserved population

“medically underserved population” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “medically underserved population” has the meaning given that term in section 254b(b)(3) of this title . (26) National service laws

“national service laws” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “national service laws” means this chapter and the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 ( 42 U.S.C. 4950 et seq.). (27) Native American-serving, nontribal institution

“Native American-serving, nontribal institution” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “Native American-serving, nontribal institution” has the meaning given the term in section 1059f(b) of title 20 . (28) Native Hawaiian-serving institution

“Native Hawaiian-serving institution” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “Native Hawaiian-serving institution” has the meaning given the term in section 1059d(b) of title 20 . (29) Out-of-school youth

“out-of-school youth” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “out-of-school youth” means an individual who— (A) has not attained the age of 27; (B) has not completed college or the equivalent thereof; and (C) is not enrolled in an elementary or secondary school or institution of higher education. (30) Participant (A) In general

“participant” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “participant” means— (i) for purposes of division C, an individual in an approved national service position; and (ii) for purposes of any other provision of this chapter, an individual enrolled in a program that receives assistance under this subchapter. (B) Rule A participant shall not be considered to be an employee of the organization receiving assistance under the national service laws through which the participant is engaging in service. (31) Partnership program

“partnership program” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “partnership program” means a program through which an adult volunteer, a public or private nonprofit organization, an institution of higher education, or a business assists a local educational agency. (32) Predominantly Black Institution

“Predominantly Black Institution” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “Predominantly Black Institution” has the meaning given the term in section 1059e of title 20 . (33) Principles of scientific research

“principles of scientific research” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “principles of scientific research” means principles of research that— (A) apply rigorous, systematic, and objective methodology to obtain reliable and valid knowledge relevant to the subject matter involved; (B) present findings and make claims that are appropriate to, and supported by, the methods that have been employed; and (C) include, appropriate to the research being conducted— (i) use of systematic, empirical methods that draw on observation or experiment; (ii) use of data analyses that are adequate to support the general findings; (iii) reliance on measurements or observational methods that provide reliable and generalizable findings; (iv) strong claims of causal …

“project” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “project” means an activity, carried out through a program that receives assistance under this subchapter, that results in a specific identifiable service or improvement that otherwise would not be done with existing funds, and that does not duplicate the routine services or functions of the employer to whom participants are assigned. (36) Qualified organization

“qualified organization” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “qualified organization” means a public or private nonprofit organization with experience working with school-age youth that meets such criteria as the Chief Executive Officer may establish. (37) School-age youth

“school-age youth” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “school-age youth” means— (A) individuals between the ages of 5 and 17, inclusive; and (B) children with disabilities, as defined in section 602(3) of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act ( 20 U.S.C. 1401(3) ), who receive services under part B of such Act [ 20 U.S.C. 1411 et seq.]. (38) Scientifically valid research

“scientifically valid research” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “scientifically valid research” includes applied research, basic research, and field-initiated research in which the rationale, design, and interpretation are soundly developed in accordance with principles of scientific research. (39) Secondary school

“secondary school” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “secondary school” has the same meaning given such term in section 7801 of title 20 . (40) Service-learning

“service sponsor” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “service sponsor” means an organization, or other entity, that has been selected to provide a placement for a participant. (43) State

“service-learning” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “service-learning” means a method— (A) under which students or participants learn and develop through active participation in thoughtfully organized service that— (i) is conducted in and meets the needs of a community; (ii) is coordinated with an elementary school, secondary school, institution of higher education, or community service program, and with the community; and (iii) helps foster civic responsibility; and (B) that— (i) is integrated into and enhances the academic curriculum of the students, or the educational components of the community service program in which the participants are enrolled; and (ii) provides structured time for the students or participants to reflect on …

“service-learning coordinator” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “service-learning coordinator” means an individual who provides services as described in subsection (a)(3) or (b) of section 12523 of this title . (42) Service sponsor

“State” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “State” means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. (44) State Commission

“State Commission” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “State Commission” means a State Commission on National and Community Service maintained by a State pursuant to section 12638 of this title . Except when used in section 12638 of this title , the term includes an alternative administrative entity for a State approved by the Corporation under such section to act in lieu of a State Commission. (45) State educational agency

“State educational agency” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “State educational agency” has the same meaning given such term in section 7801 of title 20 . (46) Student

“student” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “student” means an individual who is enrolled in an elementary or secondary school or institution of higher education on a full- or part-time basis. (47) Territory

“territory” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “territory” means the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. (48) Tribally controlled college or university

“tribally controlled college or university” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “tribally controlled college or university” has the meaning given such term in section 1801 of title 25 . (49) Veteran

“veteran” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “veteran” has the meaning given the term in section 101 of title 38 .

“authorizing committees” applies in that section

The terms “authorizing committees”, “Corporation”, and “national service laws” have the meanings given the terms in section 12511 of this title . (2) Program

“Corporation” applies in that section

The terms “authorizing committees”, “Corporation”, and “national service laws” have the meanings given the terms in section 12511 of this title . (2) Program

“national service laws” applies in that section

The terms “authorizing committees”, “Corporation”, and “national service laws” have the meanings given the terms in section 12511 of this title . (2) Program

“program” applies in that section

The term “program” means an entire program carried out by the Corporation under the national service laws, such as the entire AmeriCorps program carried out under subtitle C. 1

“State” applies throughout its part

The term “State” means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. (2) State educational agency

“State educational agency” applies throughout its part

The term “State educational agency” means— (A) a State educational agency (as defined in section 12511 of this title ) of a State; or (B) for a State in which a State educational agency described in subparagraph (A) has designated a statewide entity under section 12523(e) 1 of this title, that designated statewide entity.

“student” applies throughout its part

the term “student” means an individual who is enrolled in an institution of higher education on a full- or part-time basis. (i) National service educational award A participant in a program funded under this part shall be eligible for the national service educational award described in division D, if the participant served in an approved national service position.

“eligible entity” applies throughout its part

The term “eligible entity” means a State educational agency, a State Commission, a territory, an Indian tribe, an institution of higher education, or a public or private nonprofit organization (including community-based entities), a public or private elementary school or secondary school, a local educational agency, a consortium of such entities, or a consortium of 2 or more such entities and a for-profit organization. (2) Eligible partnership

“eligible partnership” applies throughout its part

The term “eligible partnership” means a partnership that— (A) shall include— (i) 1 or more community-based entities that have demonstrated records of success in carrying out service-learning programs with economically disadvantaged students, and that meet such criteria as the Chief Executive Officer may establish; and (ii) a local educational agency for which— (I) a high number or percentage, as determined by the Corporation, of the students served by the agency are economically disadvantaged students; and (II) the four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate (as defined in section 7801 of title 20 ) for the secondary school students served by the agency is less than 70 percent; and (B) may …

“youth engagement zone” applies throughout its part

The term “youth engagement zone” means the area in which a youth engagement zone program is carried out. (4) Youth engagement zone program

“youth engagement zone program” applies throughout its part

The term “youth engagement zone program” means a service-learning program in which members of an eligible partnership collaborate to provide coordinated school-based or community-based service-learning opportunities— (A) in order to address a specific community challenge; (B) for an increasing percentage of out-of-school youth and secondary school students served by a local educational agency; and (C) in circumstances under which— (i) not less than 90 percent of such students participate in service-learning activities as part of the program; or (ii) service-learning is a part of the curriculum in all of the secondary schools served by the local educational agency.

“applicant” applies in that section

the term “applicant” means— (A) a State, subdivision of a State, territory, Indian tribe, public or private nonprofit organization, or institution of higher education submitting an application under this section; or (B) an entity applying for assistance or approved national service positions through a grant program conducted using assistance provided to a State, subdivision of a State, territory, Indian tribe, public or private nonprofit organization, or institution of higher education under section 12571 of this title .

“controlled substance” applies in that section

the term “controlled substance” has the meaning given in section 802(6) of title 21 . (5) Effective date This subsection shall be effective upon publication by the Corporation in the Federal Register of criteria prescribed under paragraph (2). (f) Authority to establish demonstration programs The Corporation may establish by regulation demonstration programs for the creation and evaluation of innovative volunteer and community service programs.

“institution of higher education” applies in that section

the term “institution of higher education” has the meaning provided by section 102 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [ 20 U.S.C. 1002 ].

“qualified student loans” applies in that section

the term “qualified student loans” means— (A) any loan made, insured, or guaranteed pursuant to title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1070 et seq.), other than a loan to a parent of a student pursuant to section 428B of such Act ( 20 U.S.C. 1078–2 ); (B) any loan made pursuant to title VII or VIII of the Public Health Service Act [ 42 U.S.C.

“Board” applies throughout its division

The term “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Corporation. (2) Campus director The term “campus director”, with respect to a Corps campus, means the head of the campus under section 12615(d) of this title . (3) Corps

“Corps” applies throughout its division

The term “Corps” means the National Civilian Community Corps required under section 12615 of this title as part of the National Civilian Community Corps Program. (4) Corps campus

“Corps campus” applies throughout its division

The term “Corps campus” means the facility or central location established as the operational headquarters and boarding place for particular Corps units. (5) Corps members

“Corps members” applies throughout its division

The term “Corps members” means persons receiving training and participating in projects under the National Civilian Community Corps Program. (6) Director

“Director” applies throughout its division

The term “Director” means the Director of the National Civilian Community Corps. (7) Institution of higher education

“institution of higher education” applies throughout its division

The term “institution of higher education” has the meaning given that term in section 1001 of title 20 . (8) Program

“Program” applies throughout its division

The term “Program” means the National Civilian Community Corps Program established pursuant to section 12612 of this title . (9) Service-learning The term “service-learning”, with respect to Corps members, means a method— (A) under which Corps members learn and develop through active participation in thoughtfully organized service experiences that meet actual community needs; (B) that provides structured time for a Corps member to think, talk, or write about what the Corps member did and saw during an actual service activity; (C) that provides Corps members with opportunities to use newly acquired skills and knowledge in real life situations in their own communities; and (D) that helps to …

“unit” applies throughout its division

The term “unit” means a unit of the Corps referred to in section 12615(c) of this title .

“qualified individual with a disability” applies in that section

the term “qualified individual with a disability” has the meaning given the term in section 12111(8) of this title . (b) Federal financial assistance Any assistance provided under this subchapter shall constitute Federal financial assistance for purposes of title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ( 42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.), title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 ( 20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.), section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 ( 29 U.S.C. 794 ), and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 ( 42 U.S.C. 6101 et seq.), and shall constitute Federal financial assistance to an education program or activity for purposes of the Education Amendments of 1972 ( 20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.).

“partnership” applies in that section

the term “partnership” means the Corporation, acting in conjunction with (consistent with the terms of an agreement entered into between the Corporation and the National Conference) the National Conference on Citizenship referred to in section 150701 of title 36 to carry out this section.

“severely economically distressed community” applies in that section

the term “severely economically distressed community” means— (1) an area that has a mortgage foreclosure rate, home price decline, and unemployment rate all of which are above the national average for such rates or level, for the most recent 12 months for which satisfactory data are available; or (2) a residential area that lacks basic living necessities, such as water and sewer systems, electricity, paved roads, and safe, sanitary housing.

“function” applies in that section

the term “function” means any duty, obligation, power, authority, responsibility, right, privilege, activity, or program. (2) In general Except as otherwise prohibited by law or provided in the national service laws, the Chief Executive Officer may delegate any function under the national service laws, and authorize such successive redelegations of such function as may be necessary or appropriate. No delegation of a function by the Chief Executive Officer under this subsection or under any other provision of the national service laws shall relieve such Chief Executive Officer of responsibility for the administration of such function.

“independent” applies in that section

The term “independent” has the meaning given the term in section 480(d) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1087vv(d) ). (ii) Total income

“total income” applies in that section

The term “total income” has the meaning given the term in section 480(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1087vv(a) ). (g) Recruitment and public awareness functions (1) Effort The Chief Executive Officer shall ensure that the Corporation, in carrying out the recruiting and public awareness functions of the Corporation, shall expend at least the level of effort on recruitment and public awareness activities related to the programs carried out under the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 ( 42 U.S.C. 4950 et seq.) as ACTION expended on recruitment and public awareness activities related to programs under the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 during fiscal year 1993.

“inherently governmental function” applies in that section

the term “inherently governmental function” means any activity that is so intimately related to the public interest as to mandate performance by an officer or employee of the Federal Government, including an activity that requires either the exercise of discretion in applying the authority of the Government or the use of value judgment in making a decision for the Government. (2) Property (A) In general The Corporation may solicit, accept, hold, administer, use, and dispose of, in furtherance of the purposes of the national service laws, donations of any money or property, real, personal, or mixed, tangible or intangible, received by gift, devise, bequest, or otherwise.

“area of national need” applies in that section

The term “area of national need” means an area involved in efforts to— (A) improve education in schools for economically disadvantaged students; (B) expand and improve access to health care; (C) improve energy efficiency and conserve natural resources; (D) improve economic opportunities for economically disadvantaged individuals; or (E) improve disaster preparedness and response. (2) Eligible fellowship recipient

“average annual VISTA subsistence allowance” applies in that section

the term “average annual VISTA subsistence allowance” means the total average annual subsistence allowance provided to VISTA volunteers under section 4955 of this title . (f) Compliance with ineligible service categories Service under a ServeAmerica Fellowship shall comply with section 12584(a) of this title . For purposes of applying that section to this subsection, a reference to assistance shall be considered to be a reference to assistance provided under this section. (g) Reports Each service sponsor organization that receives a fellow under this section shall, on a biweekly basis, report to the Corporation on the number of hours served and the services provided by that fellow.

“eligible fellowship recipient” applies in that section

The term “eligible fellowship recipient” means an individual who is selected by a State Commission under subsection (c) and, as a result of such selection, is eligible for a ServeAmerica Fellowship. (3) Fellow

“fellow” applies in that section

The term “fellow” means an eligible fellowship recipient who is awarded a ServeAmerica Fellowship and is designated a fellow under subsection (e)(2). (4) Small service sponsor organization

“small service sponsor organization” applies in that section

The term “small service sponsor organization” means a service sponsor organization described in subsection (d)(1) that has not more than 10 full-time employees and 10 part-time employees. (b) Grants (1) In general From the amounts appropriated under section 12681(a)(4)(B) of this title and allotted under paragraph (2)(A), the Corporation shall make grants (including financial assistance and a corresponding allotment of approved national service positions), to the State Commission of each of the several States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico with an application approved under this section, to enable such State Commissions to award ServeAmerica Fellowships under …

“National Service Reserve Corps member” applies in that section

the term “National Service Reserve Corps member” means an individual who— (A) has completed a term of national service or is a veteran; (B) has successfully completed training described in subsection (c) within the previous 2 years; (C) completes not less than 10 hours of volunteering each year (which may include the training session described in subparagraph (B)); and (D) has indicated interest to the Corporation in responding to disasters and emergencies in a timely manner through the National Service Reserve Corps; and;

“term of national service” applies in that section

the term “term of national service” means a term or period of service under section 12573 of this title . (b) Establishment of National Service Reserve Corps (1) In general In consultation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Corporation shall establish a National Service Reserve Corps to prepare and deploy National Service Reserve Corps members to respond to disasters and emergencies in support of national service programs and other requesting programs and agencies.

“community organization” applies in that section

The term “community organization” means a nonprofit organization that carries out innovative, effective initiatives to address community challenges. (2) Covered entity

“covered entity” applies in that section

The term “covered entity” means— (A) an existing grantmaking institution (existing as of the date on which the institution applies for a grant under this section); or (B) a partnership between— (i) such an existing grantmaking institution; and (ii) an additional grantmaking institution, a State Commission, or a chief executive officer of a unit of general local government. (3) Issue area

“issue area” applies in that section

The term “issue area” means an area described in subsection (f)(3). (d) Program From the amounts appropriated to carry out this section that are not reserved under subsections ( l ) and (m), the Corporation shall establish a Social Innovation Funds grant program to make grants on a competitive basis to eligible entities for Social Innovation Funds. (e) Periods; amounts The Corporation shall make such grants for periods of 5 years, and may renew the grants for additional periods of 5 years, in amounts of not less than $1,000,000 and not more than $10,000,000 per year.

“local government office” applies in that section

the term “local government office” means the office of the chief executive officer of a unit of general local government. (3) Reduction The Corporation may reduce by 50 percent the matching funds required by paragraph (1) for an eligible entity serving a community (such as a rural low-income community) that the eligible entity can demonstrate is significantly philanthropically underserved.

“intermediary nonprofit grantee” applies in that section

The term “intermediary nonprofit grantee” means an intermediary nonprofit organization that receives a grant under subsection (b). (2) Intermediary nonprofit organization

“intermediary nonprofit organization” applies in that section

The term “intermediary nonprofit organization” means an experienced and capable nonprofit entity with meaningful prior experience in providing organizational development assistance, or capacity building assistance, focused on small and midsize nonprofit organizations. (3) Nonprofit The term “nonprofit”, used with respect to an entity or organization, means— (A) an entity or organization described in section 501(c)(3) of title 26 and exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such title; and (B) an entity or organization described in paragraph (1) or (2) of section 170(c) of such title. (4) State

“State” applies in that section

The term “State” means each of the several States, and the District of Columbia. (b) Grants The Corporation shall establish a Nonprofit Capacity Building Program to make grants to intermediary nonprofit organizations to serve as intermediary nonprofit grantees. The Corporation shall make the grants to enable the intermediary nonprofit grantees to pay for the Federal share of the cost of delivering organizational development assistance, including training on best practices, financial planning, grantwriting, and compliance with the applicable tax laws, for small and midsize nonprofit organizations, especially those nonprofit organizations facing resource hardship challenges.

“appropriate service project” applies in that section

The term “appropriate service project” means any project for the rehabilitation, reclamation, or beautification of urban public housing and public works and transportation resources or facilities. (2) Corps and Urban Youth Corps

“Corps” applies in that section

The term “Corps” and “Urban Youth Corps” mean the Urban Youth Corps established under subsection (d)(1). (3) Qualified urban youth corps

“qualified urban youth corps” applies in that section

The term “qualified urban youth corps” means any program established by a State or local government or by a nonprofit organization that— (A) is capable of offering meaningful, full-time, productive work for individuals between the ages of 16 and 25, inclusive, in an urban or public works or transportation setting; (B) gives participants a mix of work experience, basic and life skills, education, training, and support services; and (C) provides participants with the opportunity to develop citizenship values and skills through service to their communities and the United States. (4) Secretary

“Secretary” applies in that section

The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development or the Secretary of Transportation. (5) State

“State” applies in that section

The term “State” means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands of the United States, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. (d) Establishment of Urban Youth Corps (1) Establishment There is hereby established in the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Department of Transportation an Urban Youth Corps. The Corps shall consist of individuals between the ages of 16 and 25, inclusive, who are enrolled as participants in the Corps by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and the Secretary of Transportation.

“Urban Youth Corps” applies in that section

The term “Corps” and “Urban Youth Corps” mean the Urban Youth Corps established under subsection (d)(1). (3) Qualified urban youth corps

“administrative organization” applies in that section

the term “administrative organization” means a nonprofit private organization that enters into an agreement with the Corporation to carry out this section. (b) Identification of projects (1) Estimated number Not later than March 1, 2002 , the administrative organization, after obtaining the guidance of the heads of appropriate Federal agencies, such as the Director of the Office of Homeland Security and the Attorney General, shall— (A) make an estimate of the number of victims killed as a result of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 (referred to in this section as the “estimated number”); and (B) compile a list that specifies, for each individual that the administrative …

“certification” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “certification” means a written assertion, based on supporting evidence, which shall be kept available for inspection by the Secretary, the Inspector General and the public, which assertion shall be deemed to be accurate for purposes of this Act, unless the Secretary determines otherwise after inspecting the evidence and providing due notice and opportunity for comment.;

“community housing development organization” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “community housing development organization” means a nonprofit organization as defined in paragraph (5), that— (A) has among its purposes the provision of decent housing that is affordable to low-income and moderate-income persons; (B) maintains, through representation on the organization’s governing board and otherwise, accountability to low-income community residents and, to the extent practicable, low-income beneficiaries with regard to decisions on the design, siting, development, and management of affordable housing; (C) has a demonstrated capacity for carrying out activities assisted under this Act; and (D) has a history of serving the local community or communities within …

“community land trust” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “community land trust” means a nonprofit entity, a State, a unit of local government, or an instrumentality of a State or unit of local government that— (A) is not managed by, or an affiliate of, a for profit organization; (B) has as a primary purpose of acquiring, developing, or holding land to provide housing that is permanently affordable to low- and moderate-income persons; (C) monitors properties to ensure affordability is preserved; (D) provides housing that is permanently affordable to low- and moderate-income persons using a ground lease, deed covenant, or other similar legally enforceable measure, determined acceptable by the Secretary, that— (i) keeps housing affordable …

“displaced homemaker” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “displaced homemaker” means an individual who— (A) is an adult; (B) has not worked full-time full-year in the labor force for a number of years but has, during such years, worked primarily without remuneration to care for the home and family; and (C) is unemployed or underemployed and is experiencing difficulty in obtaining or upgrading employment.;

“energy efficient mortgage” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “energy efficient mortgage” means a mortgage that provides financing incentives for the purchase of energy efficient homes, or that provides financing incentives to make energy efficiency improvements in existing homes by incorporating the cost of such improvements in the mortgage.;

“families” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “families” has the same meaning given that term by section 1437a of this title .;

“first-time homebuyer” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “first-time homebuyer” means an individual and his or her spouse who have not owned a home during the 3-year period prior to purchase of a home with assistance under subchapter II, except that— (A) any individual who is a displaced homemaker may not be excluded from consideration as a first-time homebuyer under this paragraph on the basis that the individual, while a homemaker, owned a home with his or her spouse or resided in a home owned by the spouse; (B) any individual who is a single parent may not be excluded from consideration as a first-time homebuyer under this paragraph on the basis that the individual, while married, owned a home with his or her spouse or resided in a …

“government-sponsored mortgage finance corporations” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “government-sponsored mortgage finance corporations” means the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, and the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation.;

“housing” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “housing” includes manufactured housing and manufactured housing lots and elder cottage housing opportunity units that are small, free-standing, barrier-free, energy-efficient, removable, and designed to be installed adjacent to existing 1- to 4-family dwellings.;

“infill housing project” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “infill housing project” means a residential housing project that— (A) is located within the geographic limits of a municipality; (B) is adequately served by existing utilities and public services as required under applicable law; (C) is located on a site of previously disturbed land of not more than 5 acres; and (D) is substantially surrounded by residential or commercial development, as determined by the Secretary.;

“insular area” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “insular area” means any of the following: Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands, and American Samoa.;

“jurisdiction” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “jurisdiction” means a State or unit of general local government.;

“low-income families” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “low-income families” means families whose incomes do not exceed 80 percent of the median income for the area, as determined by the Secretary with adjustments for smaller and larger families, except that the Secretary may establish income ceilings higher or lower than 80 percent of the median for the area on the basis of the Secretary’s findings that such variations are necessary because of prevailing levels of construction costs or fair market rents, or unusually high or low family incomes.;

“metropolitan city” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “metropolitan city” has the meaning given the term in section 5302(a)(4) of this title .;

“nonprofit organization” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “nonprofit organization” means any private, nonprofit organization (including a State or locally chartered, nonprofit organization) that— (A) is organized under State or local laws, (B) has no part of its net earnings inuring to the benefit of any member, founder, contributor, or individual, (C) complies with standards of financial accountability acceptable to the Secretary, and (D) has among its purposes significant activities related to the provision of decent housing that is affordable to low-income and moderate-income persons.;

“participating jurisdiction” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “participating jurisdiction” means any State or unit of general local government that has been so designated in accordance with section 12746 of this title .;

“public housing agency” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “public housing agency” has the meaning given the term in section 1437a(b) of this title .;

“Secretary” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, unless otherwise specified in this Act.;

“security” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “security” has the same meaning as in section 77b of title 15 .;

“single parent” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “single parent” means an individual who— (A) is unmarried or legally separated from a spouse; and (B) (i) has 1 or more minor children for whom the individual has custody or joint custody; or (ii) is pregnant.;

“State” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “State” means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any agency or instrumentality thereof that is established pursuant to legislation and designated by the chief executive officer to act on behalf of the State with regard to the provisions of this Act.;

“substantial rehabilitation” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “substantial rehabilitation” means the rehabilitation of residential property at an average cost in excess of $25,000 per dwelling unit.;

“to demonstrate to the Secretary” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “to demonstrate to the Secretary” means to submit to the Secretary a written assertion together with supporting evidence that, in the determination of the Secretary, supports the accuracy of the assertion.;

“unit of general local government” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “unit of general local government” means a city, town, township, county, parish, village, or other general purpose political subdivision of a State; the Federated States of Micronesia and Palau, the Marshall Islands, or a general purpose political subdivision thereof; a consortium of such political subdivisions recognized by the Secretary in accordance with section 12746(2) of this title ; and any agency or instrumentality thereof that is established pursuant to legislation and designated by the chief executive to act on behalf of the jurisdiction with regard to provisions of this Act.;

“urban county” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “urban county” has the meaning given the term in section 5302(a)(6) of this title .;

“very low-income families” applies throughout its subchapter

The term “very low-income families” means low-income families whose incomes do not exceed 50 percent of the median family income for the area, as determined by the Secretary with adjustments for smaller and larger families, except that the Secretary may establish income ceilings higher or lower than 50 percent of the median for the area on the basis of the Secretary’s findings that such variations are necessary because of prevailing levels of construction costs or fair market rents, or unusually high or low family incomes.;

“troubled public housing agency” applies in that section

the term “troubled public housing agency” means a public housing agency that, upon the effective date of the Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act of 1998, is designated under section 6(j)(2) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [ 42 U.S.C. 1437d(j)(2) ] as a troubled public housing agency.

“displaced homemaker” applies in that section

The term “displaced homemaker” means an individual who— (A) is an adult; (B) has not worked full-time, full-year in the labor force for a number of years but has, during such years, worked primarily without remuneration to care for the home and family; and (C) is unemployed or underemployed and is experiencing difficulty in obtaining or upgrading employment. (2) First-time homebuyer

“first-time homebuyer” applies in that section

The term “first-time homebuyer” means an individual who has never, or has not during a specified period of time, had any present ownership interest in a principal residence. (3) Single parent

“single parent” applies in that section

The term “single parent” means an individual who— (A) is unmarried or legally separated from a spouse; and (B) (i) has 1 or more minor children for whom the individual has custody or joint custody; or (ii) is pregnant. (c) Applicability This section shall apply to any Federal program to assist first-time homebuyers, unless the program is exempted from this section by a statute that amends this subsection or explicitly refers to this subsection.

“affordable housing” applies throughout its part

the term “affordable housing” includes permanent housing for disabled homeless persons, transitional housing, and single room occupancy housing. (2) Limitation The Secretary may not restrict the choice by a participating jurisdiction of rehabilitation, substantial rehabilitation, new construction, reconstruction, acquisition, or other eligible housing uses authorized in paragraph (1) unless the restriction is explicitly authorized under section 12753(2) of this title .

“attainable housing” applies in that section

The term “attainable housing” means housing that serves households earning not more than 120 percent of the area median income, if the majority of the housing units are affordable to households earning not more than 60 percent of the area median income. (2) Converted housing unit